Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout2010-10-20 PRC Packet� 4 W I 10114 4. Approval of Minutes 5. Visitor Presentations a. Geocache Program UpdateOO Eagle Scout Project (Tyler Schaller) b. Trout Brook Trail (Bill Sanders) c. Emerald Ash Borer (tinny Gaynor and Andy Hovland) Unfinished Business a. Legacy Tot -Lot Naming b. Gethsemane Park Purchase 7. New Business a. North it Paul Joint Powers Agreement b. Restoring of the Maplewood Parks and Recreation Department 9. Commissioner Comments 10. Adjourn — (9:30 p.m.) Next meeting — November 17, 2010 1. CALL TO ORDER Chair Roman indicated there was a quorum and called the meeting to order. 3. APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA Commissioner Roman requested to move item 6a, to 6c, and items b and c would then move up. Seconded by Commissioner Christianson. Ayes: All 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES a® July 21, 2010 0 r-1 �-,ommissioner Fischer noted that on page 2, under item 6a, Fisher should be spelled Fischer. 10011 Seconded by Commissioner Brannon. Ayes.- All a. Capital Improvement lana Tax Increment Financing (Chuck Ahl) Chuck Ahl, Assistant City Manager, addressed the commission and presented his report regarding the Capital Improvement Plan and Tax Increment Financing. 17,'M 7. NEW BUSINESS a® Park Improvement Projects Jim Taylor, Recreation Manager, updated the commission on the upcoming Park improvement projects. a® Goodrich Park Master Plan Jim Taylor, Recreation Manager, updated the commission and answered questions oft e commission. In addition, he requested a volunteer commission member for the Goodrich Park Master Plan Task Force. Commissioner Fischer volunteered to participate. b. Joy Park Improvements- Phase II Jim Taylor, Recreation Manager, updated the commission and answered questions of the commission. N, %-,ommissioner Fischer.moved to approve staff recommendations for Joy Park Improvements -Phase 11. Seconded by Commissioner Brannon. Ayes: All Commissioner Peterson noted that Johnny Appleseed Day was approaching at the Bruentrup Heritage Farm on Saturday, August 28, from I I a.m. to 100p.m., and notified the commission of the events that Commissioner Schmidt extended a "thank you" to Councilmember Juenemann, for coming out on the last day to recognize the Nature Center Junior volunteers. Commissioner Mackey commented that she attended the Taste of Maplewood and felt it was success, and was excited about all the events going on in Maplewood. Commissioner Christianson commented that Judging the Extreme Green Makeover was a lot of fun. Commissioner Maas inquired about the lights in the tunnel. Commissioner Fischer inquired if the Buckthorn removal project that has been one in the past at Joy Park has been set up for this fall. He also inquired if there were any updates on potential joint ventures between surrounding communities. He also announced a fundraiser at Silver Lake in North Saint Paul that would raise money for the possibility of restoring lifeguards at the each again next year. Commissioner Roman thanked the City, City staff, and the Community Center for the National Night Out event. He stated that is was a success. 10. AWOURNMENT Commissioner Fischer moved to adjourn. the meeting. Seconded by Commissioner Christianson. Ayes: All The meeting adjourned at 9:25p.m. 1 TO -E-3 Parks and Recreation Commission FROMI-3 Ginny Gaynor, Natural Resources Coordinator SUBJECT: Emerald Ash Borer Plan DATE: October 13, 2010 for October 20, 2010 Commission Meeting In Spring 20 09, Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was discovered in St. Paul, Minnesota. In early 2010, EAB was found in Minneapolis and in Houston County, Minnesota. Communities throughout Minnesota are developing strategies to manage this pest. NOW j I,, no I V-1. x I M1 -Z � IWA W information on insecticide options for.EAB. The Parks Commission will focus on managing EAB ir parks. Commissioners are encouraged to attend the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission's discussion on EAB, which will have a broader focus. RECOMMENDATION Staff requests that the Parks and Recreation Commission reviews the information provided, discusses options for managing EAB in our parks, and provides preliminary input on this issue. Attachments: 1. Selected Websites for Emerald Ash Borer 2. Pest Alert — Emerald Ash Borer 3. Do I Have Emerald Ash Borer? 4. Insecticide Options for Protecting Ash Trees from Emerald Ash Borer 9, The EAB Regulatory Review (tri -weekly e-mail newsletter for MN): www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/eab/reviewarchive.aspx. Emerald Ash Borer Abeetle from Asia, Agrilus planipennis Fainnaine Bupresddae),vvasi6end/edin/uk/ 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus spp.) tree decline and mortality in southeastern Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Larval feeding in the tissue between the bark and sapwood disrupts transport ofnutrients and water inatree, eventually causing branches and the entire tree to die. Tens of millions of ash trees in forest, rural, and urban areas have already been killed or are heavily infested by this pest. A. planipennis has been found throughout Michigan, across much of Ohio, and inparts of Indiana, UUnois.��a,vamJ.��i^e`uh.Pennsv�nnia.Vln�nin.\���\�ndninanJvuxrnnwn.|n[e"�onns�av� ���� -' _'_— Missouri _.-' _— ..~—_ _' Virginia and Wisconsin Infestations —____ .__ also been found inmore areas ofOntario and inthe province of Quebec. The insect islikely mbe found inadditional areas as detection surveys continue. Evidence suggests that A. planipennis isgenerally established inanarea for several years before kis The broad distribution of this pest in the United States and Canada isprimarily due mpeople inadvertently transporting infested ash nursery stock, unprocessed logs, firewood, and other ash commodities. Federal and state quarantines in infested states now �go|nwoan"nn�n[�esenmJoc�. -.