HomeMy WebLinkAbout2022-04-18 ENR Packet
AGENDA
CITY OF MAPLEWOOD
ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION
Monday, April 18, 2022
7:00 p.m.
Maplewood City Council Chambers
1803 County Road B East
1. Call to Order
2. Roll Call
3. Approval of Agenda
4. Approval of Minutes:
a. March 21, 2022
5. New Business
a. Friends of Maplewood Nature
b. Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan
6. Unfinished Business
a. Annual Report
1) Solid Waste
2) Sustainability
7. Visitor Presentations
8. Commissioner Presentations
9. Staff Presentations (oral reports)
a. Environmental Commission Conference – April 30
b. Arbor Day Event – May 14
c. Spring Clean Up – May 21
d. Harvest Park Native Seed Garden Pollinator Planting - May 24
e. Waterfest – June 4
f. May ENR Meeting – Climate Action Financing and Project Priorities
10. Adjourn
Agenda Item 4.a.
MINUTES
CITY OF MAPLEWOOD
ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION
MONDAY, MARCH 21, 2022
7:00 P.M.
(THIS MEETING WAS HELD REMOTELY VIA ZOOM AND CONFERENCE CALL)
1.CALL TO ORDER
Chairperson Dosser called a meeting of the Environmental and Natural Resources
Commission to order at 7:00 p.m.
2.ROLL CALL
Emma Broadnax, CommissionerPresent
Rebecca Bryan, Vice ChairpersonPresent
Kayla Dosser, ChairpersonPresent
Benjamin Guell, CommissionerAbsent
Mollie Miller, CommissionerPresent
Ann Palzer, CommissionerPresent
Ted Redmond, CommissionerPresent
Staff Present
Shann Finwall, Environmental Planner
3.APPROVAL OF AGENDA
Commissioner Miller moved to approve the agenda.
Seconded by Vice-Chair BryanAyes – All
The motion passed.
4.APPROVAL OF MINUTES
r moved to approve the February 22, 2022, ENR Commission meeting
Commissioner Mille
minutes.
Seconded by Vice-Chair Bryan Ayes – Bryan, Dosser, Miller, Palzer,
Redmond
Abstain - Broadnax
The motion passed.
5.NEW BUSINESS
a.Tennis Sanitation Recycling Collection Annual Review
1)2021Recycling Collection Year End Report
2)2022Recycling Collection Work Plan
Environmental Planner Finwall introduced the report.
Willie Tennis,Ownerand Angela Vaudich, City Liaison introduced themselves and
described the 2021 annual recycling report and 2022 work plan.
TheCommission discussed the following:
Changes to the recycling education tags.
Recycling markets.
Reductionsin recycling tonnages.
Environmental impact analysis.
The Commission thanked Tennis Sanitation representatives for their annual report.
b.Republic Services Trash and Yard Waste Collection Annual Review
1)2021Trash and Yard Waste Collection Year End Report
2)2022Trash and Yard Waste Collection Work Plan
Environmental Planner Finwall introduced the report.
Beverly Mathiason, Municipal Managerand Samahra Hallada, Municipal Services
Administratorintroduced themselves and described the 2021 annual trash and yard
wastereport and 2022 work plan.
TheCommission discussed the following:
Food scrap recycling.
Call center.
Biogas collection at landfills.
Increase in trash tonnages.
The Commission thanked Republic Servicesrepresentatives for their annual report.
6.UNFINISHED BUSINESS
7.VISITOR PRESENTATIONS
None.
8.COMMISSIONERPRESENTATIONS
None.
9.STAFFPRESENTATIONS
Environmental Planner Finwall updated the Commission on the following events:
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a.ENR Commission Meeting Format – In Person Beginning April
b.Arbor Day Event – May 14
c. Spring Clean Up – May 21
d.Harvest Park Native Seed Garden Pollinator Planting - May 24
e.Waterfest – June 4
10.ADJOURNMENT
Commissioner Miller made a motion to adjourn the meeting.
Seconded by Commissioner Broadnax Ayes – All
The motion passed.
Chairperson Dosser adjourned the meeting at 8:15 p.m.
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Agenda Item 5.a.
ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONSTAFF REPORT
Meeting Date April 18, 2022
REPORT TO:
Environmental and Natural Resources Commission
REPORT FROM:
Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner
PRESENTER:Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner
AGENDA ITEM:
Friends of Maplewood Nature
Action Requested:MotionDiscussionPublic Hearing
Form of Action:ResolutionOrdinanceContract/AgreementProclamation
Policy Issue:
T he Friends of Maplewood Nature was formed in 2007 as a nonprofit 501(c)(3). Their mission is to
protect and enhance the Maplewood Nature Center and preserves.
Recommended Action:
Representatives of the Friends of Maplewood Nature will be present at the April 18, 2022,
Environmental and Natural Resources Commission to introduce the Commission to their work and
discuss possible partnerships.
Fiscal Impact:
Is There a Fiscal Impact?NoYes, the true or estimated cost is$.00
Financing source(s):Adopted BudgetBudget ModificationNew Revenue Source
Use of ReservesOther: n/a
Strategic Plan Relevance:
Community InclusivenessFinancial & Asset MgmtEnvironmental Stewardship
Integrated CommunicationOperational EffectivenessTargeted Redevelopment
The Friends of Maplewood Nature complements tax dollars spent on management of Maplewood
natural Their mission is to:
Connect children with nature, and offer adults practical environmental classes.
Model nature resources and invasive species management, and provide habitat for native
plants, trees, and animals.
Attract prospective home buyers, and attract regional visitors who patronize local businesses.
Provide space for outdoor activities, and provide space to sit quietly with nature.
Background:
The Environmental and Natural Resources Commissionordinance outlines that the Commission will
actively participate and support the mission and goals of the Maplewood Nature Center and
Neighborhood Preserves by promoting environmental awareness through educational programs,
communications,and co-sponsored activities.The Maplewood Nature Center was established in
1979 to provide natural history and environmental programs for the citizens ofMaplewood. It also
serves
The mission of the
Nature Center is to enhance awareness of land, water, and wildlife resources, and to empower the
community to become stewards of the environment.
In 2020 the Nature Center was closed due to Covid-19 concerns. In 2021 the City formed the new
Parks and Natural Resources Department made up of park and environmental staff. The new
department is housed out of the Nature Centerand is working with various partners to offer
environmental education and events at the Nature Center. Now more than ever the Friends of
Attachments:
1.Friends of Maplewood Nature Brochure
2.Parks and Natural Resources Department Brochure
Links:
1.Friends of Maplewood Nature: www.friendsofmaplewoodnature.com
2.Maplewood Nature Center Programs and Events: www.maplewoodmn.gov/971/programs-
events
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Attachment 1
Attachment 2
The Parks and Natural Resources Department includes 10
full time staff that work in two different locations and have
duties that cover park planning and maintenance, forestry,
special events, environmental education and more.
Highlights of What We Do Include:
MAPLEWOOD NATURE CENTER
2659 East 7th St
•Park and open space improvement projects
•Facilitate recreation programming with
community partners
•Special events
•
•Manage the City’s residential solid waste
program
•Coordinate Green Step Cities
•Climate and energy planning
•Manage Edgerton Community Gardens
•Review and inspect developments for
environmental compliance
•Coordinate EAB boulevard ash tree
replacement plantings
PARK MAINTENANCE BUILDING
•Coordinate deer removal program –USDA
1810 County Rd B E
and Metro Bowhunters
•Natural resources and environmental
educational programs
•Staff liaisons to the ENR and PRC
Commissions
•
•Pick up trash weekly throughout the parks
system
Fun Facts!
•
parks and 15 preserves/open space
•
•
•
•
•We will be using goats for invasive plant management around City Hall in 2022
•The Green Heron trail loop at the Nature Center is just shy of 1 mile long
•
•
Agenda Item 5.b.
ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSIONSTAFF REPORT
Meeting Date April 18, 2022
REPORT TO:
Environmental and Natural Resources Commission
REPORT FROM: Carole Gernes, Natural Resources Coordinator
PRESENTER:
Carole Gernes, Natural Resources Coordinator
AGENDA ITEM: Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan
Action Requested: Motion Discussion Public Hearing
Form of Action: Resolution Ordinance Contract/Agreement Proclamation
Policy Issue:
The City’s Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan banned the use of chemical treatments to prevent
infestation of high value specimen trees on City property. More information is now available to
support the use of selected chemicals on a limited number of specimen ash trees on City property.
