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Home My WebLink About2018-08-09 HPC Packet AGENDA CITY OF MAPLEWOOD HERITAGE PRESERVATIONCOMMISSION 7:00 P.M Thursday, August 9, 2018 A.CALL TO ORDER B.ROLL CALL C.APPROVAL OF AGENDA D.APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1.June 14, 2018 E.NEW BUSINESS 1.Gold Line BRT and Section 106Review Process 2.Preserve Minnesota Conference F.UNFINISHED BUSINESS G.VISITOR PRESENTATIONS H.COMMISSION PRESENTATIONS 1.Rush Line BRT Stations – Commissioner Axtman 2.Updates on History Videos i.Gladstone Shops Video ii.Wakefield Stories – Update, Video Clip, Next Steps iii.Poor Farm Video I.STAFF PRESENTATIONS J.ADJOURNMENT RULES OF CIVILITY FOR THE CITY COUNCIL, BOARDS, COMMISSIONS AND OUR COMMUNITY Following are rules of civility the City of Maplewood expects of everyone appearing at Commission Meetings - elected officials, staff and citizens. It is hoped that by following these simple rules, everyone’s opinions can be heard and understood in a reasonable manner. We appreciate the fact that when appearing at Commission meetings, it is understood that everyone will follow these principles: Speak only for yourself, not for other Commissionmembers or citizens - unless specifically tasked by your colleagues to speak for thegroup or for citizens in the form of a petition. Show respect during comments and/or discussions, listen actively and do not interrupt or talk amongst each other. Be respectful of the process, keeping order and decorum. Do not be critical of Commissionmembers, staff or others in public. Be respectful of each other’s timekeeping remarks brief, to the point and non-repetitive. THERE MAY BE A QUORUM OF COMMISSIONERS AT UPCOMING MAPLEWOOD AREA HISTORICAL SOCIETY EVENTS. D1 MINUTES MAPLEWOOD HERITAGE PRESERVATION COMMISSION 7:00p.m., Thursday, June 14, 2018 Council Chambers, City Hall A.CALL TO ORDER A meeting of the Heritage Preservation Commission was held in the City Hall Council Chambers called to order by ChairBoulayat 7:00 p.m. B.ROLL CALL Commissioners Commissioner LeonAxtmanPresent ChairPeter BoulayPresent Commissioner Bob CardinalPresent Vice ChairRichard Currie Present Commissioner Margaret FettPresent Commissioner John GasparPresent Commissioner Frank GilbertsonPresent Staff Natural Resources Coordinator, Ginny GaynorPresent C.APPROVAL OF THE AGENDA made a motion to approve the amended agenda. CommissionerAxtman Seconded by Vice ChairCurrie Ayes – All The motion passed. D.APPROVAL OF MINUTES 1.May 10,2018, HPC Meeting Minutes CommissionerCardinalmade a motionto approve the minutes from the May 10,2018, HPC Meeting. Seconded by Vice ChairCurrieAyes – Axtman, Cardinal, Currie, Fett, Gaspar, Gilbertson Abstain – Boulay The motion passed. Thursday, June 14, 2018 Heritage Preservation Commission Meeting Minutes D1 MINUTES MAPLEWOOD HERITAGE PRESERVATION COMMISSION 7:00p.m., Thursday, June 14, 2018 Council Chambers, City Hall E.NEW BUSINESS 1.Oath of Office for Boulay Natural Resources Coordinator, Ginny Gaynor, swore in ChairBoulayfor an additional term on the Heritage Preservation Commission. 2.Election of Chair and Vice Chair Vice ChairCurriemade a motionto accept the nomination of Pete Boulay for Chair. Seconded by CommissionerGilbertson Ayes – All The motion passed. CommissionerGasparmade a motionto accept the nomination of Richard Currie for Chair. Seconded by CommissionerGilbertson Ayes – All The motion passed. F.UNFINISHED BUSINESS 1.Local Designation for Ramsey County Cemetery Vice ChairCurriemade a motionto move the application forward with the suggestions that were discussed. Seconded by ChairBoulay Ayes – All The motion passed. G.VISITOR PRESENTATIONS 1.MAHS Bob Jensen, President of the Maplewood Area Historical Society, updated the commission on upcoming eventsat the Bruentrup Farm. H.COMMISSION PRESENTATIONS 1.Rush Line BRT Stations Commissioner Axtmanupdated the commission on the status of the Rush Line BRT Stations since attending hisfirst committee meeting. 2.Updates on History Videos Thursday, June 14, 2018 Heritage Preservation Commission Meeting Minutes D1 MINUTES MAPLEWOOD HERITAGE PRESERVATION COMMISSION 7:00p.m., Thursday, June 14, 2018 Council Chambers, City Hall Natural Resources Coordinator, Ginny Gaynor, led a discussion on the progress of the history videos. 3.Open Meeting Laws Vice Chair Curriediscussed open meeting lawswith the commission. I.STAFF PRESENTATIONS 1.View Video Clips from Jackson Street Roundhouse Natural Resources Coordinator, Ginny Gaynor, shared two history video clips with the commission. J.ADJOURNMENT Vice Chair Curriemade a motionto adjourn the meeting. Seconded by CommissionerAxtmanAyes – All The motion passed. The meeting was adjourned at 8:11 PM. Next meeting is July 12, 2018 Thursday, June 14, 2018 Heritage Preservation Commission Meeting Minutes E1 HERITAGE PRESERVATION COMMISSIONSTAFF REPORT Meeting Date August 9, 2018 REPORT TO: Heritage Preservation Commission REPORT FROM:Virginia Gaynor, Natural Resources Coordination/HPC Liaison PRESENTER: Virginia Gaynor, Natural Resources Coordination/HPC Liaison AGENDA ITEM:Gold Line BRT and Section 106 Review Process Action Requested:MotionDiscussionPublic Hearing Form of Action:ResolutionOrdinanceContract/AgreementProclamation Policy Issue: The Gold Line Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project is subjectto a Section 106 review of impacts on historic sites and structures along the proposed route. Recommended Action: Discuss the Section 106 process for the Gold Line BRT route through Maplewood and provide preliminary thoughts. Fiscal Impact: Is There a Fiscal Impact?NoYes, the true or estimated cost is Financing source(s):Adopted BudgetBudget ModificationNew Revenue Source Use of Reserves Other:n/a Strategic Plan Relevance: Financial SustainabilityIntegrated CommunicationTargeted Redevelopment Operational EffectivenessCommunity InclusivenessInfrastructure & Asset Mgmt. This discussion provides an opportunityfor residents to provide input on potential impacts of the Gold Line BRT project on historic structures. Background The Gold Line BRTis a proposed route from St. Paul to Woodbury. Information on this project is available on the project website: https://www.metrotransit.org/gold-line-project.The route through Maplewood is proposed torun along the south side of 3M campus, north of I-94. Theproject includes federal funding so aSection 106 Review is required. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their projects on historic properties that are listed in or are eligible for E1 inclusionin the National Register of Historic Places. When there are adverse effects, the agency must consider ways to avoid, minimize, or mitigate those effects. The 106 Group has conducted architecture/history surveys for the proposed route. This includes surveys on some properties at 3M Company. Attached is the Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form on the 3M site prepared by the consultants (Attachment 2). Itcontains a wealth of information on the historic significance of some 3M buildings.It is not necessary to review the whole Inventory Form before the August meeting, but please read a bit of it to have an idea of the scopeof informationincluded. At the August HPC meeting, staff will provide an overview of the Gold Line BRT project and the Section 106 review process.Commissioners will have an opportunity for general discussion about historic properties along the route. This fall,commissionerswill use the Department of Interior criteriato conduct a formal review of potential impacts of the Gold Line project onhistoric properties in Maplewood. Attachments 1.Map showing Gold Line area being studied for historic impacts 2.MN Multiple Property Inventory Form E1, Attachment 1 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Please refer to the Historic and Architectural Survey Manual before completing this form. Must use Adobe Acrobat Reader to complete and save this form. Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded at: https://get.adobe.com/reader/?promoid=KLXME General Information 4NDfoufs Historic Name: 4NDfoufsIjtupsjdEjtusjdu Other Names: SB.NXD.1121 Inventory No.: Ejtusjdu Multiple Property Category: Multiple Property Category (if other): Ofx New or Updated Form:Review and Compliance No.:3125.14:9 Extant:Zft Agency Proj. No.: Joufotjwf)Qibtf3* Survey Type:Grant No.: Location Information 3412NdLojhiuSeO Street Address: SbntfzNbqmfxppe City/Twp: County: If Multiple, List All Cities/Townships: If Multiple, List All Counties: Total Acres: 522 UTM Coordinates: Datum:OBE2:94 MblfFmnp-NO2::4 USGS 7.5 Quad Name(s): UTM ZoneEastingNorthing 3:3347 Township:Range:E/W:Section: 26U5::9525:89938 QtrQtrQtr:QtrQtr:Qtr: 26U6114815:89941 Township:Range:E/W:Section: 26U6114835:89597 X 26U61167:5:89526 QtrQtrQtr:QtrQtr:Qtr: 26U6116695:89225 Urban: 26U6116165:89222 O0B Subdivision: 26U6116185:89177 Block(s):O0B 26U6122935:88::: Lot(s):O0B 26U6121755:88495 26U6118885:88391 234.473:33351116<234.473:33341113 Property Identification Numbers (PINs): 26U5::7545:88589 26U5::7375:89588 26U5::8615:89729 If more space is needed for location information, please submit on a separate sheet. Previous Determinations National Register ListedSEF NPS DOELocally Designated State Register ListedNot Eligible CEF District Name: E1, Attachment 2 4NDfoufs Historic Name: Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form SB.NXD.1121 Inventory No.: Classification 32:21 Buildings:Structures:Sites:Objects: Number of Resources (Contributing): :411 Buildings:Structures:Sites:Objects: Number of Resources (Noncontributing): Associated Properties (Name and Inventory No.): Function or Use Historic:Current: Dpnnfsdjbm0UsbefDpnnfsdjbm0Usbef Function/Use Category:Function/Use Category: Function/Use Category (if other):Function/Use Category (if other): PuifsPuifs Function/Use Subcategory:Function/Use Subcategory: SftfbsdiGbdjmjuz SftfbsdiGbdjmjuz Function/Use Subcategory (if other):Function/Use Subcategory (if other): Description Provide full Narrative Description on Continuation Sheet. DpsqpsbufNpefsojtn<OfxGpsnbmjtn<Joufsobujpobm Architectural Style(s): Architectural Style (if other): Csjdl Primary Exterior Material(s): Tupof<Nfubm<Dpodsfuf Exterior Material (if other): Significance Provide full Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet. Applicable National Register of Historic Places Criteria: 5 YesNoMore Research Recommended Criterion A: Property is associated with significant events. 5 YesNoMore Research Recommended Criterion B: Property is associated with the lives of significa persons. 5 Criterion C: Property has significant architectural characteristics.YesNoMore Research Recommended 5 Criterion D: Property may yield important information in history/prehistory.YesNoMore Research Recommended Criteria Considerations?NoYesIf yes, describe in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet. 5 Additional or OtherArea(s) of Significance: Dpnnfsdf Area of Significance: Jowfoujpo 2:65.2:86 Period(s) of Significance: 2:64 Date(s) Constructed: 2:67<2:71<2:84 Other Significant Construction Dates: Discuss in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet. NjooftpubNjojohboeNbovgbduvsjohDpnqboz\\4N^ Date Source(s): Fmmfscf'Dpnqboz Architect/Builder/Engineer: FmmfscfCfdlfu311:;411 Architect/Builder/Engineer Documentation: Page 2 of 3 (December 2017 Form Version) E1, Attachment 2 4NDfoufs Historic Name: Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form SB.NXD.1121 Inventory No.: Bibliography Complete Bibliography on Continuation Sheet. Additional Documentation For all properties, the following additional documentation must be submitted with the inventory form. Refer to the Historic and Architectural Survey Manual for guidance. 