--_-__'— —_-- -__ Identification Adult beetles are generally larger and brighter green (Fig. 1) than the native North American Agrilus species. Adults are slender, elongate, and 7.5 to 13.5 mm long. Males are smaller than females and have fine hairs, which the females lack, onthe ventral side ofthe thorax. Adults are usually bronze, golden, or reddish green overall, with darker, metallic emerald green wing covers. The dorsal side ofthe abdomen ismetallic purplish red and can be seen when the wings are spread (Fig. 2). The prothorax, the segment behind the head and to which the first pair of legs is attached, is slightly wider than the head and the same width as the base ofthe wing coves. Larvae reach a length of 26 to 32 mm, are white to cneam'co|oned, and dorso -ventrally flattened (Fig.3).The brown head ismostly retracted into the prothorax, and only the mouthparts are visible. The abdomen has 10 segments, and the last segment has a pair ofbrown, pincer -like appendages. Biology A. planipennis generally has a 1 -year life cycle. In the upper Midwest adult beetles begin emerging in May or early June. Beetle activity peaks between mid June and early July, and continues into August. Beetles probably live for about 3 weeks, although some have survived for more than 6 weeks in the laboratory. Beetles generally are most active during the day, particularly when it is warm and sunny. Most beetles appear to remain in protected locations in bark crevices or on foliage during rain or high winds. Throughout their lives beetles feed on ash foliage, usually leaving small, irregularly shaped patches along the leaf margins. A4least efew days of feeding are needed before beetles mate, and an additional 1 to 2 weeks of feeding maybe needed before females begin laying eggs. Females can mate multiple times. Each female pnobaNy|ays3O'6OeggsduringanaveegeUfespan,buta|ong-Uvedfema|emay|ay more than 200 eggs. Eggs are deposited individually in bark crevices orunder bark flaps on the trunk or branches, and soon darken to a reddish brown. Eggs hatch in 7 t 10 days. After hatching, first instar larvae chew through the bark and into the phloem and cambial region. Larvae feed on phloem for several weeks, creating serpentine (S-shaped) galleries packed with fine sawdust -like frass. As a larva grows, its gallery becomes progressively wider (Fig. 4). Beetle galleries often etch the outer sapwood. The length of the gallery generally ranges from 10 to 50 cm. Feeding is usually completed in autumn. Prepupa| larvae ovemvinter in shallow chambers, roughly 1 cm deep, excavated in the outer sapwood or in the bark on thick -barked trees. Pupation begins in Figure 1. Adult emerald ash borer. Figure z.Purplish red abdomen onadult Figure 3. Second, third, and fourth stage larvae. Figure 4. Gallery of an emerald ash borer larva. Figure s.m-shapedhole where an adult beetle emerged. Figure 6.jagged holes left by woodpeckers feeding on larvae. Figure rAsh tree killed by emerald ash borer. Note the serpentine galleries. Figure e.eniconnicbranching on late April orMay. Newly eclosed adults often remain in the pupal chamber orbark for (to2 weeks before emerging head -first through aD-shaped exit hole that is3m4mmindiameter (F i g. 5). Studies in Michigan indicate 2 years may be required for A. planipennis to develop in newly infested ash trees that are relatively healthy. |nthese trees, many A. planipennis overwinteras early instars, feed a second summer, overwinter as prepupae, and emerge the following summer. In trees stressed by physical injury, high A. planipennis densities, or other problems, all ornearly all larvae develop in a single year. Whether a 2 -year life cycle will occur in warmer southern states isnot yet known. Distribution and Hosts A. p/anipennis is native uzAsia and is found in China and Korea. It Is also reported in Japan, Mongolia, the Russian Far East, and Taiwan. In China, high populations of A. planipennis occur primarily in Fnsxinus ch/nensis and E nhynchophylla, usually when those trees are stressed by drought orinjury. Other Asian hosts (F.nnandshuricavar. japonica, UlmusobvidVanavar. /apon/oa, /uglans mandshurica vaar. s/ebok/iana, and P/e000arya nho//blla) may be colonized by this or a related species. In North America A. pbnipennis has attacked only ash trees. Host preference of/\. pbnipennis or resistance among North American ash species may vary. Green ash (F. pennsvkon/ca) and black ash (F. nigra), for example, appear to be highly preferred, while white ash (E americana) and blue ash (E quadr ngu/ata) are less preferred. At this time all species and varieties of native ash in North America appear to be at risk from this pest. Signs and Symp'ttoms It is difficult to detect A. p/anipennis in newly infested trees because they exhibit few, if any, external symptoms. jagged holes excavated by woodpeckers feeding on late instar or prepupal larvae may be the first sign that tree is infested (Fig. 6). O -shaped exit holes |e8 by emerging adult beetles may he seen on branches or the trunk, especially on trees with smooth bark (Fig S). Bark may split vertically over larval feeding galleries. When the bark is removed from infested trees, the distinct frass-filled larval galleries that etch the outer sapwood and phloem are readily visible (Fig. 4 and Fig. 7). An elliptical area of discolored sapwood, usually a result of secondary infection bvfungal pathogens, sometimes surrounds galleries. As A. pbnipennis densities build, foliage wilts, branches die, and the tree canopy becomes increasingly thin. Many trees appear to lose about 30 to 50 percent of the canopy after only a few years of infestation. Trees may die after 3 to 4 years of heavy infestation (Fig. 7). Epicormic shoots may arise on the trunk or branches of the tree (Fig. 8), often at the margin of live and dead tissue. Dense root sprouting sometimes occurs after trees die. A. planipennis larvae have developed in branches and trunks ranging from 2.5 cm (1 inch) to14O cm (55 inches) in diameter. Although stressed trees are initially more attractive to A. pbnipennis than healthy trees are, in many areas all or nearly all ash trees greater than 3 cm in diameter have been attacked. Resources For more information on the emerald ash borer and related mnics... McCullough,Cooperative -vlsnthe following Web sites: Published by: Multi -agency Emerald Ash Borer Web Site: USDA Forest Service nfo Northeastern Area USDA Fone�Semice: www.na-ts.ted.us s��amupn.a�ez��v USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Newtown Square, p^/eors www.aphi�Liscia,�o°/p'lamt—healtli wwv%,'.uaAQ..feaTL1s -[on:actyourstate Department ofAgriculture, State Forester, o, #!!