Recommended Action:
Motion to recommend an update to the Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan, allowing the limited
use of specific pesticides for specimen ash trees on City property.
Fiscal Impact:
Is There a Fiscal Impact? No Yes, the true or estimated cost is $.00
Financing source(s): Adopted Budget Budget Modification New Revenue Source
Use of Reserves Other: n/a
Strategic Plan Relevance:
Community InclusivenessFinancial & Asset MgmtEnvironmental Stewardship
Integrated Communication Operational Effectiveness Targeted Redevelopment
Adding the use of chemicals to preserve specimen ash trees on a limited basis will preserve a tree
on site until a newly planted tree can grow to take its place. It will also preserves the ash tree until
EAB numbers and threat has been reduced.
Background:
In 2011 the City adopted the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Management Plan. The plan states “high
value ash trees can be preserved from EAB with consistent treatments over time.” However, the
use of chemical treatments as a tool for managing EAB on Maplewood property was banned.
Details outlining toxicity of Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid, and Emamectin benzoate, a non-neonic
pesticide were outlined in the document, but a second non-neonic, Azadirachtin (TreeAzin) was not
discussed.
The City currently employs all other management tools recommended in the plan for our EAB
infestation. Staff has completed a tree inventory, actively monitors and inspects ash trees, removes
infested or declining trees, has partnered with the Minnesota Department of Agriculture for EAB
Biocontrol releases, and has secured funding for EAB management.
The Parks and Recreation Commission identified a large green ash near the Wakefield Park
Community Building as a specimen tree worthy of saving. Adding careful chemical treatment to our
EAB management toolbox would allow treatment of the Wakefield Park ash tree.
Staff recommends adding non-neonic chemical treatment to the management toolbox for limited
specimen trees on City property, to be used away from water and under an abundance of caution.
Attachments:
Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan
Risk to Bees from TreeAzin® Systemic Insecticide Injections for Emerald Ash Borer
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Attachment 1
EmeraldAshBorerManagementPlan
CityofMaplewood,Minnesota
May3,2011
I.Purpose
ThepurposeofthismanagementplanistoaddressandplanfortheeventualinvasionofEmeraldAsh
Borer(EAB)intoMaplewoodurbanforests.Thegoalofthisplanistoslowthespreadoftheinfestation
througheducation,inspection,andstrategicmanagement.Bydefiningandbeginningmanagement
nowwehopetolessendisruptiontooururbanforest,stretchthemanagementcostsassociatedwith
EABoveralongerperiodoftime,andcreateanatmosphereofEABawarenesstodetectaninfestation
asearlyaspossible.
II.Applicability
ThisplanisapplicabletoallpubliclandinMaplewoodandallprivatepropertieswhereEABmay
negativelyimpactpublicareasorgenerallythreatentheoverallhealthofağƦƌĻǞƚƚķƭurbanforest.
III.Administration
ağƦƌĻǞƚƚķƭCityForesterandNaturalResourcesCoordinatorwillberesponsibleforimplementing
thisprogram,withsupportfromParksandRecreationDepartmentandPublicWorksDepartment.
IV.EABBackground
EmeraldAshBorer(EAB)isanonnativebeetlethatcauseswidespreaddeclineanddeathofashtrees.
ThelarvalstageofEABfeedsonthetissuebetweenthebarkandthesapwood,disruptingthe
transportofnutrientsandwaterinthetrees.Ifinfestationishighenoughinanindividualtree,the
damagewillbesevereenoughtokillthetree.EABhasdestroyedmillionsofashtreesinotherstates.
(SeeAppendicesA,B,andCformoreinformation.)
V.EABStatusinMinnesota
In2009,EABwasfoundinsouthernMinnesotaandinSt.Paul.TheinfestationinSt.PaulwasintheSt.
AnthonyareaandontheUniversityofMinnesotaSt.PaulCampus.SubsequentlyEABwasfoundin
Minneapolis,intheTowerHillandProspectParkareas.Themetroinfestationsareabout1mileapart.
TheMinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture(MDA),MinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesand
UniversityofMinnesotahavehelpedcoordinatetheresponsetotheinfestationandeducation.InSt.
Paulthisincludedashtreeremovalintheinfestedareasaswellaspreemptiveremovalofashin
selectedneighborhoods.In2010,theMDAreleasedbiologicalcontrolagents(threespeciesofwasps)
atthesiteofthesouthernMNinfestation.TheMDAplanstodoareleaseinthemetroareain2011.
VI.EABManagementStrategies
WhenEABwasfirstfoundinMinnesota,itwasbelievedthatwewouldeventuallyloseallashtreesin
Minnesota.ButEABmayspreaddifferentlyinMinnesotathanithasinotherstates,sinceitappears
thatwehavefounditrelativelyearlyintheinfestation.SLAM(SlowAshMortality)isanapproachto
EABthatfocusesonslowingashtreemortalitythroughintegratedmanagementstrategies.Itmay
involveacombinationofmonitoringforEAB,preemptiveremovalofashtrees,insecticidetreatment,
andbiologicalcontrol.SlowingthespreadofEABandslowingashtreemortalityenablesustospread
managementcostsoveralongertimeperiod.Inaddition,withbiologicalcontrolnowapossibility,the
outlookforashinMinnesotacouldbedifferentthaninitiallypredicted.
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VIΑ1EABManagement:TreeInventory
AtreeinventoryisthefoundationofanEABplanandprovidesthebaselinedataforaĭźƷǤƭurban
forestryprogram.Thedatacanalsobeusedtotrackmanagementofindividualtrees,similartothe
wayacitytracksinfrastructuremaintenance(ex:stormsewerstructures).
In2010,MaplewoodhiredS&STreeSpecialiststoconductacompleteinventoryforpark(not
preserve)treesincludinglocation,species,diameter,andhealth.Onlymanicuredareasofparkswere
inventoried.Maplewoodparkshave2507trees,484ofwhichareash(19.3%).In2010,staff
inventoriedasamplingofboulevardtrees.Theprotocolbeingusedrequiresweinventoryaminimum
of2000boulevardtreesinordertoestimatehowmanytreeswehaveonboulevards.Thissampling
willbecompletedin2011.
Theboulevardsamplingandthecompleteparktreeinventoryprovidedatathatenablesusto
understandthepotentialfinancial,aesthetic,andecologicalimpactsofEABinMaplewood.Buta
completeboulevardtreeinventory,withinformationonthehealthofeachtree,isrequiredforthecity
tostrategicallytargetindividualtreesfortreatmentorremoval,andtomakeplantingdecisionsthat
ensuretreediversity.
Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthecityhireacontractortodoacompleteinventoryofboulevard
trees.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthatstaffconductinformalinventoriesonafewnaturalareasin
thecitytoobtainsomebasicinformationabouttheashpopulationinforestedareas.
VIΑ2EABManagement:Inspection,Detection,andMonitoring
Thegoalofdetectionistofindinfestationsasearlyaspossible.Onceaninfestationcenterisfound,
weneedtodeterminethedurationandouterboundariesoftheinfestation.Manypeopleshouldbe
involvedindetection.
1.CityForester.Maplewoodcontractsaparttimeforestertoinspectpropertiesforoakwiltand
DutchElmDisease.TheŅƚƩĻƭƷĻƩƭcontractshouldbeexpandedtoincludeEABdetectionand
inspection.Inaddition,theCityForestershouldbethepersonresponsiblefordelineatingthe
infestationboundaries.
2.CityStaff.CitystaffneedtobekeyplayersindetectingEAB.Itisrecommendedthatstaffatthe
naturecenterandparksandpublicworkscrewmembersundergoEABtrainingsotheycanhelp
monitortheashtreesintheareaswheretheywork.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthatEAB
trainingbeprovidedforallemployeesinterestedinlearningabouttheinsectanditsthreat.
3.ResidentsandtheMaplewoodTreeHotline.ResidentswilloftenbefirsttodetectEABonprivate
lands.IftheyhaveatreewithsuspectedEAB,theyareencouragedtoreviewEABinformation
onlineand/orcalltheMaplewoodTreeHotline.Thecityforesterrespondstoallcallsanddoesa
sitecheckifheĭğƓƷruleoutEABduringthephoneconversation.
4.ArrestThePestHotline.ThestatemaintainsanArrestthepesthotline.Citizenscancallthe
hotlinetoreportasuspectedincidenceofEAB.