1.Photographs 2.Location Maps Preparer's Information and Recommendation L/Lfmmfsibmt-T/Njmmfs-O/Gptt-L/Tdpuu)217Hspvq*<T/Sfogjfme-F/Qfuujt)Nfbe'Ivou*<H/Nbuijt-N/Kpoft)NoEPU* Preparer Name and Title: Uif217HspvqMue/<NfbeboeIvou<NoEPUDSV Organization/Firm (if applicable): 402403129 Date Inventory Form Prepared: Recommended District Evaluation: 5 Eligible for the National Register Not Eligible for the National Register More Information Needed for National Register Evaluation Eligible for Local Designation Not Eligible for Local Designation More Information Needed for Local Designation Minnesota Historic Preservation Office Comments (MnHPO Use Only) Initials:Date: Historic District Recommendation (NHRP) Concur Does Not ConcurMore Information Needed Comments: Page 3 of 3 (December 2017 Form Version) E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Narrative Description (Prepared by 106 Group, revised by MnDOT CRU based on supplemental information provided by Mead & Hunt) The Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) Center is an approximately 411-acre complex located north of Interstate 94 (I-94) in Maplewood, Minnesota. The roughly L-shaped 3M Center Campus is bounded by Hudson Road on the south, McKnight Road on the west, Conway and Minnehaha Avenues (County Road 10) on the north, and Carlton Street and Century Avenue (Highway 120) on the east. The complex is composed of 43 resources with 30 buildings, 12 structures, and 1 site (see Table 1). The campus is set within a designed landscape that includes a circulation network, landscaping, and numerous small-scale non-countable elements and site furnishings. The buildings at 3M Center are generally light industrial brick and stone buildings with some concrete buildings and a few metal and glass buildings. Innovation Boulevard and Conway Avenue, which both run east and west between McKnight Road on the west and Century Avenue on the east, are the main thoroughfares through the complex. The property began to be developed in 1953 with the construction of Building 201, and continues to undergo construction (see Table 1). The majority of the buildings and structures at 3M Center are numbered, however this does not always align chronologically with the order in which they were constructed. The resources at 3M Center are described below according to 3M’s building numbering convention (see Map 2). Building 201 The three-story Central Research Lab building is located in the southwest corner of the complex. When the building was constructed in 1953, it had an L-shaped plan with wings fronting Hudson and McKnight Roads (3M 2016a; NETR 1957). Over the years, additions were constructed in 1960, 1965, with an addition on the north constructed in 1985. These additions more than doubled the original footprint of the building, giving it an overall rectangular shape (NETR 1957; NETR 1966; NETR 1980; NETR 1991). The building is faced in brick laid in a five- course American bond pattern and concrete. The building has a flat roof with metal coping. This building features two projected bays on the south-facing façade. The projected bays are faced in Bedford stone. One projecting bay features a band of metal windows on each of the three stories on the façade and part of the east elevation. The metal window bands are separated by gray-green stone panels. The projected bays are about a half-story taller than the rest of the building. The entrance on the façade is covered by a flat metal awning with a decorative tiled underside. There is a band of twelve fixed metal windows over the entrance. A four-story brick- faced addition on the north elevation is partially faced in metal. The metal section of the four-story wing has four window bays on each of the four floors. There are two brick-faced projected bays on each side of the metal- faced section of the four-story wing. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and a double-leaf metal frame glass door. A random-ashlar retaining wall surrounds the front parking area, and similar walls flank the entrance steps. The west side includes a planters, while the building’s east side incorporates an ADA ramp. 1 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 204 The one-story Meter House structure is located northwest of Building 201, just north of the intersection of McKnight Road and Innovation Boulevard. The circa 1957 building is faced in brick laid in a five-course American bond pattern, and has a flat roof with metal coping (3M 2016a). Fenestration consists of a single-leaf metal door and what appears to be a fixed metal window. Building 205 The one-story, rectangular-shaped Corporate Metrology Services (Testing Calibration Lab) building was constructed in 1990 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The east-facing façade is fenestrated with fixed metal windows, a metal overhead door, and a double- leaf glass door with a metal frame and transom. A tall, round water tank (Structure A), constructed circa 1995, is th located at the southeast corner of the intersection of Conway Avenue and 5Street, immediately west of Building 205. The tank is faced in vertical sheet metal. An exterior staircase provides access on the tank’s east side. Building 206 The small, one-story Utility structure was constructed in 1988 (3M 2016a). The structure is faced in stretcher bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The area directly beneath the roof on each elevation is faced in vertical corrugated metal. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and a single-leaf metal door. Building 207 The one-story, Mid-Century Modern-style Electrical Products Laboratory building is located directly north of Building 201. The main block of the building was constructed as a laboratory for the Electrical Products Division in 1954, and was designed by Giffels & Vallet, Inc., L. Rossetti (3M 1954:STPA-207-A-453). The west-facing main block fronts McKnight Road and is oriented north-south. The building has four rectangular wings of equal size that are located on the east elevation, and oriented east-west. The northern two wings were constructed in 1956, and were designed by Ellerbe & Company (3M 1956:STPA-207-A-453). According to historical aerial photographs, the northern two wings retain their original size while the southern two wings where doubled in length in circa 1959 (3M 1959c: STPA-207-A-452; NETR 1957; NETR 1966). A tall, one-story, square-shaped addition was constructed on the south elevation of Building 207 in circa 1995 (NETR 1991; NETR 2003). The main block and four wings are faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and have flat roofs with metal coping. The northern portion of the building has an exposed basement level that is clad in brick. The main entrance is located on the center of the west-facing façade and is covered by a flat metal awning. Projecting brick walls bracket the entry bay. The entrance is accessed by a long concrete ramp that extends to the south, with metal pipe railings. To the north of the entrance is a stone retaining wall that extends west, to the end of the parking lot that is located directly in front of the entrance. Directly south of the entrance is an eight-light, fixed metal window with stone panels above and below the window band. Fenestration on the main block and four wings consists of fixed metal windows; single-leaf glass doors with metal frames and sidelights; single-leaf glass doors with metal frames, a sidelight, and overhead transom; metal sliding doors; and single-stall overhead metal garage doors. The circa 1995, one-story addition on the south elevation is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The west-facing façade of the addition features two tall 2 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ overhead metal garage doors on the south end and a shorter, one-story projecting wing on the north end. Fenestration on the addition includes fixed metal windows; single-stall overhead metal garage doors; and round- arch skylights on the roof of the one-story projection. A curved, concrete block retaining wall abuts the southwest corner of this addition. Building 208 This one-story, Mid-Century Modern style Laboratory building was constructed in 1956 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five-course American-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. There is a two-story wing on the north elevation; the northern elevation of this wing is clad in corrugated metal panels. There is a one-story addition on the west and north elevations of the two-story wing that is also faced in corrugated metal. These additions were constructed between 1966 and 1980, but likely circa 1967 when Building 218 was built abutting the east elevation (NETR 1966; NETR 1980). Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and single- leaf metal doors. Building 209 This two-story E-shaped Graphic Products Laboratory building was constructed in 1956 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The centrally located entrance on the west-facing façade features a projecting two-story bay that is faced in gray-green stone panels and supported by decorative steel posts. A band of fixed metal windows runs along the center of the projected bay and terminates at a section of concrete panels on the north end. There is a bay of fixed metal windows on the first floor below the projected bay. The east elevation features three wings that are oriented east-west, giving the building an E-shaped layout. These wings have exposed basement levels. Fenestration includes fixed metal windows; single-leaf glass doors with metal frames, a sidelight, and overhead transom; and triple windows with two fixed metal windows surrounding a central metal spandrel panel. Building 210 This tall, one-story Plant Engineering building was constructed in 1956 (3M 2016a). The building is clad in brown stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Four large metal smokestacks project from the roof of the building. Exterior metal piping on the north elevation connects to Building 213. Visible fenestration includes louvered openings, fixed metal windows, and multi-light metal awning windows. Building 210 contains numerous additions from 1957, 1959, 1962, 1964, and 1975. Building 231 (see below) is attached to the west elevation of Building 210, and was constructed in 2006 (3M 2016a). Building 211 This one-story, rectangular-shaped Switch House structure was built in 1956 (3M 2016a). The Switch House is constructed of brown stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Fenestration consists of a double-leaf metal door. The Xcel Energy Tanners Lake Substation (Building B, see below) is located to the north of Building 212, and a small one-story utility structure is located directly west of the Tanners Lake Substation (Structure C, see Building B below). 