�, Federal pe=v=x"grrommm Extension Off ice. Printed on recycled paper. Prepa,red by-. Deborah G. professor, Departments of Entomology and Forestry, Michigan State University Noel F. Schneeberger, Forest Health Program leader, and Steven A. Katovich, forest entomologist, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service Photo credits. - David L. reditmDavidL. Cappaertand Howard Russell, Michigan State University, www.forestryimages.org Steven A.uamvd,USDA Forest Service, Edward [zeminskiOntario Ministry ofNatural Resources, USDA isamequal opportunity provider and employer. MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT 625 Robert St. N., St. Paul MN 55155-2538 4 U` A A, A"Ww"I I KNOW In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, an alternative form of communication is available upon request. Do I have EAB factsheetindid TDD: 1-800-627-3529. MDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. I think my ash tree may be infested with Emerald Ash Borer, GO vretp h _A suspect I have seen an Emerald Ash Borer, 4 Ly 0 t'0 SICT V T - Are the symptoms or insects EAB Review these guides www.mda.statem nms/news/pu bi ications/ext/ea blooka l ikes pdf look-aliks? e OR www.mda.state.mn.us/sitecore/content/Global/MDADocs/ es 0,0 10 0 &0 I Qo pests p I a nts/ea b/ea breference.aspx www.forestry.umn.edu/extension/index.htmi lam Welcome to the University of Minnesota ,nal Topics Forest Resources Extension & Outreach Tree and Shrub selection Seasonal Care for Tree5 & Shrubs in Nort ern U.S. a In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, an alternative form of communication is available upon request. Do I have EAB factsheetindid TDD: 1-800-627-3529. MDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. 3or ni Attachment ,�".,`.' ..-7 .,-. � �.^�„ ,.,._. „v � „" a ,- r .c ..-, .d,... r3 r .:-r'.. ,--° ; w r- . .,.r' ,»v �. ...!: r1 .�..,r^.�,%. <.✓_:.,c �..., _ �' � u Professor, Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 2Professor, Department of .Entomology and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 3Professor, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 4Professor, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 5Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin -Madison and University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension, Madison, WI 53706 6Extension Entomologist, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana -Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Answers toFrequently Asked Questions ................ ...3 What options do | have for treating my ash trees? . . . . . . . .3 | know mytree isalready infested with EAB. Will insecticides still beeffective? . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. ..3 Myash tree looks fine but mycounty is quarantined for EAB. Should | start treating mytree? ................. 4 | realize that | will have to protect my ash trees from Insecticide Options for Controlling EAB ....`.............5 Using Insecticides to Control EAB ... . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .6 Soil -Applied Systemic Insecticides ..................... 6 Trunk -Injected Systemic Insecticides ...................7 Noninvasive, Systemic Basal Trunk Sprays ...............7 How Effective Are Insecticides for Control cfEAB? . . . . . . . . . .8 Soil -Applied Systemic Insecticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Trunk -injected Systemic Insecticides ...................9 Emamectin benzoate . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .9 |micladoorid . .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .9 Noninvasive Basal Trunk Sprays with Dinotefuran . . . . . .. .1O Acknowledgements . . . .. .... . . ... . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . .1O Key Points and Summary Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 merald ash borer (Agrilus planipenni . s Fairmaire), an invasive insect native to Asia, has killed tens of millions of ash trees in urban, rural and forested settings. This beetle was first discovered in 2002 in southeast Michigan and Windsor, Ontario. As of June 2009, emerald ash borer (EAB) infes- tations were known to be present in 12 states and two Canadian provinces. Many hom- eowners, arborists and tree care profession- als want to protect valuable ash trees from EAB. Scientists have learned much about this insect and methods to protect ash trees since 2002. This bulletin is designed to answer frequently asked questions and provide the most current information on insecticide options for controlling EAB. If you elect to treat your ash trees, there are several insecticide options available and research has shown that treatments can be effective. Keep in mind, however, that con- trolling insects that feed under the bark with insecticides has always been difficult. This is especially true with EAB because our native North American ash trees have little natural resistance to this pest. In university trials, some insecticide treatments were effective in 1111111111111 jill jp� some sites, but the same treat- ments failed in other sites. Further- more, in some studies conducted over multiple years, EAB densities continued to increase in individual trees despite annual treatment. Some arborists have combined treatments to increase the odds of success (e.g., combining a cover spray with a systemic treatment). Our understanding of how EAB can be managed successfully with insecticides has increased substantially in recent years. The current state of this understanding is detailed in the bulletin. It is important to note that research on management of EAB remains a work in progress. Scientists from universities, government agencies and com- panies continue to conduct intensive studies to understand how and when insecticide treatments will be most effective. If a tree has lost more than 50 percent of its canopy, it is probably too late to save the tree. Studies have shown that it is best to begin using insecticides while ash trees are still relatively healthy. This is because most of the insecticides used for EAB control act systemically — the insecticide must be trans- ported within the tree. In other words, a tree must be healthy enough to carry a systemic