5.MinnesotaForestPestFirstDetectorNetwork.ThefirstdetectornetworkistheƭƷğƷĻƭearly
warningsystemforinvasivetreepests.FirstdetectorscanhelpverifythepresenceofEAB.
6.MinnesotaTreeCareAdvisors.Thetreecareadvisorprogramisanetworkoftrained,community
basedvolunteerswhopromoteurbanandcommunityforestrytoallresidentsofMinnesota.This
programisrunbytheUniversityofaźƓƓĻƭƚƷğƭDepartmentofForestry.
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7.Citizenmonitoringprogram.SomeMaplewoodresidentshaveexpressedinterestinlearning
moreaboutEmeraldAshBoreranditspotentialimpacttothecityandthelandscapesaroundtheir
homes.ThecityshouldencourageinterestedresidentstoparticipateintheForestPestFirst
DetectorprogramortheMinnesotaTreeCareAdvisorprogramsotheycanhelpthecitywatchfor
EAB.Thecityshouldconsiderpayingthetuitionforresidentsintheseprogramsiftheycommitto
volunteeringhoursforinspectingsitesinthecityforEAB.
8.PurpleTraps.In2010,theMinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculturesetpurpletrapsthroughoutthe
state,includinginMaplewood.ThepurposeofthetrapsistohelptheMDAbetterdeterminethe
extentoftheEABinfestation.ThecityshouldcontinueworkingwiththeMDAtohavethesetraps
setinMaplewood.
VIΑ3EABManagementTreeRemoval
Whenashtreesdieordeclinetheybecomehazardsnearboulevards,buildings,andplayareas.Most
deadtreesandhazardtreeswillneedtoberemoved.Butstrategicremovaloftreesbeforetheydie,
whethertheyareinfestedornot,shouldalsobeapartoftheĭźƷǤƭEABmanagementstrategy.
StrategicremovalhelpsspreadoutremovalandreplantingcostsandmayhelpslowthespreadofEAB.
Thecityshouldusefourremovalstrategies:
1.wĻƒƚǝĻƷƩĻĻƭƷŷğƷķźĻ͵Sometreesmaynotbedetectedearlyintheinfestationprocesssothey
willberemovedwhentheydie.Onboulevardsandinlandscapedareaofparks,alldeadashtrees
shouldberemoved.Innaturalareas,itwillnotbefeasibletoremovealldeadashtreesand
deadfallshouldbeaddressedonasitebysitebasis.Onprivatesites,ownersshouldremovedead
treesthatarehazardoustopeopleorstructures.
2.wĻƒƚǝĻƷƩĻĻƭƷŷğƷğƩĻźƓŅĻƭƷĻķ͵Agooddetectionprogrammustbeinplacetousethisremoval
strategy.Typicallyinfestationcentersarenotdetectedfor35yearsafterinsectsarrivedueto
subtletiesofinitialsignsinthetree.Whenaninfestedtreeisidentified,surroundingtreeswill
needtobesurveyedtodeterminetheextentofinfestationandthenumberoftreesthatwillneed
toberemoved.ThecityshouldconsultwiththeMDAwheninfestationsareinitiallyidentified.
3.wĻƒƚǝĻƷƩĻĻƭƦƩĻĻƒƦƷźǝĻƌǤĬğƭĻķƚƓŷĻğƌƷŷ͵Selectiveremovalofpublicashtreesbasedon
healthconditionshouldbeapartoftheĭźƷǤƭEABstrategy.Inordertousethisstrategythecity
willhavetocompleteaboulevardtreeinventory,includinghealthinformationforeachtree.The
cityhasthisdataforparktrees.Theashtreesthatwouldbeconsideredforremovalinclude:
a.UnhealthyƷƩĻĻƭΓźƓǝĻƓƷƚƩźĻķtreesthathaveaconditionratingoffourorless(outoften).
b.Treesthatareunsafeduetopoorhealthorstructureandarelocatedwheretheyarelikely
todamagepeopleand/orproperty(hazardtrees).
c.Treesthatareinconflictwithutilities.
d.Treesthatarepoorlylocatedand/orrequireexcessivemaintenance.
Ifseveraltreeswillberemovedpreemptivelyfromaparkoraneighborhood,thefullsiteimpacts
shouldbeconsideredpriortoremoval.
4.wĻƒƚǝĻƷƩĻĻƭƦƩĻĻƒƦƷźǝĻƌǤźƓğƓğƩĻğ.Preemptiveremovalbyareamaybeappropriatein
situationssuchas:
a.Whenalargepopulationofashtreesisnearanexistinginfestationandtherearea
significantnumberoftreesinpoorcondition.
b.Inconjunctionwithapublicworksprojectifthehealthofashtreesonastreetwouldbe
negativelyimpactedbytheprojectandmakethemmoresusceptibletoEAB.
c.InconjunctionwithadjacentcitiesorregionalstrategiestomanageEAB.
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Apriorityremovallistshouldbedevelopedandrevisedregularly.Intargetingtreesforremoval,the
followingshouldalsobeconsidered:
1.Proximityofashtreeremovalstocurrentinfestationcentersandtheiranticipatedspread.
2.Thenumberoftreesinpoorconditionthatarelocatedneareachother.
3.Spreadingoutremovalcostsoverseveralyears.
VIΑ4EABManagement:PesticideTreatment
InsecticidesareavailableformanagingEAB.Whentimedappropriately,thesetreatmentscancreatea
toxicenvironmentfortheEmeraldAshBorer,killingdispersingadultsaswellaseggsandlarvae.High
valueashtreescanbepreservedfromEABwithconsistenttreatmentsovertime.Therearetwo
primarymethodsofpesticideapplicationforEAB:soildrenchingandtrunkinjection.Insoildrenching,
theinsecticideisappliedtothesoilunderthetreecanopyandthetreerootstakeitin.Intrunk
injection,aholeisdrilledintothetreetrunkandthechemicalisinjectedintothetissuesunderthe
bark.Witheithermethod,thechemicalisdispersedthroughoutthetree.Emeraldashborers(and
otherinsects)feedingonthetreeingestthechemicalandarekilled.
ThecityhasdeterminedthatitwillnotpermittheuseofpesticidestocontrolEmeraldAshBoreron
cityland,includingtherightofway,duetonegativeenvironmentalandhealthimpacts.
AppendixCincludesreferencesonEABinsecticides.AppendixDcontainsamemoand
documentationfromağƦƌĻǞƚƚķƭEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesCommissionregardingthe
impactsofEABinsecticides.
Thecityshallencouragepropertyownerstocarefullyevaluateenvironmentalimpactsbeforeusing
pesticidestotreatEABonprivateproperty.OwnersthatdecidetouseEABpesticidesareurgedtouse
trunkinjectionratherthansoildrenching,whichwillhelpreducepesticidedriftandreduceimpactsto
groundwaterandsurfacewater.
VI5
EABManagement:BiologicalControl
TheMinnesotaDepartmentofAgricultureconsidersbiologicalcontrolthebestoptionofcost
effective,longtermmanagementofEAB.In2010,theMDAreleasedwaspsthatkillEABeggsorlarvae
inHoustonCounty,insoutheastMinnesota.Thisreleasewillbemonitoredtodetermineitsefficacy.
TheMDAplanstodoareleaseinspring2011neartheinfestationinMinneapolisandSt.Paul.
AppendixEcontainsinformationonbiologicalcontrolforEAB.IfbiologicalcontrolforEABproves
effective,thecityshouldcoordinatewiththeMDAforreleaseofthesebiocontrolagentsin
Maplewood.
VIΑ6EABManagement:WoodDisposalandUtilization
EABcanspreadthroughtransportationofashǞƚƚķΓźƓlogs,treewaste,chipsorfirewood.
RestrictingthemovementofashwoodcanhelpslowthespreadofEAB.RamseyCountyandselected
countiesinMinnesotaareunderanashquarantinewhichprohibitsmovementofashoutofthe
county.Thequarantinerestrictsmovementoffirewoodofalldeciduousspecies.Businessesthat
needtomovetherestricteditemsacrosscountylinesmayapplyforComplianceAgreementthat
indicateshowtheywilltreattheregulatedarticlestomitigatethespreadofEAB.
Iflargenumbersofashdie,itisessentialtolookforwaystodisposeoforutilizeashwood.