3 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 212 Originally constructed in 1957 as a small brick structure, this Switch House was expanded in 1966 when a larger section was added to the west elevation. The two sections are connected by a canopy (3M 2016a). This tall, one- story switch house is faced in horizontal metal siding and has a flat roof with metal coping. There is a shed roofed, one-story wing on the west elevation. The wing is faced in corrugated metal. Fenestration includes fixed three-light windows and a single-leaf metal door. A utility structure is located to the west of Building 212. The structure is faced in corrugated metal and has a flat roof that is covered with corrugated metal. No fenestration was visible. To the south of this utility structure is a one-story garage that is faced in vertical wood siding, and has a front-gabled roof that is covered with asphalt shingles. The south-facing façade features an overhead garage door on the east side and a double-leaf metal door on the west side. The utility structure and garage were both constructed circa 2000 (NETR 1991; NETR 2003). Building 213 This tall, one-story Heating and Cooling Station structure was constructed in 1957 (3M 2016a). The structure is faced in corrugated sheet metal and is composed of tanks and mechanical equipment, with louvered openings, and metal pipes that connect to Building 210, which is located immediately south of this structure. Building 213 features additions from 1959 and 1962. Building 214 (Cooling Addition) was constructed in 1981 to the east of Building 213. This tall, one-story structure was constructed in 1981 (3M 2016a). The structure is faced in corrugated metal and has a flat roof. Two storage tanks (Structures D and E) added circa 1970 sit to the east of the station structure. Immediately west of Building 213 is Building 246, a two-story, square mechanical structure that was constructed in 2004. The structure is clad in horizontal metal panels and has a flat roof with what appears to be a round metal fan on top. A metal pipe going to the second story is located on the south elevation. An exterior metal staircase cage is located on the west elevation. West of Building 246 sits Building 232, a small, free-standing, square-shaped one-story maintenance building constructed in 2005 (3M 2016a). Building 232 is clad in vertical metal siding and has a flat metal roof. Fenestration includes a single-stall overhead metal garage door and louvered windows. Building 216 This one-story, rectangular-shaped Administration building was constructed in 1959 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The building has an exposed basement level on the east elevation. The building features a one-story entrance on the north-facing façade. The entrance is covered by a flat metal roof canopy that terminates on the east at a brick wall that is laid in a stacked bond pattern and projects out from the façade. Green stone panels are featured adjacent to the entrance. There are two similar projecting entrance vestibules on the west elevation and one on the first story of the east elevation as well. There is a three-story wing on the rear (south) elevation of the building that is faced in stretcher bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. On the east elevation of the three-story wing there is a central entrance that features a flat awning which also features a stone section above it on the second and third stories. There are three side-entrance wings on the west elevation that are covered by flat metal roofs supported by stacked bond brick walls. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows, three-light metal windows, metal overhead doors, and double-leaf metal frame glass doors with transoms. 4 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 217 This one-story Laboratory building is connected to the east elevation of Building 210 and was constructed in 1959 (3M 2016a). The building is clad in brown, stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Visible fenestration includes louvered openings and metal windows. Building 218 This three-story Laboratory building was constructed in 1967 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five- course American bond brick and has flat roof with metal coping. This building features a one-story projection on the façade that is faced in concrete panels. A flat roof metal awning is centered on the one-story projection and covers the entranceway. The projection features 23 bays of windows separated by vertical concrete surrounds. The main block of the building features vertically stacked fenestration with concrete surrounds and spandrel panels. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows, metal casement windows, and a double-leaf metal frame glass door. This building is connected to the east to Building 219 and to the west to Building 208. Building 219 This building is connected to the east elevation of Building 218, and was constructed in 1959 (3M 2016a). This one-story building is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and single-leaf metal doors. There is a two-story wing on the west elevation. The corrugated metal facing on the south elevation of the two-story wing is broken up by sections of concrete with groups of six-louvered vents. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and double-leaf metal doors. The rear elevation features multi-light industrial windows. The “Quad” Centrally located between McKnight Road and Century Avenue, and fronting Hudson Road is a cluster of five buildings and two parking garages arranged in a circular pattern around a central plaza (Building 221/Plaza); this area is known as the “quad.” The buildings and parking ramps are arranged as such: Building 227/Parking Ramp is in the northeast corner of the cluster. Directly south of the ramp is Building 224. Attached to the south elevation of Building 224 is Building 222. East of Building 224 is Building 220. North of Building 220 is Building 223, and northeast of Building 223 is Building 225, which is directly west of the Building 229/Parking Ramp. Building 220 Building 220, the Administrative Headquarters building, is perhaps the most notable building at 3M Center. The building was constructed in 1959-1962 and was designed by Ellerbe & Company (3M 2016a). This 14-story office building is designed with influences of the International, New Formalism, and Mid-Century Modern styles. The building is faced in a pleated glass curtain wall and has a flat roof with metal coping. The first story is faced in limestone and features some decorative textural elements. This building features a taller first story which is slightly recessed under the second story. Square, black granite columns support the upper floors, creating a covered walkway between the posts and the first story. The first story features continuous large expanses of fixed metal windows. The second through 14th stories have sawtooth, or pleated walls, resulting in a lack of a continuous band of smooth surfaces on all elevations. There are two metal spandrel panels between each story, except between the 11th and 12th stories, where there are three metal spandrel panels. The windows on the 5 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ top three stories are taller than those on the lower stories. A metal-clad penthouse is found on the roof of the building and appears to hold mechanical systems. Electric “3M” signs are found on the east and west elevations of the penthouse. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and double-leaf metal frame glass doors. The building is connected by an enclosed walkway to Building 222 on the first story of the east elevation. When Building 220 was originally constructed in 1959-1962, its notable pleated curtain wall was constructed of glass with Carthage marble spandrel panels (3M 1969). The building is 14-stories tall with the upper three levels being reserved for company executives. According to 3M corporate files, the “V” shaped arrangement of the exterior walls was designed to break up large wall areas and make interior spaces look larger and more pleasant. As the sun passes around the building, these V shapes produce shades and shadows, which make the building look different every hour of the day, for “architectural effect” (3M 1963). Due to a failure of the original curtain wall system, the building had its entire façade reconstructed circa 2005 and its curtain wall replaced with an all-glass system that includes light green opaque spandrel panels (personal communication, Kelli Andre Kellerhals, 106 Group with Richard DeMarchis, Manager, Plant Engineering, 3M, July 29, 2016; Millett 2015:69). When originally constructed, the building also featured a large reflecting pool on the south side, sited between the building’s façade and Interstate 94. A fountain was added to the reflecting pool in 1975; this fountain was part of the original design for the pool but was only added at this time (3M 1975). According to historical aerial photographs, this reflecting pool was removed between 2010 and 2013 and replaced with the current perennial garden that features curvilinear walking paths through the garden (NETR 2010; NETR 2013). The garden was designed by landscape architects Damon Farber (personal communication, Kelli Andre Kellerhals, 106 Group with Richard DeMarchis, Manager, Plant Engineering, 3M, July 29, 2016). The redesign of the reflecting pool into the perennial garden coincided with a 2011-2013 renovation of Building 220 and the quad area. The redesign of Building 220 and the quad was designed by the architectural firms of Peter Ebner and friends, and Atelier Hitoshi Abe. Peter Ebner and friends completed the redesign of the lower two floors of Building 220, along with the design of the perennial garden with Damon Farber (designboom 2014a). Atelier Hitoshi Abe directed the conversion of the Plaza, adding open and collaborative work spaces to the buildings in the quad, and redesigning public spaces such as the cafeteria (designboom 2014b). Building 221 Building 221 is the Plaza/Parking Ramp and was constructed in 1960. The underground parking ramp supports the roof of Building 221, which is the outdoor plaza that is located between buildings 224, 222, 220, 223, and 225 (3M 2016a). The plaza features movable planters and furniture and the ground is covered in black and white geometric shapes made from 3M’s transportation and traffic markings products. The north addition was constructed in 1967. The parking ramp is accessed on the north side, from Innovation Boulevard, between Buildings 225 on the west and Building 227/Parking Ramp on the east. Building 222 This two-story Cafeteria building was constructed in 1960. The building is faced in concrete and has a flat roof with metal coping. This building features a first story that is built partially into a hill on the east end. The second story extends out over the first story. Fenestration consists of a large band of fixed metal windows on the first 6 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ story, a smaller band of fixed metal windows on the second story, and double-leaf glass doors with