insecticide up the trunk and into the branches and canopy. When EAB larvae feed, their gal- leries injure the phloem and xylem that make up the plant's circulatory system. This inter- feres with the ability of the tree to transport nutrients and water, as well as insecticides. As a tree becomes more and more infested, the injury becomes more severe. Large branches or even the trunk can be girdled by the larval galleries. Studies have also shown that if the canopy of a tree is already declining when insecticide treatments are initiated, the condition of the tree may continue to deteriorate during the first year of treatment. In many cases, the tree canopy will begin to improve in the second year of treatment. This lag in the reversal of canopy decline probably reflects the time needed for the tree to repair its vascular system after the EAB infestation has been reduced. Scientists have learned that ash trees with low densities of EAB often have few or no exter- nal symptoms of infestation. Therefore, if your property is within a county that has been quarantined for EAB, your ash trees are prob- ably at risk. Similarly, if your trees are outside a quarantined county but are still within 10-15 miles of a known EAB infestation, they may be at risk. If your ash trees are more than 15 miles beyond this range, it is probably too early to begin insecticide treatments. Treatment programs that begin too early are a waste of money. Remember, however, that new EAB infestations have been discov- ered every year since 2002 and existing EAB populations will build and spread over time. Stay up to date with current EAB quaran- tine maps and related information at You can use the links in this Web site to access specific information for individual states. When an EAB infesta- tion is detected in a state or county for the first time, it will be added to these maps. Note, however, that once an area has been quarantined, EAB surveys generally stop, and further spread of EAB in that area will not be reflected on future maps. The economics of treating ash trees with insecticides for EAB protection are com- plicated. Factors that can be considered include the cost of the insecticide and expense of application, the size of the trees, the likelihood of success, and potential costs of removing and replacing the trees. Until recently, insecticide products had to be applied every year. A new product that is effective for two years or even longer (emamectin benzoate) has altered the eco- nomics of treating ash trees. As research pro- gresses, costs and methods of treating trees will continue to change and it will be impor- tant to stay up to date on treatment options. Benefits of treating trees can be more difficult to quantify than costs. Landscape trees typi- cally increase property values, provide shade and cooling, and contribute to the quality of life in a neighborhood. Many people are sen- timental about their trees. These intangible qualities are important and should be part of any decision to invest in an EAB management program. It is also worth noting that the size of EAB populations in a specific area will change overtime. Populations initially build very slowly,. but later increase rapidly as more trees become infested. As EAB populations reach their peak, many trees will decline and die within one or two years. As untreated ash trees in the area succumb, however, the local EAB population will decrease substantially. Scientists do not yet have enough experi- ence with EAB to know what will happen over time to trees that survive the initial wave of EAB. Ash seedlings and saplings are common in forests, woodlots, and right-of- ways, however, and it is unlikely that EAB will ever completely disappear from an area. That means that ash trees may always be at some risk of being attacked by EAB, but it seems reasonable to expect that treatment costs could eventually decrease as pest pressure declines after the EAB wave has passed. INSECTICIDE OPTIONS FOR PROTECTING ASH TREES FROM EMERALD ASH BORER Attachment 4 Insecticides that can effectively control EAB fall into four categories: (1) systemic insec- ticides that are applied as soil injections or drenches; (2) systemic insecticides applied as trunk injections; (3) systemic insecticides applied as lower trunk sprays; and (4) pro- tective cover sprays that are applied to the trunk, main branches, and (depending on the label) foliage. Insecticide formulations and application methods that have been evaluated for control of EAB are listed in Table 1. Some are mar- keted for use by homeowners while others are intended for use only by professional applicators. The "active ingredient" refers to the compound in the product that is actually toxic to the insect. Formulations included in Table 1 have been evaluated in multiple field trials conducted by the authors. Inclusion of a product in Tabic 1 does not imply that it is endorsed by the Table ® Insecticide options for professionals and homeowners for controlling EAB that have been tested in multiple university trials. Some products may not be labeled for use in all states. Some of the listed products failed to protect ash trees when they were applied at labeled rates. Inclusion of a product in this table does not imply that it is endorsed by the authors or has been consistently effective for EAB control. See text for details regarding effectiveness. Insecticide Formulation Active Ingredient Application Method Recommended Timing Professional Use Products MeritO (75 P, 75 SP, 2F) Imiclacloprid Soil injection or drench Mid -fall and/or mid- to late spring XyteCtTM (2F, 75WSP) Imiclacloprid Soil injection or drench Mid -fall and/or mid- to late spring I MA -jet@ Imiclacloprid Trunk injection Early May to mid-June Imicideo Imiclacloprid Trunk injection Early May to mid-June TREE-5ge TM Emamectin benzoate Trunk injection Early May to mid-June Inject-A-Cide BO Bidrino Trunk injection Early May to mid-June SafariTM (20 SG) Dinotefuran Systemic bark spray Early May to mid-June Astroo Permethrin 2 applications at 4 -week intervals; OnyXTM Bifenthrin Preventive bark and first spray should occur when foliage cover sprays black locust is blooming (early Tempo@ Cyfluthrin May in southern Ohio to early June in mid -Michigan) Sevin@ SL Carbaryl Homeowner