Informationcontinuestobepublishedonpotentialmarketsforurbanwoodutilization.Possibleuses
forashwoodincludefuel(biomassenergychips),mulch,pulpwood,andsawlogs.Thecityshould
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identifylocaloptionsfordisposalandwoodutilization.Inaddition,thecityshouldseekpartnerships
withnearbycitiesfordisposalandutilization.
VIΑ7EABManagement:Replanting
Thelossofashinoururbanforestwillhaveavisualandecologicalimpact.Itisrecommendedthatat
leastonetreebeplantedforeverytreeremovedorlosttoEAB.Increaseddiversityshouldbeakey
elementinourreplantingprogram.Therearedifferentmodelsforboulevardtreediversity.For
example,DaveHansonfromtheUniversityofMinnesotapromotesthe102030rule:plantnomore
than10%ofanyspecies,20%ofanygenus,and30%ofanyfamily.Priortomovingforwardwith
replanting,thecityshoulddevelopaTreeMasterPlanthatsetsgoalsforoururbanforest,ensures
diversityoftreespecieswithinneighborhoods,identifiesappropriatetreespecies,andaddresses
plantingandcareguidelines.
ağƦƌĻǞƚƚķƭTreeRebateprogramprovidesacostsharematchforresidentstoplanttreesonprivate
land.Itisrecommendedthatthecitycontinuefundingthisprogramand,ifneeded,adjustthe
programsoitsupportsresidentsinreplantingafterashremoval.
VIIEducationandOutreach
EducationandoutreachareessentialcomponentsoftheEABManagementPlan.Thecityshall
developanEABeducationandoutreachprogramthat:
1.EducatesresidentssotheyunderstandthethreatsofEAB,knowwhattolookfor,knowwhattodo
whentheyfindEABoradecliningashtree,understandreplantingandcareoftrees,andcanmake
informeddecisionsforashtreesontheirproperty.
2.EducatesparksandpublicworksstaffsotheycanrecognizesignsandsymptomsofEAB
infestation.
3.Usesdiverseforumsforeducationincluding:publicprograms,website,articlesincity
publications,handouts,publicserviceannouncements,etc.
4.Providesadvancenotificationtoaneighborhoodorhomeownerofashtreemanagementthatwill
occurintheirarea.
5.Provideseducationalandothersupporttoresidentsthatwishtoformneighborhoodgroupsto
detectandmanageEABintheirneighborhood.
6.DevelopspartnershipwithgroupssuchasTreeCareAdvisors.
VIIIOrdinanceandPolicy
CitycodeshouldbereviewedandrevisedtoaccountforEAB.Twosectionsofcodeinparticularmay
needrevision:
1.Section38,ArticleI.Thissectionprohibitsplantinginthepublicrightofway.Ifwehavemajor
lossesofboulevardtreesourordinanceshouldallowforandencouragereplacement.Staffand
CommunityDesignReviewBoardshouldreviewthispolicyandmakerecommendationstocouncil.
2.Section38,ArticleII.ThissectioncoverstheĭźƷǤƭtreediseaseinspectionprogram.Itallowsthe
citytocontrolandeliminateDutchelmdiseasefungusandelmbarkbeetlesandͻƚƷŷĻƩepidemic
diseasesofshadeƷƩĻĻƭ͵ͼItstatesthatthecitymayenterpropertiestoinspectforepidemictree
diseases.Propertyownersarerequiredtoabatetreesthataredeclaredanuisance.This
ordinanceshallberevisedtoincludeemeraldashborerasatreepest.Inaddition,guidelinesshall
bedevelopedtoidentifyappropriateabatementactions.Forexample,intheearlystagesofEAB
infestationinMaplewood,thecitymayneedtorequirethathomeownersremoveinfestedashto
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helpslowthespread.But,onceEABiswidespreadinthecity,itmaybecomeimpracticalto
requireremovalofallinfestedtrees.
Inaddition,thecityshoulddevelopaStreetTreeMasterPlanandpolicythataddresses:
1.Goalsforstreettrees;
2.Guidelinesanddesigntemplatesforspeciesdiversity;
3.Listofappropriatespecies;
4.Guidelinesforplantingandcare.
IXLicencing/permitting
AspartofEABmanagement,thecityshouldreviewrequirementsfortreecontractorslicensedinthe
cityanddeterminewhetherrevisionsarenecessary.
XFunding
FundingwillbeneededtoimplementtheEABmanagementplan.Primarycostsinclude:
1.Boulevardtreeinventory(estimate:$25,000$32,000);
2.CityforesterΑincreasedhoursfordetectionandinspection.ağƦƌĻǞƚƚķƭcityforesteris
contractedfor150170hoursperyear,primarilytoinspectpublicandprivatepropertiesforoak
wiltandDutchElmdisease.WewillneedasignificantincreaseinforesterhoursonceEABisfound
inMaplewood.
3.Treeremoval(stafforcontractors);
4.Pesticidetreatmentofselectedtrees,ifapprovedaspartoftheEABplan(stafforcontractors);
5.Educationandpublicoutreach(staffandcityforester);
6.Replanting(staff,contractors,volunteers).
EstimatedcostforremovalandreplantingashtreesatMaplewoodparksis$193,600to$290,400.
Thisisbasedon484ashtrees,withremovalcostsof$200$250pertreeandreplantingcostsof$200
to$350pertree.Whilesmallertreesestablishwellandcatchupinsizetolargertreesinafewyears,
itisthoughtthatplantinglargertreesonboulevardsandinpublicplaceshelpsreducevandalismand
accidentalinjuryoftrees.Whenthesamplinginventoryofboulevardtreesiscompletedin2011,we
willbeableestimateremovalandreplantingcostsforboulevardtrees.
MaplewoodwillneedtosecurefundingforEABmanagement.
1.Grants.Currentlythereisnolongtermgrantfundingdedicatedtoassistingcommunitiesin
MinnesotatomanageEAB.AninitialroundofgrantswasavailableforEABplanningand
management.Maplewoodwillneedtostayinformedongrantopportunities.Tobecompetitive,
itwillbehelpfultostrengthentheĭźƷǤƭurbanforestryprogram.HavinganEABplan,atree
inventory,andastreettreepolicywillallbelookedatinapositivelight.
2.Generallevyorfees.ThecitywilllikelyneedtousesomegeneraloperatingfundsforEAB
managementandmayneedtoconsideradditionalfees.St.Paulproposeda2%surchargeon
rightofwayratesdedicatedtoEABmanagement.
3./źƷǤƭtreefund.TheĭźƷǤƭtreefundcouldbeusedtocompletetheboulevardtreeinventoryand
forsometreeplanting.Butthisfundingwillnotgofar,anditspurposeisnottocontroltree
diseaseandpests.
4.Treedonations.Thefundingpackageshouldalsoconsideratreedonationprogram.Currently
FriendsoftheParksandTrails(St.PaulandRamseyCounty)hastreedonationandTributeTree
programsthatservecitiesinRamseyCounty,includingMaplewood.Publicizingtheseprograms,or
6
creatingourowndonationprogram,willhelpprovideplantmaterialandfundsforplantingtrees
atparks.
XISummaryofActionsNeeded
1.Conductinventoryofboulevardtrees.
2.Developdetailsforstrategicremovalandreevaluatetheplanfrequently.
3.Developstrategiesfordisposalorutilizationofash.
4.Developandprovideeducationalandoutreachmaterialsforresidents.
5.EducatestaffinparksandpublicworkstorecognizeEAB.
6.ImplementprogramforvolunteerstohelpdetectEABinMaplewood.
7.ReviewandrevisetreediseaseordinancetoincludeEABasaforestpestthatshouldbe
controlledonprivateland.
8.DevelopaTreeMasterPlanthatincludesgoalsforstreetandparktrees,guidelinesforspecies
diversity,listsofappropriatespecies,guidelinesforplantingandcare.
9.SecurefundingforEABmanagement.
Appendices:
A.PestAlertΑEmeraldAshBorer
B.DoIHaveEAB?
C.EABReferences
D.PesticideImpacts
E.BiologicalControlforEAB
F.WhatareothermetrocommunitiesdoingtomanageEAB?
7
Appendix A
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foujsf!usff!up!ejf/!Ufot!pg!njmmjpot!pg!bti!usfft!jo!gpsftu-!svsbm-!boe!vscbo!bsfbt!ibwf!bmsfbez!cffo!