metal frames. This building is connected by an enclosed, two-story walkway to Building 220 to the west and Building 224 to the north. The walkway is covered by a flat metal roof and has fixed metal windows divided by sections of sheet metal. Building 223 This six-story Administration building was constructed in 1973 (3M 2016a). The building is constructed of concrete and has a flat roof with metal coping. The first story is faced in black granite, while the remaining five stories are faced with light concrete. This building features a recessed, taller first story with large, fixed metal windows. Concrete columns line the first story and create a covered walkway between the columns and the first story. The second through sixth stories features paired, slightly recessed windows set between concrete columns that extend vertically between the stories. Concrete spandrel panels separate each story. Fenestration includes fixed metal windows and double-leaf glass doors with metal frames. The building is connected by an enclosed walkway to Building 220 to the south and by skyway to Building 229/Parking Ramp to the west. The skyway connects to the parking ramp on the second story; has an arched, corrugated metal roof; and has fixed metal windows. Building 224 This five-story Administration building with a raised basement is located directly south of Building 227/Parking Ramp and was constructed in 1967 (3M 2016a). The building’s lower level of the main block and wing are faced in black granite, while the upper levels are faced in concrete panels. The building is topped with a flat roof with metal coping. This building features a two-story wing on the south elevation that has a flat roof with metal coping, is faced in limestone, and has large fixed metal windows. A covered walkway runs along the east elevation of the wing. The walkway is covered with a flat roof with metal coping that is supported by limestone- faced posts. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and double-leaf glass doors with metal frames. This building is connected by an enclosed walkway to Building 222, which is located directly to the south. Building 225 This five-story Administration building is located south of Innovation Boulevard, and is the northernmost building of the “quad.” This building was constructed in two stages in 1973 and 1978 (3M 2016a). The recessed area on the first story is faced with black granite and has round columns. Above the first story, the building is faced in concrete panels and has a flat roof with metal coping. The building has rounded corners. The upper four stories project out from the first story. The center of the north facing façade is slightly projected. There are five bays of ribbon windows on the first story and seven bays of ribbon windows on the upper three stories of the north elevation. There are entranceways on the east and west ends of the central projection; these entrances have two-story windows that extend to the second floor. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and double-leaf glass doors with metal frames. This building is connected to Building 223 to the southwest by an enclosed walkway. 7 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 227 This two-story reinforced concrete Parking Ramp structure was constructed in 1972 (3M 2016a). The structure has three parking levels, including the roof of the structure. The eastern section of the parking ramp is partially built into a hill, while the western section has all three parking levels visible. Concrete panels denote each level. A large blue circle is found on the north elevation, at the west end. Entrances to the ramp are on the north elevation at the east and west ends, which fronts the south side of Innovation Boulevard. The south elevation features granite coping on all three levels. Round columns support each floor and are visible throughout the ramp. On the south elevation, a brick stair tower connects via skyway to Building 225 to the south. Building 229 Thistwo-story Parking Ramp structure was constructed in 1974, and sits to the west of Building 223(3M 2016a). This ramp is constructed of reinforced concrete and features three levels of parking, including the roof. Concrete panels denote each level; round columns support each floor and are visible throughout the ramp. Entrances appear to be located on the east elevation of the ramp. A large green circle is found in the west corner of the north elevation. The parking ramp is connected to Building 223 to the east by an enclosed walkway. Additionally, construction began in circa 2017 on a three-story parking ramp to the west of Building 223 and south of Building 229. The concrete structure features four levels of parking, including the roof deck. Widely-spaced square concrete posts support the structure emerge on the roof level. The square posts are echoed on the top two levels as square concrete posts are evenly spaced for guardrails. A three-story concrete, vertical circulation tower connects the parking structure’s east elevation to Building 223 via enclosed walkway on the second story. The tower contains a ground-level entrance and has windows on all stories. The east elevation has a centrally located concrete stair shaft that provides entry onto all levels of the parking ramp. Building 230 This two-story Tape Laboratory building was constructed in 1962 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in stretcher- bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The south-facing façade has a slightly projecting two-story entrance bay. The entrance bay is clad in limestone panels. A flat roof metal awning that is supported by metal posts covers the entrance on the first story. There are large bands of fixed metal windows on the first and second stories. Limestone panels separate windows vertically at the east and west ends of the south elevation. A northeast addition was added in 1971. This three-story addition is faced in brick with opaque-blue spandrel panels, and has a flat roof with metal coping. Fenestration on the building consists of fixed metal windows and single-leaf metal frame glass doors. Building 235 The three-story, rectangular-shaped Laboratory building was constructed in 1964 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. The north elevation features a two-story projection that is constructed of poured concrete and is set in the center of the façade; the east and west sections of the façade are slightly recessed on either side of the projection. The second story of the entrance bay projects out beyond the first story. Green stone veneer clads the first story, and the second story is clad in pebble-dashed concrete. The two projected bays on each side of the entrance bay are faced in stretcher bond brick. The east and west elevations are divided into four sections by paired, vertical concrete 8 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ panels that contain fixed metal windows in each story. There are two projected bays on the south elevation that are faced in concrete panels. There is a two-story projected rear entrance bay on the south elevation that is faced in concrete. The second story of the rear entrance bay projects out beyond the first story. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows, metal casement windows, and single-leaf metal frame glass doors with transoms. A pebble-dashed concrete planter spans the central bay. Building 236 This three-story, irregular-shapedMagnetic/Film Lab and Pilot Plantbuilding was constructed in 1966 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in brown, five-course American bond brick, with corrugated metal and ribbed, recessed concrete panels sections; and has a flat roof with metal coping. The building features large wings to both the north and south of the primary section of the building. These wings are connected to the primary section of the building by hyphens. The northern and southern wings are faced in corrugated metal. The corrugated metal facing on the northern and southern wings is broken up by sections of concrete that have pairs of louvered vents on the second and third stories. There is a small one-story wing on the east elevation of the northern wing. The primary, central section of the building is faced in concrete and stretcher bond brick. There are one-story projected bays with flat roofs on the east and west elevations of the primary section. These bays are faced in concrete. The brick facing of the primary section is broken up by sections of concrete. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows, metal casement windows, metal overhead doors, and single-leaf metal doors. Building 240 This Laboratory building is located at the southeast corner of Conway Avenue and 17th Street. The Mid-Century Modern style building was constructed in 1971 as a laboratory (3M 2016a). The building has an overall rectangular form with three distinct sections. The first section is a one-story office located on the north end of the building. A one-story hyphen is located on the south elevation of the office with a slightly smaller footprint than the office. The hyphen connects the office with the third section of the building, a laboratory that is a slightly taller one-story building with a footprint more than twice the size of the other two sections of the building. According to a 1973 site plan of 3M Center, the office section and hyphen of Building 240 were half the size they are today and were originally constructed on only the eastern half of the north elevation of the laboratory. In 1973, the laboratory had the footprint it retains today (3M 1973). According to historical aerial photographs from 1980, the aerial photographs closest in date to the buildings original construction date, the western half of the office and hyphen that is extant today was constructed prior to 1980 (NETR 1980). All three sections of the building are faced in brown, five-course American bond brick and have flat roofs with metal coping. The office and hyphen feature a band of concrete panels at the cornice line, while the laboratory has a narrower concrete band at the cornice line. Fenestration consists of large fixed metal windows, single-leaf metal doors, single-leaf metal frame glass doors, and double-leaf metal frame glass doors. According to aerial photographs and field observations, it does not appear that the building footprint has changed since 1980 (NETR 1980; NETR 1991; NETR 2003; NETR 2013). Building 243 This three-story Information Technology building is located on the east end of the property and south of Innovation Boulevard, just northwest of the “Boneyard.” The building, which was constructed in 1979, is faced in 9 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ stretcher-bond brick, and has a flat roof with metal coping (3M 2016a). Three rows of sailor course brick delineate each story. The east elevation has six window bays on the second and third stories and a recessed entrance on the first story. There does not appear to be any fenestration on the west elevation; the south elevation features a loading dock. There is a recessed, vertical band of sheet metal cladding on the north elevation that breaks up the brick facing. Fenestration consists of fixed metal windows