Formulation Bayer Advanced Tm Tree & Shrub Insect Control Imiclacloprid Soil drench Mid -fall or mid- to late spring IN I ff MW 7, authors or has been consistently effective for EAB control. Please see the following sec- tions for specific information about results from these trials. Results of some tests have also been posted on Strategies for the most effective use of these insecticide products are described below. It is important to note that pesticide labels and registrations change constantly and vary from state to state. It is the legal responsibility of the pesticide applicatorto read, understand and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide product being used. Systemic insecticides applied to the soil are taken up by the roots and translocated throughout the tree. The most widely tested soil -applied systemic insecticide for control of EAB is imidacloprid, which is available under several brand names for use by professional applicators and homeowners (see Table 1). All imidacloprid formulations can be applied as a drench by mixing the product with water, then pouring the solution directly on the soil around the base of the trunk. Dinotefuran was recently labeled for use against EAB as a soil treatment (in addition to its use as a basal trunk spray discussed below). Studies to test its effectiveness as a soil treatment are cur- rently underway in Michigan and Ohio. Imidacloprid soil applications should be made when the soil is moist but not satu- rated. Application to water-logged soil can result in poor uptake if the insecticide becomes excessively diluted and can also result in puddles of insecticide that could wash away, potentially contaminating surface waters and storm sewers. Insecticide uptake will also be limited when soil is excessively dry. Irrigating the soil surrounding the base of the tree before the insecticide application can improve uptake. The application rates for the homeowner product (Bayer AdvancedTm Tree & Shrub Insect Control) and professional formulations of imidacloprid are very similar. Homeowners apply the same amount of active ingredient that professionals apply. However, there are certain restrictions on the use of homeowner formulations that do not apply to professional formulations. Homeowner formulations of imidacloprid can be applied only as a drench. It Is not legal to inject these products into the soil, although some companies have mar- keted devices to homeowners specifically for this purpose. Homeowners are also restricted to making only one application per year. Several generic products containing imida- cloprid are available to homeowners, but the formulations vary and the effectiveness of these products has not yet been evaluated in university tests. Soil drenches offer the advantage of requir- ing no special equipment for applica- tion other than a bucket or watering can. However, imidacloprid can bind to surface layers of organic matter, such as mulch or leaf litter, which can reduce uptake by the tree. Before applying soil drenches, it is impor- tant to remove, rake or pull away any mulch or dead leaves so the insecticide solution is poured directly on the mineral soil. Imidacloprid formulations labeled for use by professionals can be applied as a soil drench or as soil injections. Soil injections require specialized equipment, but offer the advan- tage of placing the insecticide under mulch or turf and directly into the root zone. This also can help to prevent runoff on sloped surfaces. Injections should be made just deep enough to place the insecticide beneath the soil surface (2-4 inches). Soil injections should be made within 18 inches of the trunk where the density of fine roots is highest. As you move away from the tree, large radial roots diverge like spokes on a wheel and studies have shown that uptake is higher when the product is applied at the base of the trunk. There are no studies that show that applying fertilizer with imidacloprid enhances uptake or effectiveness of the insecticide. Optimal timing for imidacloprid soil injec- tions and drenches is mid-April to mid-May, depending on your region. Allow four to six weeks for uptake and distribution of the insecticide within the tree. In southern Ohio, for example, you would apply the product by INSECTICIDE OPTIONS FOR PROTECTING ASH TREES FROM EMERALD ASH BORER mid-April; in southern Michigan, you should apply the product by early to mid-May. When treating larger trees (e.g., with trunks larger than 12 inches in diameter), treat on the earlier side of the recommended timing. Large trees will require more time for uptake and transportation of the insecticide than will small trees. Recent tests show that imiclaclo- prid soil treatments can also be successful when applied in the fall. Several systemic insecticide products can be injected directly into the trunk of the tree including formulations of imiclacloprid and emamectin benzoate (see Table 1). An advantage of trunk injections is that they can be used on sites where soil treatments may not be practical or effective, including trees growing on excessively wet, compacted or restricted soil environments. However, trunk injections do wound the trunk, which may cause long-term damage, especially if treat- ments are applied annually. Products applied as trunk injections are typically absorbed and transported within the tree more quickly than soil applications. Allow three to four weeks for most trunk - injected products to move through the tree. Optimal timing of trunk injections occurs after t ' rees have leafed out in spring but before EAB eggs have hatched, or generally between mid-May and mid-June. Uptake of trunk -injected insecticides will be most effi- cient when trees are actively transpiring. Best results are usually obtained by injecting trees in the morning when soil is moist but not saturated. Uptake will be slowed by hot after- noon temperatures and dry soil conditions. Dinotefuran is labeled for application as a noninvasive, systemic bark spray for EAB control. It belongs to the same chemical class as imidacloprid (neon icotinolds) but is much more soluble. The formulated insecticide is sprayed on the lower five to six feet of the trunk using a common garden sprayer and low pressure. Research has shown that the