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jo!uif!pvufs!tbqxppe!ps!jo!uif!cbsl!po!uijdl.cbslfe!usfft/!Qvqbujpo!cfhjot!jo!
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mbuf!Bqsjm!ps!Nbz/!Ofxmz!fdmptfe!bevmut!pgufo!sfnbjo!jo!uif!qvqbm!dibncfs!ps!cbsl!gps!2!up!3!
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jogftufe!bti!usfft!uibu!bsf!sfmbujwfmz!ifbmuiz/!Jo!uiftf!usfft-!nboz!B/!qmbojqfoojt!pwfsxjoufs!bt!
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Appendix B
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If no, go to step #7
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If no, go to #6
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6
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Contact the U of M Forest Resources
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Visit the University of Minnesota Extension
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“What’s Wrong With My Plant” website to
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AppendixC:EABReferences
GeneralEABinformation
www.emeraldashborer.info
www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/M1242.html
www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/terrestrialanimals/eab/slideshow.html
MinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture:
General:www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/eab.aspx
Managementstrategies:www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/eab/eabstrategies.aspx
Quarantineinformation:www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/pestmanagement/eab/quarantinefaq.aspx
Biocontrol:www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/eab/biocontrolinsemn.aspx
InsecticidesforEAB:
16pageguide:www.emeraldashborer.info/files/multistate_EAB_Insecticide_Fact_Sheet.pdf
EnvironmentalimpactsofImidacloprid:www.sierraclub.ca/national/programs/health
environment/pesticides/imidaclopridfactsheet.shtml
Impacts:www.emeraldashborer.info/files/Potential_Side_Effects_of_EAB_Insecticides_FAQ.pdf
Homeownerguide:
www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/pestmanagement/~/media/Files/plants/eab/eabtreatmentguide
2.ashx
bƚƷĻΓ/ƚƒƒźƭƭźƚƓĻƩGinnyYinglinghasassembledseveraltechnicalarticlesonEABinsecticidesand
staffcanmaketheseavailable.
AppendixD:4/18/11MemofromEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesCommission
To:MaplewoodCityCouncil
From:MaplewoodEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesCommission
Date:April18,2011
Re:ConcernsregardinguseofchemicaltreatmenttoaddresspotentialEmeraldAshBorerinfestations.
AtitsMarch2011meeting,theMaplewoodEnvironmentalandNaturalResources
Commissionpasseda
resolutionstronglyurgingtheCityCouncilnottoallowtheuseofchemicaltreatmentsonashtreesownedby
thecityaspartofitsEmeraldAshBorer(EAB)strategy.Thisdecisionwasbasedonseverallinesofreasoning:
1.Suchtreatments,oncebegun,mustcontinueforthelifeofthetree,atpotentiallyconsiderable
expensetothecity.
2.Damagetothetreesasaresultofinjectingthechemicals(theenvironmentallyͻƦƩĻŅĻƩƩĻķͼapproach)
islikelytoreducethelifeofthetreesanyway.
3.Financialresourcesusedfortreatmentwouldbebetterspentinmitigationstrategies,suchasthinning
ofashtreesoncitypropertyandboulevardstoreducetheoverallcoverageofthisspecies(thereby
makingthelargerforestͻƌĻƭƭğƷƷƩğĭƷźǝĻͼforEAB)andpreemptivereplacementwithothertree
species.
4.Chemicaltreatmentsmaypostpone,butultimatelylikelywillnotpreventthelossofmanyashtrees;
butchemicaltreatmentscomewithpotentiallyhighenvironmentalcosts.
Itistheseenvironmentalcoststhatwehaveoutlinedingreaterdetailforyoubelow(anddescribeineven
greaterdetailwithsupportingdocumentationintheattacheddocument).Thetwomostlikelychemicalstobe
usedagainstEABareimidacloprid(IM)andemamectinbenzoate(EB).Bothofthesechemicalsarehighlytoxic
tovariousbeneficialinsectsandhaveknownandpotentialenvironmentalconsequencesthat,inouropinion,
makethemundesirableforuseinourcity:
Imidacloprid(IM)
1.IMisextremelytoxictohoneybeesandhighconcentrationsofIMarefoundbyresearchersinsap,
pollen,andnectaroftreatedplants.Shorttermexposuretoaslittleas5nanograms(onebillionthofa
gram)resultsin50%mortalityamonghoneybees.
2.Whilepollinationbybeesisnotimportantforashtrees,intheupperMidwestthepollenfromash
treesconstitutenearly40%ofĬĻĻƭpollensourceinApril,whenothersourcesarenotyetavailable.
3.StudieslinkingIMtocollapseofhoneybeepopulationsinEuropehasledItaly,FranceandGermanyto
banitandtheEUtoscheduleźƷƭphasingout.
4.IMisalsoverytoxictobeneficialpredatorinsectssuchasladybirdbeetlesandlacewings,toaquatic
insectssuchasmayfliesandcaddisflies,andtoearthworms.
5.StudiessuggestLaƭuseintreesmayactuallypromoteinfestationsbyunwantedinsects,suchas
spidermites.Thesestudiesindicatesuchinfestationsareduenotonlytotheeliminationofbeneficial
insectsthatpreyonthemites,butalsoasaresultofthechemicalscausinggreatereggproductionby
themitesthemselves.
6.Leavesfromsystemicallytreatedashandmapletreeswerefoundtoinhibitfeedingofdecomposer
organisms,suchasearthwormsandaquaticinvertebrates.
7.IMishighlysolublesoitisfoundinrunofffromagriculturalfields,instreams,andgroundwater
throughoutNorthAmerica.
8.Atconcentrationsfoundintheenvironment,aquaticinsectcommunitiesshowreducedpopulations
andbiodiversity.
9.Onceappliedtoatree,eitherbysoildrenchorinjection,IMisquicklydetectableinleaves,sap,and
pollen,wherenontargetspeciesmaybeexposedtosignificantconcentrations.
10.Thebreakdownproducts,ormetabolitesofIM,areoftenmoretoxicthanIMitself.
Emamectinbenzoate(EB)
1.EBisextremelytoxictobutterfliesandmothsanddoesnotdistinguishbetweenͻŭƚƚķͼandͻĬğķͼ
species.Studieshaveshownitis20to64,000timesmoretoxictobutterflyandmothcatepillarsthan
otherpesticidesusedonthesamecropsasEB.
2.EBisusedinagricultureasatopical(spray)treatmentonavarietyofcropsbecauseithasbeenfound
toberelativelylesstoxictonontargetinsectsthanotherpesticides(otherthanmothsand
butterflies).However,whensprayedontoplants,EBdegradesrapidlyinsunlightlimitingexposureof
nontargetspecies.NostudieswerefoundevaluatingEBstoxicityasasystemicpesticide,soitisnot
knownwhatkindofexposuresoraffectswouldbeexperiencedbynontargetspecieswhenEBisused
inthismanner.
3.EBisalsousedtokillparasiticsealiceinfishfarms.Studiesindicateitmayactasanendocrine
disruptor,causingearlyinductionofmoltinginlobstersandothercrustaceans.Wouldthesamebe
trueincrawfish?Thereisnoinformation.
4.EBappearstobemoderatelytoxictofreshwaterfishsuchasbluegill,troutandfatheadminnow.
5.EBisverytoxictomarinecopepods,butthereisnoinformationregardinghowitwouldaffect
freshwaterinvertebrates.
6.EBtendstobindtosoilorsedimentparticles,makingitlesslikelytoleachtogroundwater,butalso
makingitverypersistentinsoil.Also,runoffcarryingsoilparticlescouldcarryEBtosurfacewaters.
7.ThebiggestconcernisthelackofinformationaboutEBasasystemicpesticideanditspotential
impactsinterrestrialandfreshwaterecosystems.
PesticidessuchasIMandEBhavegainedfavorbecauseoftheirapparentlowtoxicitytomammals,including
humans.Webelievethisisshortsighted.Ourhealthandqualityoflifedependsupontheintegrityofthe
ecosystemsinwhichwelive.Fromourperspectivethelossofcertaininsectspeciesmayseem
inconsequential;fromtheperspectiveofthelargersystemitcanbedevastating.Upsettingthedelicate
balancebetweenpredatorandprey,plantsandpollinators,detritusanddecomposersisoftenconsideredby
ustobearegrettable,butremoteeffectontheͻƌƚǞĻƭƷƚƩķĻƩƭͼoftheanimalworld.Infact,itisakinto
chippingawayatthefoundationofourhome.