and single-leaf metal doors. The fenestration is slightly recessed into the building, with downward angled sections at the sills of each window. Building 250 Located west of the intersection of Carlton Street and R Avenue, this three-story, irregular-shaped Laboratory building was constructed in 1991 (3M 2016a). The building is faced in beige, stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Fenestration consists of fixed windows with metal frames, single- and double-leaf metal doors, and a single stall metal overhead garage door. Building 251 This three-story Laboratory building was constructed in 1973. The building is connected by a metal-clad, three- story hyphen to the south elevation of Building 250. The rectangular-shaped building is clad in concrete and beige, stretcher-bond brick (3M 2016a). The building has a flat roof with metal coping. Visible fenestration consists of ribbons of fixed windows with metal frames. A large raw-finish concrete structure is located immediately west of the building and appears to be ventilation-related. Building 252 Attached to the eastern corner of the south elevation of Building 251 is Building 252, a one-story, rectangular- shaped Laboratory building was constructed in 1973 (3M 2016a). The building is clad in concrete and corrugated metal, and has a flat roof with metal coping. Visible fenestration consists of single-leaf metal doors and ribbons of fixed windows with metal frames. Building 258 This Switch House structure is located at the northeast corner of Conway Avenue and 14th Street, also known as Building 258, was constructed in 1973 (3M 2016a). The one-story, rectangular-shaped building is clad in stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. No fenestration is visible from the public right-of- way. Building 260 This five-story, irregular-shaped Laboratory building is located south of the intersection of 14th Street and Avenue R and was constructed in 1973 (3M 2016a). The building is clad in beige, stretcher-bond brick and has a flat roof with metal coping. Visible fenestration consists of ribbons of fixed windows with metal frames. A one- story brick and metal projection is located on the south elevation of the building and connects it to Building 261. 10 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 261 This two-level, rectangular-shaped Parking Ramp structure was constructed in 1991 (3M 2016a). The reinforced concrete Parking Ramp is located directly south of Building 260. The exterior of the structure is clad in incised concrete panels, creating the appearance of horizontal bands. The lower level sits underground, while the top level is a roof deck surrounded by a reinforced concrete knee-wall. Concrete stairs with simple metal railings provide entry onto the roof deck on the south elevation. Building 264 This two-story, irregular-shaped Administration building was constructed in 1990 along R Avenue, between Buildings 260 and 270, with walls abutting each (3M 2016a). Building 264 is stepped on the north elevation, is clad in metal and beige, stretcher-bond brick with concrete courses, and has a flat roof with metal coping. Four skylights are located on the north potion of the building’s roof. Visible fenestration consists of a continuous band of fixed windows with metal frames. Building 270 This four- and five-story, irregular-shaped Laboratory building is located directly west of Building 264 and was constructed in 1978 (3M 2016a). The building is clad in corrugated metal and beige, stretcher-bond brick, and has a flat roof with metal coping. Metal-clad penthouses are located on the northeast and south portions of the roof. Visible fenestration consists of ribbons of fixed windows with metal frames and metal overhead garage doors. Building 271 This three-story Parking Ramp structure is located directly west of Building 270 and was constructed in 1990 (3M 2016a). The rectangular-shaped structure is constructed of reinforced concrete. The exterior elevations of the raised basement level is constructed of unadorned concrete, while the upper floors are faced with incised concrete, creating the appearance of decorative horizontal bands. Building 275 This Administration building was constructed in 1990 and is located south of Building 264 (3M 2016a). The five- story, irregular-shaped building is clad in beige, stretcher-bond brick with concrete courses. The seven bay south-facing façade of the building is stepped. The center bay, which includes the main entrance, features curtain wall construction. A one-story metal canopy is located at the entrance. Visible fenestration consists of fixed windows with metal frames and single-leaf metal and glass doors. Building 277 This one- and two-story, rectangular-shaped Administration building was constructed in 2003 and is located at the northwest corner of the private drive, 3M Center, and Conway Avenue (3M 2016a). The building is clad is metal and beige, stretcher-bond brick, and has a flat roof with metal coping. One-story height, square, concrete columns are present on the south elevation. Visible fenestration consists of fixed windows with metal frames. 11 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Building 278 The two-story, irregular-shaped Administration building was constructed in 2006 (3M 2016a). It is faced in dark brick and metal and has a flat roof. Visible fenestration consists of fixed windows with metal frames and double- leaf metal and glass doors. The building is located on the northwest portion of the 3M Center campus between 3M Lake and Minnehaha Avenue/County Road 10. Building 280 Thisroughly L-shapedCarlton Science Center buildingwas constructed in 2015 and is located at the northeast corner of Conway Avenue and McKnight Road (3M 2016a). The four-story building is clad in metal, concrete, and patterned glass curtain walls, and has a flat roof. A skyway on the east elevation connects Building 280 to Building 271. Visible fenestration consists of single- and multi-light fixed windows, double-leaf metal and glass doors, and metal overhead garage doors. Building B Constructed circa 1960, the Xcel Energy Tanners Lake Substation structure is located to the east of the heating and cooling station and Building 212. The substation is surrounded by a tall, chain-link metal fence and consists of transmission poles and lines, and small utility structures. A small one-story utility structure (Structure C) is located directly west of the Tanners Lake Substation. This stretcher-bond brick structure is covered by a flat roof and was constructed circa 2000. Designed Landscape Landscaping 3M Center also contains a number of distinct landscape features. The northern portion of the campus retains several natural features that pre-date the construction of this area. These include 3M Lake, located near the northwest corner of the property; a wetland area east of the lake; and a grove of mature trees that occupies the space west of Building 251, bounded by 14th Street and Avenue R. The grove is visible in a 1947 aerial and was retained during the construction of the northern portion of the campus, with the addition of a walking path network (see Figure 2). Centrally located between McKnight Road and Century Avenue, and fronting Hudson Road is a cluster of five buildings and two parking garages arranged in a circular pattern around a central plaza (Building 221/Plaza); this area is known as the “quad.” The buildings along the south edge of the campus, in the “Quad,” are separated from Hudson Road by a substantial setback; a rolled curb is located along the length of Hudson Road and a sidewalk is not present. West of 8th Street, the lawn separating the roadway from the buildings is predominantly open, with some trees and plantings closer to Buildings 201 and 230. A flagpole and sign commemorating veterans (erected in 1977) is located southeast of Building 220 (Figure 3), and scattered trees separate the roadway from a large parking lot on the west side of 19th Street. A perennial garden, installed after 2010, is located between Hudson Road and south side of Building 220; this replaced the c.1962 reflecting pool and 1975 fountain addition (both nonextant). Curvilinear walking paths constructed between 2010 and 2013 run through the perennial garden and along the north side of Hudson Road and link the parking lot east of 12 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Buildings 222/224 with the south side of Building 229 (Figure 4). Aerial photographs (Figures 1-4) indicate that the current Hudson Road alignment was generally in place along the south side of the complex by 1966. An additional c.1955 frontage road on the north side of Hudson Road was removed by 1972, increasing the lawn spaces on the south sides of Buildings 201 and 230, although plantings in these areas remain limited to the pre- 1972 lawn footprint. Circulation Network Within the landscape is an extensive circulation network of streets and sidewalks. Innovation Boulevard and Conway Avenue run east-west through the complex and are the main circulation thoroughfares. Innovation Boulevard is slightly oriented in an east to northwest alignment, rather than running due east-west. Innovation Boulevard is a divided boulevard, with large lawns and trees between the east and westbound lanes. Approximately every 0.13 miles there are turn-arounds that allow access between the two directions; these turn-arounds are curved, giving the illusion of Innovation Boulevard being comprised of oblong ovals constructed side-by-side. Innovation Boulevard intersects with Century Avenue at the eastern edge of the 3M Center complex and heads west until approximately 8th Street. There, the westbound lanes continue straight west and come to a “T” intersection with McKnight Road North. The eastbound lanes, however, turn southwest and curve on the south side of Building 207 and connect with McKnight Road close to the intersection of McKnight Road and Hudson Road. Conway Avenue is more of a typical city street, with two paved lanes in each direction that are divided by a grassy median. Conway Avenue is oriented directly east-west. On either side of the area known as the “quad” are two north-south roads, 8th Street to the west and 19th Street to the east, which are constructed in the fashion of Innovation Boulevard, and connect Hudson Road on the south edge of the complex to Innovation Boulevard. These north-south roads also feature turn-arounds and lawns with planted trees between the northbound and southbound travel lanes. However, neither 8th Street nor 19th Street extends north of Innovation Boulevard. North of Innovation Boulevard and south of Conway Avenue, there is not a clearly articulated circulation network, but rather a series of north-south and east-west roads that extend between Innovation Boulevard and Conway Avenue, and between the parking lots associated with each building. North of Conway Avenue, 3M Center features more curvilinear streets such as Avenue R, which is the primary east-west thoroughfare for the north portion of the campus. 