insecticide penetrates the bark and moves systemically throughout the rest of the tree. EURTNTITTZE, Dinotefuran can be mixed with surfactants that may facilitate its movement into the tree, particularly on large trees with thick bark. However, in field trials, adding a surfactant did not consistently increase the amount of insecticide recovered from the leaves of treated trees. The basal trunk spray offers the advantage of being quick and easy to apply and requires no special equipment other than a garden sprayer. This application technique does not wound the tree, and when applied correctly, the insecticide does not enter the soil. Insecticides can be sprayed on the trunk, branches and (depending on the label) foliage to kill adult EAB beetles as they feed on ash leaves, and newly hatched larvae as they chew through the bark. Thorough cover- age is essential for best results. Products that have been evaluated as cover sprays for control of EAB include some specific formula- tions of permethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin and carbaryl (see Table 1). Protective cover sprays are designed to prevent EAB from entering the tree and will have no effect on larvae feeding under the bark. Cover sprays should be timed to occur when most adult beetles are feeding and beginning to lay eggs. Adult activity can be difficult to monitor because there are no Healthy ash trees that have been protected with insecticides growing next to untreated ash trees killed by EAB. EAB adults must feed on foliage before they become reproduc- tively mature. eective pheromone traps for EAB. However, first emergence of EAB adults generally occurs between 450-550 degree days (start- ing date of January 1 , base temperature of 50T), which corresponds closely with full bloom of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) For best results, consider two applications, one at 500 DD50 (as black locust approaches full bloom) and a second spray four weeks later. Extensive testing of insecticides for control of EAB has been conducted by researchers at Michigan State University (MSU) and The Ohio State University (OSU). Results of some of the MSU trials are available at www.emer- aldashborer.info. Efficacy of imiclacloprid soil injections for con- trolling EAB has been inconsistent; in some trials EAB control was excellent, while others yielded poor results. Differences in applica- tion protocols and conditions of the trials have varied considerably, making it difficult to reach firm conclusions about sources of variation in efficacy. For example, an MSU study found that low-volume soil injections of imiclacloprid applied to small trees averag- ing 4 inches in DBH (diameter of the trunk at breast height) using the Kloritz applicator (a hand-held device for making low-volume injections) provided good control at one site. However, control was poor at another site where the same application protocols were used to treat larger trees (13 -inch DBH). Imiclacloprid levels may have been too low in the larger trees to provide adequate control. Higher pest pressure at the second site also may have contributed to poor control in the large trees. In the same trials, high-pressure soil injection of imiclacloprid (applied in two conc- • - at the base of the tree and th other halfway to the drip line of the canopy) provided excellent control at one site. At imother site, however, soil injections appliedl using the same rate, timing and application method were completely ineffective, even though tree size and infestation pressure were very similar. It should be noted that recent studies have shown that imiclacloprid soil injections made at the base of the trunk result in more effective uptake than applica- tions made on grid or circular patterns under the canopy. Imiclacloprid soil drenches have also gen- erated mixed results. In some studies conducted by MSU and OSU researchers, imiclacloprid soil drenches have provided excellent control of EAB. However, in other studies, control has been inconsistent. Expe- rience and research indicate that imiclacloprid soil drenches are most effective on smaller trees and control of EAB on trees with a DBH that exceeds 15 inches is less consistent. This inconsistency may be due to the fact that application rates for systemic insecticides are based on amount of product per inch of trunk diameter or circumference. As the DBH of a tree increases, the amount of vascular tissue, leaf area and biomass that must be protected by the insecticide increases expo- nentially. Consequently, for a particular appli- cation rate, the amount of insecticide applied as a function of tree size is proportionally decreased as trunk diameter increases. Hence, the DBH-based application rates that effectively protect relatively small trees can be too low to effectively protect large trees. Some systemic insecticide products address this issue by increasing the application rate for large trees. In an OSU study with larger trees (15- to 22 -Inch DBH), XyteCtTM dacloprid) soil drenches prov' cled consistent control of EAB when applied experimentally at twice the rate that was allowed at that time. Recently, the XyteCtTM label was modified to allow the use of this higher rate, which we now recommend when treating trees larger than I 5 -inch DBH. MentO lacloprid formulations, however, are not labeled for application at th I s h I gh rate. Therefore, when treating trees greater than I 5 -inch DBH with MeritO soil treatments, two applications are recommended, either in the fall and again in the spring, or twice in the spring, about four weeks apart (for example in late April and again in late May). This is not an option for Bayer Advanced TM Tree and Shrub Insect Control and other INSECTICIDE OPTIONS FOR PROTECTING ASH TREES FROM EMERALD ASH BORER homeowner formulations of imidacloprid, which are limited by the label to one applica tion per year. Homeowners wishing to prote trees larger than 15 -inch Di H shouldcon- sid d er having their trees professionally treate I Treatment programs must comply with any limits specified on the label regarding the maximum amount of insecticide that can be applied per acre during a given year. I ........... , J In several inten- sive studies conducted by MSU and ®SU researchers, a single injection