Giventhepotentialimpactsofthesechemicalsonourenvironment(andinthecaseofEBthegapingholesin
ourknowledgeregardingitspotentialimpacts),weurgethecitycounciltonotallowtheuseofthemontrees
inourcity.WhilechemicaltreatmentsmayprovideashorttermfixtotheEABproblem,webelievethecity
wouldbebetterservedbytakingaholisticviewofourenvironmentthatconsiderstheindirectconsequences
ofthesetoxicchemicalsandadoptalongterm,preventativeapproachthroughstrategicmanagementofour
forests.
EnvironmentalFateandEcologicalToxicityofChemicalsProposedfor
EmeraldAshBorerTreatments
PreparedfortheMaplewoodEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesCommission
bycommissionmember,GinnyYingling.April17,2011.
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid(IM)isanicotinemimicthatproducestoxicitybybindingtoandoverstimulatingcertainneuron
receptors,disruptingthenervoussystem.Itbindsmuchmorereadilytothesereceptorsininvertebratesthan
vertebrates,givingitahighermarginofsafetyforhumans.Ininsects,thedisruptionofthenervoussystem
resultsinmodifiedfeedingbehavior,paralysisandsubsequentdeath(Mullins,1993).IMisusedagainstawide
varietyofinsectpests,includingAsianlonghornbeetles(mapletrees),potatobeetle,cockroaches,fleason
domesticpets(Advantage®),termites,turfinsects,etc.Whileitonlymoderatelytoxictomammalsandfish,it
isextremelytoxictonontargetbeneficialorganisms,suchashoneybeesandearthworms(Zang,etal.,2000;
Luo,1999),andimportantpredatorinsects,includingladybirdbeetlesandlacewings(Kaakeh,etal.,1996;
MizellandSconyers,1992).SomestudieshavealsoshownthattreatmentwithIMmayresultininfestations
unwantedinsects,suchasspidermites(JamesandPrice,2002;Raupp,etal.,2004;Sclar,etal,1998).
byother,
Theseinfestationsarepromotednotonlybythereductionoreliminationofbeneficialpredatorinsects,but
alsobyincreasedspidermiteeggproductionresultingfromtheirexposuretoIM(JamesandPrice,2002).
IMishighlywatersolubleanddoesnotbindreadilytosoilparticles(Fossen,2006),soitmayreadilyleachinto
1
groundwater.Itisquitepersistentintheenvironment,degradingquiteslowlyinwater(halflife=3146days;
KiddandJames,1991;Tomlin,1997)andsoil(halflife=69Α997days;Sarkar,et.al.,1999;Gupta,etal.,2002;
RobertsandHutson,1999).However,whenexposedtosunlightIMhasashort(3hour)halflifeinsurface
water(Moza,etal,1998;Wamhoff,etal.,1999),soitislesslikelytobefoundinsurfacewatersthan
groundwater.Yet,despiteitsrapiddegradationinsunlight,investigatorsreportdetectingconcentrationsof
0.2,0.4,and1.0partsperbillion(ppb)instreamsinNewYork,NewBrunswickandFlorida,respectively.
as11.9ppbhavebeendetectedinrunofffromagriculturalfieldsinCanada(CCME,
Concentrationsashigh
2007).IMhasbeendetectedinthegroundwaterinNewYorkatconcentrationsupto6.69ppb(USEPA,2003).
SeveralIMbreakdownproductshavebeenshowntobeofequalorgreatertoxicitythantheparentcompound
(Nauenetal,1998).
Despiteitsenvironmentalpersistenceandpresenceinwaters,verylittleisknownaboutLaƭlongterm
chronicandshorttermͻƦǒƌƭĻͼeffectsonnontargetaquaticorganisms.However,instudiesbyKreutzweiser,
1
A half-life is the time it takes for half of the mass of a contaminant to degrade.
etal.(2007and2008),leavesfromashandmapletreestreatedwithIMattypicalfieldratescontained0.8Α
1.3and311partspermillion(ppm)IM,respectively.Theleaveswerethenaddedtoaquaticandforest
microcosmstoevaluatetheeffectonleafshreddinginsects.Whilethereappearedtobenoeffectonthe
źƓǝĻƩƷĻĬƩğƷĻƭsurvivalrates,the1.3ppmandhigherconcentrationscausedsignificantfeedinginhibition
amongaquaticinsectsandearthworms,aswellasmeasurableweightlossintheearthworms.IMapplied
directlytothewateroftheaquaticmicrocosms,tosimulateleachingfromsoils,wasatleast10timesmore
toxictoaquaticinsectsthantheIMintheleaves,withhighmortalityat0.13ppmandsignificantfeeding
inhibitionat0.012ppm.Pestana,etal.(2009)foundthatboththeabundanceandbiodiversityofaquatic
bottomfeedinginvertebrateswasreducedbyexposuretoIMatconcentrationsof2and20ppb.Theyalso
notethatIMistoxictootheraquaticinsects,suchascaddisfliesandmayflies.Mayfliesareparticularly
sensitivewith50%ofthemayfliesdyingwithin24and96hrsofbeingexposedto2.1and0.65ppbIM,
respectively.Prematurematurationandemergenceofmayflies,andimpairedreproductivefitness,occurred
whentheywereexposedtopulsesofIMatconcentrationsofaslittleas0.1ppb(Alexander,etal.,2007and
2008).
IMrapidlymovesthroughplanttissuesafterapplicationsandcanbepresentindetectableconcentrationsin
theleaves,vascularfluids(sap)andpollen.StudieshaveshownplantsgrownfromseedstreatedwithIMcan
havesignificantconcentrations(upto15ppminleavesofyoungseedlings,upto13ppbinpollen)ofIMin
theirsap,pollen,flowers,andleaves(LaurentandRathahao,2003;Rouchaud,etal,1994;Bonmatin,etal.,
2005;Westwood,etal,1998).Asaresult,manynontargetinsects,suchashoneybees,parasiticwasps,and
predaceousgroundbeetlessensitivetoIMmaybeexposedastheyforageforsap,pollenandnectarorfeedon
otherinsectsthathavebeenexposed.
BeesareparticularlysensitivetoIM.Pollenconstitutestheonlyproteinsourceforabeehive,andits
contaminationcaninducebothcontactandoralintoxication.Fiftypercentofbeeswilldieiftheyingestjust5
2
nanograms(ng)ofIMoverashortperiodoftime(acuteexposure),orjust0.01Α1ngoveralongerperiodof
time(chronicexposure).ThesevaluesareoftenreferredtoastheLD50,ortheamountofatoxinthatisa
ͻƌĻƷŷğƌķƚƭĻͼ(LD)to50%oftheexposedorganism(Suchail,etal,1999).Whenbeesforagefornectar,they
oftenbecomecoatedwithpollen.TheLD50forsimplycomingintocontactwithIMcontaminatedpollenis24
ngofIM(Suchail,etal,1999).EveniftheuseofIMisofshortduration(springapplications),theexposurefor
beesinchronic,asbothbeesandtheirlarvaefeedonthestockedcontaminatedpollenandnectar,especially
inthewinterandearlyspring(Bonmatin,etal.,2005).LowdosesofIMandIMmetabolitesalsonegatively
affecthoneybeeforagingandlearningbehavior(Decourtyeetal,2003and2004).
PerhapsthemostcompellingevidenceforthetoxicityofsystemicIMonhoneybeesisanonlinevideoat
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8Nsn4KvjwM.Inthisvideo,researcherscomparetheeffectson
2
A nanogram is one billionth of a gram
honeybeesoffeedingthemsapexpressedfromthebladetipofcornseedlingsgrownfromIMtreatedand
untreatedseeds.Thebeesfedthesapfromthetreatedseedlingsdiedwithin2to5minutes.
AsuseofIMasaseeddressingformulationforvariouscropshasincreased,researchershavenoteda
coincidentalsuddenanddrasticdeclineinhoneybeepopulationsandhoneyproductioninEurope(Colin,etal.,
2004).Whileaconclusivelinkhasnotbeenmade,itissuspectedthatIMhasplayedamajorroleinthese
declines(Bonmatin,etal,2005)andhasledseveralindividualnations(Italy,France,Germany)andtheEUto
banorphaseouttheuseofIM.