3M Lake, wetlands, and only two buildings (Building 255 and 278) are sited north of Avenue R. Parking Lots Paved surface parking lots are found throughout the 3M Center complex. South of Conway Avenue the majority of the buildings line McKnight Road and Conway Avenue, with the large parking lots associated with each building located to the rear of the building, which typically is on the interior of the complex, lining Innovation Boulevard. North of Conway Avenue the majority of the buildings line Avenue R, with parking lots associated with each building located to the rear, which typically fronts Conway Avenue. 13 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Small-Scale Elements The 3M Center complex includes numerous, non-countable, small-scale elements and site furnishings. These elements include Stop, Yield, One-Way, other directional and traffic management signage, flagpoles, lights, and general signage. Several signs appear to date to the original phase of development of the complex and feature metal tube posts in a tall, acute triangular shape with rounded edges. Newer signage, or old signage that necessitated replacement, is mounted on typical, modern metal posts. Figure 1. Aerial image from 1957 shows Central Research Laboratory and associated parking lot, accessed via a frontage road along the north side of Hudson Road/US 61, a divided four-lane highway. Image from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 14 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Figure 2. Aerial image from 1966 shows I-94 on the south side of Hudson Road; the westbound lane of Hudson Road was retained as an undivided two-way roadway, while the eastbound lane was subsumed by Interstate alignment. The Hudson Road alignment shifted north near the southwest corner of 3M Center, and the westernmost portion of the frontage road was obliterated in front of the Central Research Laboratory. Figure 3. This 1972 aerial photograph shows that the remaining portion of frontage road had been removed. th Hudson Road became an I-94 frontage road, 8 Street was reconfigured, and a driveway from Hudson Road was constructed to the Central Research Laboratory parking lot. Reseeding scars are partially visible where the old frontage road was removed, indicating that this change likely occurred after 1970. 15 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Figure 4. A 2015 aerial image shows the historic boundary for 3M Center in blue, indicating the locations of nonextant features including the reflecting pool and earlier frontage road. Roadway access to the Admin Building (220) had been removed. Statement of Significance History of 3M Corporation (Prepared by 106 Group, excerpted from Mathis 2009) The Founding of 3M, 1901-1905 At the turn of the twentieth century, corundum was discovered in Ontario, Canada. Eastern manufacturers quickly purchased this diamond-hard mineral for use in grinding wheels, whetstones, and sandpaper. From 1897 to 1901, the United States (U.S.) demand for corundum and emery, the two most popular abrasive minerals, doubled and continued to grow (Huck 1955:4). In 1901, Duluth prospector Ed Lewis made a discovery of what was believed to be corundum in Minnesota near the Baptism River on the North Shore of Lake Superior. Many companies rushed to the area to begin mining because of the prospect of selling the material to Eastern manufacturers (Thureen 1992:39). One such company was the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, renamed 3M in 2002 (hereinafter referred to as 3M). 3M was founded in 1902 in Two Harbors, Minnesota by five businessmen; Henry S. Bryan, superintendent of the Duluth & Iron Range Railroad; Herman W. Cable, the proprietor of a Two Harbors meat market; John Dwan, an attorney; William A. McGonagle, executive of the Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railroad; and Dr. J. Danley Budd. Their goal was to mine the diamond-hard corundum from the North Shore and sell it in 16 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ bulk to grinding wheel manufacturers, just as the Minnesota Abrasive Company had been doing (Thureen 1992:40; Huck 1955:6-10). The Minnesota Abrasive Company had been organized in April 1901 to mine the newly discovered deposits on Minnesota’s North Shore. Despite corundum's popularity as an abrasive material in the U.S., grinding wheel manufacturers were suspicious of the quality of the newly discovered source and, not long after they were organized, the Minnesota Abrasive Company ran out of funding, leaving them vulnerable to their local competitor - the newly formed Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (Huck 1955:4). Before investigating the amount of and type of mineral discovery on the North Shore, 3M was incorporated as a company, company shares were sold, mining plans were laid, and the company purchased a controlling interest in the Minnesota Abrasive Company (Huck 1955:8). Soon, company salesmen marketed corundum to grinding wheel manufacturers in Chicago and Detroit; however, no orders were immediately placed for their materials (Huck 1955:9-11). After nearly two years, their first order of one ton of corundum, sold in March 1904 (3M 2002:3). However, minimal further interest followed the first order. 3M’s founders discovered that their lack of initial success was due in large part to the fact that the mineral deposit they were marketing as corundum was actually anorthosite, a soft mineral that lacked commercial value as an abrasive (Huck 1955:16, 3M 2002:3, Bishop 2005). In response to the lack of interest from grinding wheel manufacturers in purchasing the bulk material, 3M decided to manufacture their own grinding wheels (3M 2002:4). When this attempt too was met with little initial success, as they were still using the anorthosite they mistakenly believed was corundum, the founders decided instead to manufacture sandpaper (3M 2002:5). 3M purchased mineral rights to approximately 300 acres of land and constructed a mineral crushing and screening plant near Crystal Bay circa 1903. The wood- frame plant was 50 feet by 60 feet and 64 feet in height (Thureen 1992:42). This plant was one of the primary employers in Crystal Bay township in the early 1900s. During this time, 3M also maintained their small office in Two Harbors. The first 3M sandpaper was produced in 1904, but its abrasive qualities remained inferior. Faced with the company’s ongoing financial difficulties from lack of sales, Edgar Ober, a Saint Paul railroad baron and company investor, enlisted the support of his friend Lucius Ordway, co-owner of a successful Saint Paul plumbing supply company (3M 2002:4). Ordway’s involvement in the company rapidly grew, and within a year he held the majority share and served as the company's president (3M 2002:5). The Move to Duluth, 1905-1909 By 1905, the mineral deposit’s true identity was discovered, and 3M decided to relocate to Duluth and import garnet from Spain for use in their sandpaper (3M 2002:5). Duluth was chosen as the site of the new factory after a committee was appointed to investigate the most cost effective location to set up manufacturing; they ended up converting an old Duluth Imperial flour mill into a sandpaper factory by June of 1905. The large six-story mill was conveniently located on the waterfront on Rice Point and had its own railroad siding (Huck 1955:22, 31). The company stamp on this early sandpaper included the iconic “3M Co.” logo (3M 2002:126). In 1907 and 1909, respectively, William L. McKnight and Archibald G. Bush were hired as the first bookkeepers in the Duluth office - both men would soon become important figures in the future of 3M (Milburn 2006:31-3). While the factory in Duluth was much larger in scale than the factory in Crystal Bay, it was one of hundreds of industrial and mining factories located in the Duluth area in the early twentieth century (Huck 1955:31-45). 17 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ The Move to Saint Paul, 1909-1910 Due to the location of the sandpaper plant near the port of Duluth, humidity became a menace to the manufacturing process. Investors Ober and Ordway, who were based in Saint Paul, decided to relocate the plant to Saint Paul so they could have better oversight of the company (Milburn 2006:31-32). In 1909, Lucius P. Ordway paid to move the headquarters of the company to Saint Paul even though the company was already in debt to him for over $225,000. In 1910, construction began on a new three-story plant in the Dayton’s Bluff neighborhood, approximately 1.5 miles from downtown Saint Paul (Ketz 1994:8, Huck 1955:58). The original plant, now known as Building 1, cost $35,302 and was located on Forest Street North near Fauquier Street (now Bush Avenue) in the midst of an industrial area located on the south side of the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway (CStPM&O) tracks. Due to the location of the plant between other industrial developments and surrounded by residential development on the south, this location proved to be problematic because the purchase and demolition of surrounding buildings became a necessity whenever 3M needed to expand its facilities (Huck 1955:58). Early Innovation, Success, and Growth, 1910-1920s Following the move to Saint Paul, the company again experienced a series of setbacks. Shortly after the new two-story plant was constructed and stocked with raw materials, the floor collapsed, depositing everything into the basement. After the building was finally restored and sales were becoming steady, in 1914 customers began to send back shipments of sandpaper accompanied by complaints about the inferiority of the product. At this time, 3M lacked lab facilities to determine the source of the quality issues customers were describing. McKnight, then an office manager, expressed initiative at getting to the source of the problem and was promoted to general manager. It was soon discovered that the garnet on the sandpaper had been contaminated with oil during a shipment, causing it to fail to stick to the sandpaper backing (3M 2002:7, 8). In 1916, in response to the negative client feedback concerning the oil-contaminated garnet sandpaper, the company established its first testing laboratory in Building 1 (3M 2002:126). In 1914, the company decided to expand their product line beyond sandpaper following the release of cloth coated with the artificial abrasive carborundum, manufactured by the Carborundum Company of Niagara Falls, New York (3M 2002:8). In response, 3M developed an abrasive cloth product coated in an alternative artificial mineral, aluminum oxide. The product, “THREE-M-ITE”, became wildly popular and allowed 3M to propel their products into the national market (Huck 1955:75). The product also resulted in a patent infringement lawsuit by Carborundum Company, which 3M managed to defeat in court while learning a valuable lesson about the power of patents (3M 2002:10). Between 1914 and 1919, the consumption of abrasive products in the U.S. increased 49 percent, mainly due to the munitions and industrial build up during World War I (Huck 1955:91). Growth was slow during the years leading up to American involvement in World War I but in 1916 growth increased, and the company was ready to expand. Edgar B. Ober, then the president of 3M, recommended to general manager McKnight that instead of increasing the size of the Saint Paul Main Plant campus, 3M should relocate to a city closer to raw materials and