of emamectin benzoate in mid-May or early June pro- vided excellent control of EAB for at least two years, even under high pest pressure. For example, in a highly -replicated study conducted on trees ranging in size from 5 - to 20 -inch ®BH at three sites in Michigan, untreated trees had an average of 68 to 132 EAB larvae per M2 of bark surface, which represents high pest pressure. In contrast, trees treated with emamectin benzoate had, on average, only 0.2 larvae per m2, a reduc- tion of > 99 percent. When additional trees were felled and debarked two years after the emamectin benzoate injection, there were still virtually no larvae in the treated trees, while adjacent, untreated trees at the same sites had hundreds of larvae. In two OSU studies conducted in Toledo with street trees ranging in size from 15 - to 25 -inch DBH, a single application of emamectin benzoate also provided excel- lent control for two years. There was no sign of canopy decline in treated trees and very few emergence holes, while the canopies of adjacent, untreated trees exhibited severe decline and extremely high numbers of emer- gence holes. One study suggests that a single injection o emamectin benzoate may even control EAB for three years. Additional studies to further evaluate the long-term effectiveness of emamectin benzoate are underway. To date this is the only product that controls EAB fo more than one year with a single applicatio In addition, in side-bde comparisons wit other systemic products (neon I coti noids), emarnectin benzoate was more effective. W„ a� EAB larvae damage the vascular system of the tree as they feed, which interferes with movement of systemic insecticides in the Studies to date indicate that systemic basal trunk sprays with dinotefuran are about as effective as imiclacloprid treatments. MSU and OSU studies have evaluated residues in leaves from trees treated with the basal trunk spray. Results show that the dinotefuran effectively moved into the trees and was translocated to the canopy at rates similar to those of other trunk -injected insecticides, and faster than other soil -applied neonicotinold products. As with imiclacloprid treatments, control of EAB with dinotefuran has been variable in research trials. In an MSU study conducted in 2007 and 2008, dinotefuran trunk sprays reduced EAB larval density by approxi- mately 30 percent to 60 percent compared to the heavily infested untreated trees. The treatment was effective for only one year and would have to be applied annually. In general, control is better and more consistent in smaller trees than in large trees, but more research is needed with larger trees. Studies to address the long-term effectiveness of annual dinotefuran applications for control of EAB are underway. WM MSU studies have shown that applications of OnyXTM, Tempo@ and Sevin@ SL provided good control of EAB, especially when the insecticides were applied in late May and again In early July. Acephate sprays were less effective. BotaniGardO (Beauvaria basslana) was also ineffective under high pest pres- sure. Astro@ (permethrin) was not evaluated against EAB in these tests, but has been effective for controlling other species of wood borers and bark beetles. In another MSU study, spraying Tempo@ just on the foliage and upper branches or spraying the entire tree were more effective than simply spraying just the trunk and large branches. This suggests that some cover sprays may be especially effective for con- trolling EAB adults as they feed on leaves in the canopy. A single, well-timed spray was also found to provide good control of EAB, although two sprays may provide extra assurance given the long period of adult EAB activity. It should be noted that spraying large trees is likely to result in a considerable amount of insecticide drift, even when conditions are ideal. Drift and potential effects of insecti- cides on non -target organisms should be considered when selecting options for EAB control. Production and distribution of this bulletin were supported in part by cooperative agree- ments from the U.S. Department of Agricul- ture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA -APHIS) and the U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area, Forest Health Protection. This bulletin may not necessarily express the views of the USDA. INSECTICIDE OPTIONS FOR PROTECTING ASH TREES FROM EMERALD ASH BORER Insecticides can effectively protect ash trees from EAB. Unnecessary insecticide applications waste money. If EAB has not been detected within 10-15 miles, your trees are at low risk. Be aware of the status of EAB in your location. Current maps of known EAB populations can be found at Remember, however, that once a county is quarantined, maps for that county are no longer updated. Trees that are already infested and showing signs of canopy decline when treatments are initiated may continue to decline in the first year after treatment, and then begin to show improvement in the second year due to time lag associated with vascular healing. Trees exhibiting more than 50 percent canopy decline are unlikely to recover even if treated. Emamectin benzoate is the only product tested to date that controls EAB for more than one year with a single application. It also provided a higher level of control than other products ide studies. in side-by-side stud' Soil drenches and injections are most effective when made at the base of the trunk. Imiclacloprid applications made in the spring or the fall have been shown to be equally effective. Soil injections should be no more than 2-4 inches deep, to avoid placing the insecticide beneath feeder roots. To facilitate uptake, systemic trunk and soil insecticides should be applied when the soil is moist but not saturated or excessively dry. Research and experience suggest that effectiveness of insecti- cides has been less consistent on larger trees. Research has not been conducted on trees larger than 25 -Inch DBH. When treating very large trees under high pest pressure, it may be necessary to consider combining two treatment strategies. XyteCtTM soil treatments are labeled for application at a higher maximum rate than other imiclacloprid formulations, and we recommend that trees larger than 15 -inch DBH be treated using the highest labeled