Itisoftennotedthatashtreeslargelypollinatebyairbornedispersionoftheirpollen,andthereforedonotrely
heavilyonbeesfortheirpollination,suggestingthatbeeexposuretoashpollen(andany
IMitmaycontain)
maybeminimal.However,ashtreesareoneoftheearliestfloweringtreesintheupperMidwestandbees
relyheavilyonthemasasourceoffoodwhentheyfirstbeginforaginginthespring.Infact,inaPhDthesis
fromWisconsin,Severson(1978)reportsthatashpollenmayconstituteasmuchas39%oftheĬĻĻƭpollen
sourceinmidApril.
EmamectinBenzoate
Emamectinbenzoate(EB)belongstoaclassofpesticidescalledavermectins,whichdisruptthetransmissionof
nerveimpulses,resultinginparalysisanddeathofthetargetorganisms.RecentstudiesalsosuggestthatEB
hastheabilitytoinduceprematuremoltingininsects,suggestingitisalsoanendocrinedisruptor(Bright,et
al.,2005).Avermectinsarebroadspectrumtoxicantsfornematodesandinsects.EBwasdevelopedasa
lepidoptericide,soitisextremelytoxictomothsandbutterflies.ACanadianstudyfoundEBisalsotoxicto
greenalgaeatrelativelylowconcentrations(3.9ppb;OPP,2000).Italsoappearstobemoderatelytoxicto
3
freshwaterfish,suchasbluegill,trout,andfatheadminnow,withLC50valuesof180,174,and194ppbin
water,respectively(OPP,2000).Irreversible,toxiceffectsonmarinecopepodswereobservedatwater
concentrationsaslowas0.12ppbandsignificantreductionineggproductionwasobservedat0.158ppb
(WillisandLing,2003).EBappearstoberelativelynontoxicforbirdsandmammals(Bright,etal,2005).
Intheenvironment,EBtendstobindtosoilorsedimentparticles(SPAH,2002),makingitlesslikelythanIMto
leachintothegroundwater,butmorelikelytobewashedintosurfacewaterwithrunoffcarryingsediment.
Studieshaveshownittohaveahalflifeinsoilof174Α427days(thelowertheoxygenlevelsinthesoil,the
longerEBpersists).EBisverystableinwater,althoughifexposedtosunlightithasahalflifeof1.4Α22days
(Bright,etal,2005).
EBhasbeenusedasatopical(spray)treatmentinawidevarietyofagriculturalcropssuchascotton,tobacco,
cabbage,potatoes,etc.whereitisusedprimarilytokillͻĭŷĻǞźƓŭandsuckingƦĻƭƷƭͼͲsuchasaphids,
leafhoppers,tobaccobudworms,southernarmyworm,potatobeetle,andwhiteflies.Itsagriculturaluseshave
3
LC-50, the 50% lethal concentration, is similar to LD-50, but refers to the concentration (rather than dose) of a toxin in
water, soil, or food, at which 50% of exposed organisms will die.
increasedinrecentyearsbecauseitisrelativelylessharmfultobeneficialinsectspeciesthanother
avermectinswhenappliedasaspray(Sechser,etal.,2003;LasotaandDybas,1991).However,nostudies
werefoundevaluatingtheeffectsofEBwhenusedasasystemicpesticide.
Inrecentyears,EBhasbeenusedtokillparasiticsealicewhichinfectsalmoninfishfarms.Studieshave
indicatedthatthehighdosesfoundinfishfeedandfecesbeneaththefishpensmayhaveadverseeffectson
themoltingcycleandreproductivesuccessoflobsters(Waddy,etal.,2010).Thismayhaveimplicationsfor
thedevelopmentandsubsequentreproductionofothercrustaceans(suchasfreshwatercrawfish),beneficial
insects,andotherinvertebrates,butnostudieshavebeendonetoevaluatethis.EBhasalsobeendetectedin
bluemusselsupto100mfromthefishpens,butitdoesnotappeartopersistinthemoncethesourcehas
beenremoved(Telfer,etal.,2006).Nostudieswerefoundtohavebeenconductedonfreshwaterbivalvesto
determinewhethertheywouldbesimilarlyaffectedifexposedtoEB.
ThemainconcernsurroundingEBisthelackofinformationregardinghowitwillbehavewhenusedasa
systemicpesticideintrees(orotherplants)andthegeneralabsenceofinformationregardingitseffectson
freshwaterorganisms.
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Appendix E: Biological Control
The following text is from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture website, 3/4/11:
Biological control (biocontrol) is the best option for cost-effective, long-term EAB population reduction. A
variety of insecticides are available to treat individual, high-value ash trees. Cost and logistical
considerations make these treatments impractical on a large scale. Biocontrol, already used successfully to
fight some weed and insect pests in Minnesota, is considered the only feasible large-scale tool for combating
EAB. Biocontrol reunites a target pest with the insects or diseases that control the pest in its native range. In
this case, tiny, stingless wasps that control EAB in Asia are released to reduce EAB damage. Prior to their
use, biocontrol organisms are thoroughly tested to ensure they will not harm humans, native plant and
animal species, or the environment.
USDA rears three species of wasps as biocontrol agents for EAB. Two species kill EAB larvae. Tetrastichus
planipennisiadults find and insert their eggs into EAB larvae. Spathius agrili behaves similarly except that
the wasp eggs and developing wasps are attached to the outside of the EAB larvae. The developing wasps
feed on and eventually kill the EAB larvae. Egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili, adults insert their eggs into EAB
eggs on ash bark. The developing wasps feed on and destroy the eggs.
AppendixF:WhatAreOtherMetroCommunitiesDoingtoCombatEAB?
BelowarenotescompiledinMarch2011regardingwhatnearbycommunitiesaredoingtomanageEAB.
SaintPaul
Removedallinfestedashtreesfrominitialinfestation
CreatedtraptreestomonitorEABpopulation(destructivesamplingofash)
Structuredremovaloffullblocksofdecliningash
2011:somepesticidetreatmentininfestedareas
2011:residentswillbeallowedtohirelicensedcontractorstotreatboulevardtreesviatrunkinjection
Minneapolis
Removedallinfestedtrees
Trunkinjectionofselectparktrees
2011:releaseofbiologicalnearinfestation
RamseyCounty
Removing300trees
Trunkinjectionof1600treesincountyparks/golfcourses
Woodbury
EABplanpresentedtocouncilMarch2011
OrdinancewillbeupdatedtoincludeEAB
Notrecommendingchemicaltreatmentatthistime
Councilwilldeterminewhetherornottodopreemptiveremovals
CottageGrove
Plansfortrunkinjectionof3000blvdashtrees
Plancallsforremovalof50150ashperyeardependingonseveralfactors,includingcosts
Plancallsforremovalandreplacementofapproximately1000oftheir4000boulevardashtreesover
12years
Possiblestructuredremovalofpoorerqualitypublicashtreesdependingonfunding
Roseville
CitycouncilapprovedEABplaninfallof2010
$100,000budgetedforEAB,plusreceived$50,000grant
Eachyearwillremovesomeashthatareinpoorcondition
Willtreatsomeashtreesconsideredsignificant
Residentsmaytreatboulevardashtreesiftheyapplyforapermitandusealicensedcitycontractor
Updatingdiseaseordinancetoincludeash
NorthSaintPaul
Allowingresidentstoregisterboulevardashtreestheywouldliketohavetreatedwiththecity
Planningonsomestructuredremoval
Attachment 2
Agenda Item 6.a.
ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION STAFF REPORT
Meeting Date April 18, 2022
REPORT TO:Environmental and Natural Resources Commission
REPORT FROM:
Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner
PRESENTER:Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner
AGENDA ITEM:
Annual Report
1)Solid Waste
2)Sustainability
Action Requested: MotionDiscussion Public Hearing
Form of Action: Resolution OrdinanceContract/Agreement Proclamation
Policy Issue:
The Environmental and Natural Resources Commission submits an annual report to the City
Council and the community. The report includes Commission updates, and details on the City’s
solid waste and sustainability programs.
Recommended Action:
Recommend approval of the 2021 Solid Waste and Sustainability Annual Reports.
Fiscal Impact:
Is There a Fiscal Impact? No Yes, the true or estimated cost is $.00
Financing source(s): Adopted Budget Budget Modification New Revenue Source
Use of Reserves Other: n/a
Strategic Plan Relevance:
Community InclusivenessFinancial & Asset MgmtEnvironmental Stewardship
Integrated CommunicationOperational EffectivenessTargeted Redevelopment
The annual reports serve as an important method of updating the City Council and the community
on the City’s environmental and sustainability accomplishments and goals.