rate. MentO imiclacloprid formulations are not labeled for use at this higher rate. When treating larger trees with MeritO soil treatments, best results will be obtained with two applications per year. Imiclacloprid formulations for homeowners (Bayer Advanced Tm Tree & Shrub Insect Control and other generic formulations) can be applied only once per year. Homeowners wishing to protect trees larger than 15 -inch DBH should consider having their trees professionally treated. Treatment programs must comply with any label restrictions on the amount of insecticide that can be applied per acre in a given year. Herms, McCullough, Smitley, Sadof, Williamson, Nixon Attachment 4 ip.II11noIs.edu/Iandturf/insects/ INSECTICIDE OPTIONS FOR PROTECTING ASH TREES FROM EMERALD ASH BORER I M TOM Parks and Recreation Commission FROM: Jim Taylor, Recreation Program Supervisor SUBJECT: Legacy Tot -Lot Naming DATE: October 13, 2010 1. Bruce Vento Legacy Playground 2. Bruce Vento Legacy Tot Park 3. Bruce Vento Legacy Tot Playground Bruce Vento Legacy Park At the August Parks and Recreation Commission meeting the Commission members added to that list. After compiling all of the proposed names we asked each Commission member to rank their top three choices. These names were given a points system based upon the following: 1 st Choice — 3 Point 2 nd Choice- 2 Point 3rd Choice — 1 Point The top three were as follows: 1. Legacy Pines Park 13 Points 2. Pine Tree Legacy Park 8 Points 3. Bruce Vento Legacy Park 7 Points IN A RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends the Parks and Recreation Commission approve a name from the top three to bring to the City Council for final approval. IV I MIAM 12TI17,911MINUM At the April 21, 2010 Park Commission meeting, the commission moved to not support the extension of the lease with Gethsemane Church on a 6 -3 vote. The lease payment that was brought forward to the Parks Commission was $1,800 a month. The Park Commission concerns were two -fold. First, per original purchase agreement, Gethsemane Church had exclusive use during specified times and secondly, the further along the city continued with this lease agreement, the more difficult it would become to severe this lease agreement because of the financial commitment. To that end, stai� is proposing that the monies used for the purchase of this property in the amount of $372,400 come directly from the Park Development Fund. Projects identified in the 2011-2015 will not be impacted by this expenditure. Staff recommends the City Council approve the Purchase Agreement authorizing th purchase of approximately two acres of land from Gethsemane Church for a propose park. The monies in the amount of $372,400 would come directly from the Parl Development Fund. Attachments: 1. Parcel B ® Legal Description and corresponding drawing 2 FIGIA ON"Iffl (Per Commercial Partners Title, LLC, as agent for Chicago Title Insurance Company, Commitment for Title Insurance File No. 29382, dated March 31, 2007) Tract B, Registered Land Survey No. 582, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Torrens Property Torrens Certificate No. 5 38967 Tract B, Registered Land Survey No. 582, files of the Registrar of Titles, Ramsey County, Minnesota, except the south 319.45 feet of the east 274.50 feet of said Tract B. The south 319.45 feet of the east 274.50 feet of Tract B, Registered ,an Survey No. 582, files of the Registrar of Titles, Ramsey County, Minnesota. I IWO, Al 1101 ............. Engineering staff within the Public Works Department received authorization late summer 2010 from the City Council to begin preliminary planning for street and utility improvements for the Western Hills neighborhood. Generally, the area of proposed street improvement is bounded by Roselawn Avenue to the north, 1-35E to the east, Larpenteur Avenue to the south, and Rice Street on the west (see attached map). jtlt a T 0 IN MOV - =-- Challenges associated with park access are the lack of visibility and advertisement for access to th parking stalls from Adolphus Street. The park itself resides in "bowl" area between the 1-35E freeway an the neighborhood. The level of the park is about 25-30 feet lower than the properties to the west, and mo *f the slopes leading down to the base of the park are Hensely wooded. As well, there is no signage on Larpenteur Avenue indicating that there is a park at the end of Adolphus Street. Western Hills Park currently accepts the runoff from about a 28 -acre portion of the Western Hills Neighborhood to the west. There is storm piping that runs through the park and several catch basin structures for capturing runoff coming through the park area. Engineering staff is not aware, at this time, of any drainage issues or complaints associated with this park. However, staff will take the opportunity to reduce flows from the neighborhood going directly into the park. This may include some rain gardens near the street dead ends or possibly some underground storage and treatment to manage runoff and relieve some drainage problems in the neighborhood. rill # -, 111111 ' I I 's � -N-awflil q, A 1 li 1 1�111 111!li • A UTM ® A parking lot with 9 legal stalls and a turnaround area at the north end of Adolphus Street coming from Larpenteur Avenue. On-Str parking on Adolphus Street south of Roselawn Avenue, and Summer Avenue west of Jackson Street. Engineering staff will analyze additional Park parking needs. As part of the -reconstruction of Adolphus Street north of Larpenteur Avenue, staff will also look at repaving the 9 -stall parking lot as part of the public improvement. DISCUSSION — OTHER PROJECT FEATURES With the reconstruction of the Western Hills Streets, staff is also making other considerations for the project as follows: MME 110,1011 r. No formal action is required. Staff requests feedback from Parks and Recreation Commissioners on the project in general and any other thoughts regarding Western Hills Park. Attachments 1. Site Location Map COUNTY / RD. B O C� 35E SKILLMAN AVE. cl) U) V E. ry MT. VERNON C) AVE. 0 cn Y.DOWNSAVE. .72 LJJ JI w Rnl:�Fl AWN 0 0 < BELLWOOD AVE. SUMMER AVE. F 0 ENT N AVE. ''U' SKILLMF 1=11 ESOAAA V E. ry F- .72 LJJ JI w Li < II c/) cn co KINGSTON o AV. 4�4 j Cf) < r. >1 Li NTEUR < 1=11 ESOAAA V E. F- .72 LJJ JI w Li <