Background:
Attached to this memo is a draft of the 2021 Solid Waste and Sustainability Reports. The reports
will be incorporated into the new Parks and Natural Resources Department update to the City
Council, and will include the 2021 Park and Recreation Commission Report and ENR Commission
Annual Report (approved by the ENR in Februrary 2022). The report will be presented to the City
Council in the spring of 2022, and posted on the ENR Commission website.
Attachments:
1.2021 Solid Waste Annual Report
2.2021 Sustainability Annual Report
Attachment 1
Solid Waste 2021 Annual Report
The City has been able to help limit greenhouse gas emissions and divert waste from landfills
through the City’s organized solid waste collection system. It’s lead to lower prices, reduced
truck traffic, and community control over waste management decisions. Maplewood contracts
with Tennis Sanitation for residential single and multi-family recycling collection and Republic
Services for residential single-family trash and yard waste collection. Following is a sampling of
system changes made by the City and the haulers in 2021 to improve the City’s solid waste
services:
1.Trash Collection Improvements
a.Spring Clean Up: The April 17, 2021, Spring Clean Up was the first clean up
covered by Republic Services at no cost to the City as part of the overall
residential trash and yard waste contract. The City previously subcontracted with
other haulers to manage this event. During the 2021 Spring Clean Up, the City
processed the largest volume of materials in the history of clean ups. This was
likely due to the 2020 Spring Clean Up being cancelled, Covid-19 shut downs
and residents have ample time to clean their properties, and the new fee
structure that charged per-vehicle load instead of per item. Due to the number of
vehicles and the volume of materials, the City had to send many vehicles away.
Republic Services and City staff are reviewing those challenges and making
changes to the 2022 Spring Clean Up where necessary. A summary of materials
collected during the 2021 Spring Clean Up follows:
Material Collected During the Increase Over Last
April 17, 2021, Spring Clean Up 3-Year Average
37 Tons of General Trash 40%
8.5 Tons of Metals 33%
249 Tires 200%
126 Appliances 29%
224 Tvs and Computers 43%
216 Mattresses52%
73 Lawn Mowers, Snow Blowers 33%
207 HHW Drop Offs 41%
We also received a record number of food shelf donations including 243 pounds
of food and $467 cash donations for Merrick Community Services.
b.Pay as You Throw Trash Rate Pricing Schedule: In 2021, the City and Republic
Services negotiated the 2022 Pay as You Throw (PAYT) rate pricing structure.
The goal of PAYT is to increase the percentage of price increments between
trash cart sizes to encourage a reduction in trash and an increase in recycling.
Trash hauling fees include the collection cost (cost to collect the trash from the
residential property), disposal cost (the tipping fee charged to the hauler to
dispose of the trash at the Ramsey/Washington Recycling and Energy Center),
state and county taxes, and a City cart fee. The collection cost is set in the
contract and increases by approximately 4% each year. The PAYT rates are
created by adjusting the disposal cost of the trash only. The 2022 monthly PAYT
rates are as follows:
Cart Size 2021 20222022 2022 2021 to
RFP 2022 Price
Overall Overall % Price
Change
Trash Trash Change % Price
per PAYT
Rates- Rates -From Change
price
collection, collection, Each from
increments
disposal, disposal, Cart Each
taxes, fees taxes, fees Size Cart Size
20 gallon every other week $12.51 $12.45 -$.06
20 gallon every week$13.02 $13.00 4% 37% -$.01
35 gallon every week$15.01 $14.05 8% 25% -$.96
65 gallon every week$19.44 $20.00 42% 25% +$.56
95 gallon every week$23.69 $25.00 25% 25% +$1.31
2.Recycling Collection Improvements
a.Recycling cart audit: In 2014, the City converted the collection of recycling from
bins to carts. Tennis Sanitation supplied the carts, originally rolling out 35-gallon
carts to townhomes and manufactured homes and 65-gallon carts to single-
family homes. Since that time Tennis Sanitation offers residents the choice of
any size cart for the same price (35, 65, or 95-gallon recycling carts).
In 2021, Tennis Sanitation conducted a recycling cart audit to determine the
number and sizes of carts at single-family homes (not including townhomes or
manufactured homes). This information will be valuable as the audit is updated
yearly to determine the effects of the City’s Pay as You Throw trash rates. A
greater number of 95 gallon recycling carts and 35 gallon trash carts will mean
more recycling and less waste. The cart audit results are as follows:
262 - 35 gallon carts
8,731 - 65 gallon carts
268 - 95 gallon carts
b.Household count audit: Maplewood adds the recycling fee of $5.52 per
household per month onto residential water bills. Tennis Sanitation invoices the
City monthly for overall household recycling collection per the contract. This is
the first year the City has conducted a household count audit. Previously, the
recycling contracts and invoices included estimated household numbers based
on the City’s original roll out of recycling and City, County, and Metropolitan
Council household count estimates. The household count audit results are as
follows:
10,988 homes that can have recycling collected at the curb (including
single-family, townhomes, and manufactured homes)
4,290 multi-family homes with recycling collected in centralized locations
(including apartments, condominiums, and some townhomes)
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Attachment 2
2021 Sustainability Report
Maplewood’s comprehensive plan incorporates a sustainability approach that strengthen the
environmental, economic, and social dimensions of any issue. An important element of that
plan is reporting on sustainability indicators. Following is a sampling of those indicators from
2021.
GreenStep Cities
As one of the first cities to sign onto the GreenStep Cities program in 2010, Maplewood has
remained a leader in sustainability throughout the state. Of 146 Minnesota cities participating in
the program, Maplewood is one of 29 cities that has been awarded Step 5 for measuring and
making improvements on sustainability metrics. From 2019 to 2020 the City showed
improvement in the following areas:
Increase of 49 trees planted on City projects (147 trees total)
Increased the Stormwater Management Score by 10% (62% total)
Increased the Climate Adaptation Assessment Score by 1 (74% total)
Increased the number of LED lights in City facilities by 6% (77% total)
Increased the number of privately owned green certified buildings by 4 (8 green
buildings total)
Reduced the average miles per gallon for City vehicles -
o gasoline fleet by .9 gallons (11.4 gallons total)
o diesel fleet by .09 gallons (4.51 gallons total)
Reduced the vehicle miles traveled per person, per day for City-wide vehicles by 1.01
miles (27.4 miles total)
Increased the number of public electric vehicle charging stations by 22 (36 charging
stations total)
Increased the generation capacity of city-owned and private renewable energy sites by
144 kW (770 kW total)
Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from
2 2
o travel 2,227 tons of CO(227,929 tons of COtotal)
2 2
o waste by 735 tons of CO(6,730 tons of COtotal)
22
o non-transportation (buildings, etc.) by 43,101 tons of CO(173,531 tons of CO
total)
Green Team
The Maplewood Green Team’s mission statement is to promote environmentally sustainable
operating practices by implementing and influencing feasible approaches to reducing emissions
and pollution within the city. The Green Team is made up of representatives from each City
Department and serves as the internal steering committee for the GreenStep Cities program
and the Climate Adaptation Plan.
In 2021, the Green Team focused on Environmental Purchasing Policy outreach and education.
The policy was adopted in December 2020 and shifts the City’s purchasing to the procurement
of goods and services that have a reduced effect on the natural environment and human health
when compared to competing products and services that serve the same purpose. One
outreach opportunity included the Reduce Your Foodprint Trimester Challenge. The Green
Team collaborated with the Wellness Committee on the Challenge that guided Maplewood
employees towards purchases that have reduced effect on the natural environment and
promoted healthy lifestyle choices.
Climate Adaptation Plan
The City Council adopted the Climate Adaptation Plan in May 2021. The two-year process to
complete the plan was conducted by a 15-person planning team of community members, City
Council and ENR Commission members, representatives of Ramsey County, Xcel Energy,
Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District, and City staff. The plan includes an
implementation framework designed to achieve community-wide goals for climate adaptation
and resilience. It is organized around a unifying framework of eight sections: 1) Health and
Safety, 2) Extreme Heat and Weather, 3) Air Quality, 4) Flooding and Water Quality, 5)
Greenspace and Ecosystem Health, 6) Local Food and Agriculture, 7) Climate Economy, and 8)
Adaptation Capacity.
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