customers. McKnight said “the job of moving the entire plant to another city looked just too big to me. So we 18 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ expanded in Saint Paul and continued to be hampered by high freight costs” (Huck 1955:90). However, due to a lack of building materials during the war a partial fourth story, measuring 85 by 30 feet, was added to Building 1 instead of constructing a new building (Huck 1955:90). After World War I, the American manufacturing economy continued to grow. In 1920, McKnight received a letter from Francis G. Okie, a Philadelphia printing ink manufacturer, requesting samples of the mineral grit 3M used in manufacturing sandpaper. Okie had invented a waterproof sandpaper and wanted to experiment with different sandpaper grits. On February 3, 1921, 3M purchased Okie’s patent for waterproof sandpaper (Huck 1955:92-94). Okie came to work for 3M and by the early 1920s, 3M and Okie had developed a waterproof sandpaper known as “WETORDRY,” which quadrupled 3M’s earnings and enabled the company to push its products into the international market (Ketz 1994:9). The testing, development, and production of waterproof sandpaper prompted the 3M Main Plant campus to expand in the 1920s. Diversification and Growth, 1920s The expansion of the company due to “WETORDRY” allowed McKnight to venture into diversifying 3M’s product line in the 1920s. In the early part of that decade, Okie developed “LACQUA POLISH”, “LUSTRA WAX” (later known as “RETSUL”), and “3M SANDING LIQUID” for the expanding automotive industry (Huck 1955:127). This growth and expansion also allowed for the physical expansion at the 3M Main Plant campus. Building 2 was constructed in 1920, and expanded in 1923-1924 to house various functions for sandpaper production; Building 4 was constructed in 1922 for an unknown use; Building 3 was constructed in 1927-1928 for an unknown use; and Building 14 was constructed in 1929 for sandpaper production (Mathis et al. 2009). In 1925, Richard G. Drew, a 3M laboratory employee, began testing tape products while trying to find a new kind of industrial masking tape for the automotive industry. His new masking tape, which left no residue, was christened “SCOTCH” Brand masking tape. Yearly volume for the product grew steadily with $164,279 in sales during its first year and $1,151,023 by 1935 (Huck 1955:138). After his masking tape success, Drew began testing cellophane and adhesives and invented “SCOTCH” Brand cellulose tape in 1930 (Huck 1955:130). Later named cellophane tape, the product was a huge success even though it was introduced to the American public during the first year of the Great Depression (Huck 1955:144). Golden Era of Research, 1930-1940 On August 12, 1929, Edgar B. Ober retired as the president of 3M, and William McKnight became president (Comfort 1962:119). McKnight made it a priority to diversify the company through new product development. This effort is reflected in a quote by Mr. McKnight in which he said that, “the 1930-1940 period became known as our golden era of research” (Huck 1955:180). The company first ventured into roofing granules. In 1929, 3M purchased its only Midwest competitor, Wausau Abrasives Company in Wausau, Wisconsin, which came with a large deposit of quartz. 3M developed colored roofing granules in the early 1930s. The testing laboratory began experimenting on colorized quartz roof granules and in 1931 3M introduced “COLORQUARTZ” to the market (Huck 1955:150-151). 19 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Besides good sales of “SCOTCH” Brand tapes and “COLORQUARTZ,” 3M was able to survive the Great Depression and remain profitable with aggressive research and development, and due to their acquisition of a competitive abrasive firm, the Baeder-Adamson Company from Philadelphia, which was the oldest manufacturer of sandpaper in the U.S. (Huck 1955:179). In 1930, McKnight purchased the Baeder-Adamson plant, closed it, and moved its employees and machinery to Saint Paul, which increased the value of 3M by 25 cents on the dollar and allowed the company to continue product development appropriations (Huck 1955:180). In 1935, 3M developed an under seal coating for automobiles. By 1936, an Adhesives Division was established and an adhesives plant and laboratory were opened in Detroit to be near the automobile industry (3M 2002:128). As the demand for “SCOTCH” Brand products increased in the 1930s, 3M needed to expand its facilities; however, the company decided to work with the space it had due to an unfavorable tax situation in Minnesota in the mid-1930s (Huck 1955:148). In 1935, the Farmer-Labor administration under Governor Floyd Olson proposed enforcement of a corporate-excess tax law, which was on the statute books from 1878 (Huck 1955:167). After a 1937 lawsuit in which the Minnesota State Supreme Court repealed the corporate-excess tax law, combined with the fact that the nation was finally starting to come out of the depression, 3M was ready to expand their Main Plant campus in the late 1930s. In September of 1937, McKnight announced a half-million- dollar expansion program (Huck 1955:169-170). This expansion corresponded with another plan announced by McKnight that same year to develop a Central Research Laboratory, New Products Department, Products Fabrication Laboratory, and expand the Engineering Department (Huck 1955:199-200). As part of this expansion effort, construction on Building 20 started in 1937 and was completed in 1938, the Central Research Laboratory opened in 1937, a new corporate headquarters (Building 21) was completed in 1939, the New Products Department was created in 1940, and an addition to Building 20 was started in 1940 and completed in 1941. The Central Research Laboratory was developed to “supplement activities of 3M’s division labs that worked on product refinements and to explore independent, long-range scientific problems beyond the ken of any division” (3M 2002:17). The first product to come out of the expanded research program was “SCOTCHLITE” Brand reflective sheeting in 1937. In 1937, “SCOTCHLITE” Brand reflective sheeting, a road striping material, was tested for durability by being laid on Victoria Street in Saint Paul near the intersection of Marshall Avenue. In 1938, it was tested along Arcade Street (Highway 61) just north of the Main Plant campus (Huck 1955:219). The glass-bead product slowly entered the reflective sheeting market as additional testing continued, and it finally became a profitable 3M product by 1947 (Huck 1955:221). World War II and Post War Growth, 1940s The entry of the U.S. into World War II challenged the Central Research Laboratory at 3M to develop productive war materials with minimal raw materials. One of these products was “SAFETY-WALK” Brand non-slip sheeting. This granule coated material allowed for safe walking on ship decks, submarines, and airplane wings, and on other surfaces where water and oil could make it dangerous (Huck 1955:227-228). “SCOTCHLITE” Brand reflective sheeting was used on aircraft carriers and “SCOTCH” acetate fibre tape and cellulose cloth tape were 20 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ heavily used during the war in many applications including covering metal surfaces, rivets, and screws on planes to prevent corrosion, and for securing protective coverings on mechanical parts during shipment. 3M obtained many military contracts during World War II for the production of hundreds of products (3M n.d.:Box 129.E.19.7B, World War II Application of 3M Products, circa 1944). Prior to the outbreak of the war 3M had begun experimenting with silicone, however three major companies, including General Electric, were ahead of 3M in development and by the time World War II broke out 3M’s competitors had patents for silicone applications. 3M’s scientists believed there was a market and other uses for silicone and began researching fluorochemicals. In 1952, the company had almost 100 people dedicated to finding a marketable product for fluorochemicals. After many years of testing and development they had found a product, and in 1956 3M launched “Scotchguard” fabric and upholstery protector (3M 2002:54-55). As the U.S. war effort continued, 3M increased production and the 3M workforce nationwide increased from 3,300 in 1941 to almost 5,300 in 1943 (3M 1943; 3M 2002:18). As part of this expansion, the Products Fabrication Laboratory was opened in 1943 and the Engineering Department finally expanded in 1944 from approximately 200 employees up to 1,000 employees (Huck 1955:200). The workforce continued to expand after World War II and by 1948 the company needed to restructure its corporate management due to its increasingly diversified product line. In 1948, the company was divided into eight divisions: Coated Abrasives, Roofing Granules, Adhesives and Coatings, Central Manufacturing, Color and Chemical Division, Electrical Insulation and Sound-Recording Tape, Pressure-Sensitive Tapes, and Reflective Sheeting (Huck 1955:238). National Growth, 1947-1953 In 1947, as 3M sales increased, new manufacturing plants were opened around the U.S. in order to meet the growing demand for their products. In many cases manufacturing plants were opened in markets across the country where raw materials, transportation, and labor were available. In 1947, a tape factory was opened in Hutchinson, Minnesota; an adhesives plant was opened in Los Angeles, California; and a roofing granules plant was opened in Little Rock, Arkansas (3M 2002:129). The Main Plant campus also continued to expand, and by 1949 3M employed 4,300 people at their Saint Paul facilities (3M 1949:12). Shortly after World War II, several buildings were constructed at the Main Plant campus, including Building 30, whose use was unknown (1946-1948); Building 40, a water tower and pump house (1948); Building 41, which housed First Merchants State Bank (1948); Building 24, a tape finishing plant (1949-1951); and Building 42, an office building (1950). Due to space restrictions at the site, no new buildings would be constructed at the Main Plant campus until the mid-1980s, when the two final buildings on the east side of Saint Paul were constructed by 3M (Mathis et al. 2009). In 1950, 3M developed what was hailed as the “strongest tape ever” (3M 1950). “SCOTCH” Brand filament tape No. 890 was designed for heavy packaging and, with imbedded glass filaments in the tape, it had a tensile 21 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ strength of ¼ ton per inch of width. In 1951, 3M developed the “THERMO-FAX” copying process, the predecessor of modern day copy machines (3M 1950). In the 1940s, the Central Research Laboratory had begun experimenting with magnetic sound-recording tape and in 1951, 3M developed “SCOTCH” Brand magnetic sound-recording tape (Huck 1955:203). 3M considers Bing Crosby instrumental in promoting the new product, as he first used it to record his hourly dinner show for the American Broadcasting Company (Huck 1955:208-209). Between 1953 and 1954, the Magnetic Tape Division produced three types of sound recording products: high output tape, extra play tape, and a striped 33-mm tape (Comfort 1962:184). By 1953, “SCOTCHLITE” Brand reflective sheeting was grossing around $10 million annually (Huck 1955:221). This was in part due to 3M’s patent of red reflective sheeting that was visible at night. The successful use of this product led to the U.S. Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices decision to propose red STOP signs as the national standard in June of 1953 (Huck 1955:226). An International Company In 1949, McKnight became the chairman of the board and Richard P. Carlton became president of the company. Carlton had worked for 3M since 1921 when he was hired as a laboratory assistant (3M 2002:129). Although the company was growing at an almost exponential rate in the U.S., Carlton set his sights on a much broader market. In 1951, 3M established an International Division. One of the reasons Carlton decided to push into the international market was that he “recognized that technology wasn’t just being developed in the United States. New businesses overseas needed technical service support, just as 3M had always done in America” (3M 2002:139). Also “American companies has the advantage of an industrial and research base largely in place and a large home market in the United States, while Europe and Asia were rebuilding after the war” (3M 2002:141). International facilities were opened in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. In 1959, 3M’s sales exceeded $500 million, including international sales (3M 2002:130). In 1953, Herb Buetow succeeded Carlton as the president of 3M and the company developed plans for a large expansion plan that would revolve around a new facility to be built in Maplewood, Minnesota, called 3M Center. The company broke ground in Maplewood in 1953 and the first building was completed later that year. This marked the beginning of the shift of the company’s headquarters from the East Side of Saint Paul to a new campus further east. The corporate headquarters of 3M were officially relocated from the Main Plant in Saint Paul to 3M Center when its first administration building was completed in 1962 (3M 2002:130-131). The corporate move into the suburbs fits into the mid-Twentieth century trend toward corporate campuses and corporate estates. Corporations Head to the Suburbs (Prepared by 106 Group, edited by MnDOT CRU) 22 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ In the post-war era, corporations moved to the suburbs for space to contain their expanding World War II and postwar-era operations and staff levels, as well as the desire to control public access to their facilities (Mozingo 2000:258). This move to the suburbs followed in the footsteps of residential and commercial developments, and was facilitated by the growing prevalence of automobiles in the post-World War II years (Mozingo 2000:256). Suburban locations provided an opportunity for new corporate designs, in the form of corporate campuses and corporate estates, which would feature greenscape views that were believed to increase employee productivity. Corporate campuses and corporate estates also provided a crucial entry point for corporations into previously residential-only zones, by signifying their stark contrast to noxious factories through the presence of landscape setbacks and the presence of park-like features such as rolling lawns, trees, and lakes (Mozingo 2000:259). This made their presence palatable both to the public and municipal authorities, who appreciated the increased tax revenues that corporations generated compared to residential developments. As Business Week noted, “Office buildings look like a heaven-sent answer. They carry a big share of the tax load, but don’t clutter up the countryside” (Mozingo 2000:259). Finally, corporations appreciated the ability to position their corporate campus and estate designs along major thoroughfares, providing a convenient and perpetual method of advertisement (Mozingo 2000:259). In the post-World War II era many “corporations shifted \[their\] headquarters from the urban core to the suburbs, and created office campuses that were designed to keep employees on-site with features such as subsidized cafes and other services. The large parking lots, freeway access, and building mass and placement reflect common features of suburban corporate campuses development during this time” (Zahn 2014:47). Examples of corporations moving their headquarters from urban to suburban locations were seen throughout the United States, such as General Motors’ move from downtown Detroit to Warren, Michigan in 1956 and Reynolds Metals Company’s International Headquarters (later Phillip Morris USA/Altria) move from downtown Richmond, Virginia to Henrico, Virginia in 1955-58. In Minnesota, this trend was followed by companies leaving Minneapolis such as Toro, who moved to Bloomington in 1952 and Medtronic who moved to Fridley in the 1970s (Mozingo 2000). With the move to the suburbs came new designs for corporate headquarters. These primarily consisted of the corporate campus design and corporate estate design. Corporate Campus Design The corporate campus design first appeared in the 1940s, and like the university campuses after which they are modeled, typically consisted of offices and laboratory buildings arranged around a central open green space, surrounded by circulation routes connecting parking lots located around the periphery of the campus. Corporate campuses were initially designed to house office space for industrial scientists, and modeled after university campuses because industrial scientists were eager, at that time, to distinguish themselves from factory laborers (Kenneth Meade, General American Association for the Advancement of Science 1946, quoted in Mozingo 2000:262). The corporate campus evoked the prestige and “reputation for independent intellectual inquiry” of the university (Mozingo 2000:263). 23 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ The first corporate campus was the AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories, designed by Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith and completed in 1942 on 213 acres in Murray Hill, New Jersey (Library of Congress 2016). It featured large landscape setbacks, a three-story height limit, and buried utilities (Mozingo 2000:262). In 1956, the General Motors Technical Center corporate campus, designed by the architectural firm of Saarinen and Swanson and landscape architect Thomas Church, was completed in Warren, Michigan and boasted a cutting edge modernist design which garnered high praise in the press, further cementing the model’s popularity among corporate research enterprises (Mozingo 2000:264, Schweinberg 2012). A local example of the corporate campus design includes General Mills in Golden Valley, Minnesota. The Modern style east wing of the complex was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1959, and the west wing was designed by A. Epstein & Sons, Inc., and completed in 1967 (University of Michigan 2016; Grover 2015). Later additions to the complex were designed by Meyer, Scherer & Rockcastle (1992) and Hammel Green and Abrahamson, Inc. (2003) (Grover 2015). Hammel Green and Abrahamson, Inc. noted their process of taking “design cues” from the main building with an eye toward “maintaining the tranquil campus aesthetic” for designing the more recent buildings (HGA Architects and Engineers 2016). The buildings are surrounded by rolling expanses of lawn, wooded copses, and small lakes; to the north of the corporate campus is the General Mills Nature Preserve, which further emphasizes the presence of nature (NETR 2013). Corporate Estate Design Following on the heels of the popularity of the corporate campus design, the corporate estate design, which was characterized by a “single imposing building, typically executed in the Modern style on an expansive scenic landscape often beside an expressway or other major thoroughfare,” was selected to amplify the prestige that the former corporate campus design conveyed (Mead & Hunt 2012:51). “The corporate estate had a definite natural, picturesque landscape character that served as a major selling point to new and existing employees” (Mead & Hunt 2012:51). The United States’ first corporate estate was constructed by General Foods when they moved their headquarters from Manhattan to White Plains, New York in 1953 (Feron 1979, White Plains Historical Society 2016). A local example of the corporate estate design is the Prudential Insurance Company of America (Prudential), North Central Home Office (NCHO), now Target Corporation, at 3701 Wayzata Boulevard in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The building, designed by Minneapolis firm Magney, Tusler and Setter in the Modern style, was completed in 1955 on a 30-acre site adjacent to Theodore Wirth Park. The building consists of an imposing 10- story central tower with north, south, and west wings, and a two-story triangular annex at the northeast corner of the building. The property fronts South Wazata Boulevard and Interstate 394 to the north, and Brownie Lake to the southeast (Mead & Hunt 2012:47). The Minneapolis-based landscape architecture firm of Morrell and Nichols designed landscape features with “large grassy areas with mature trees and other ornamental plantings at the front and sides of the building,” as well as two sun terraces, a horseshoe pit, a croquet green, and softball fields (Mead & Hunt 2012:49, 50). 3M Center Campus Historic Narrative 24 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ (Prepared by Mead & Hunt) Although the forces responsible for steering the company in the mid-1950s operated from the Administration Building in St. Paul (also known as Building 21), the technical work of experimentation and innovation had occurred elsewhere for some time already. After moving to St. Paul in 1910, the company initially had a single General Laboratory. Beginning with the separation of the Tape Laboratory in 1926, followed by the Mineral Laboratory in 1928, 3M developed a policy of decentralizing laboratories into division-specific groups in order to speed innovation within the various research programs (Hirsch 1956: 1). This ultimately led to the establishment of many divisional labs that each focused on specific product areas, such as tape, abrasives, or magnetic products, while other laboratories such as the Central Research Laboratory did not have product- or area-specific mandates. While some divisional laboratories were located on-site, other important research facilities associated with the St. Paul plant and headquarters were historically located elsewhere in the city due to space constraints, including the vitally important Central Research Laboratory. Recognizing that past innovation had focused largely on what management dubbed “ingenious fabrications” rather than pure research, in 1937 3M launched an expanded research program aimed at increasing growth through new product development (Huck 1955: 198-99). The Central Research Laboratory was a key feature in this new program, created in order to provide a space for long-range, inter-divisional research and development—what laboratory operations director (and future 3M president) Richard Carlton saw as “pure research that focused on products not even imagined yet” (3M 2002: 17). The fledgling laboratory began with a five-person staff in a small area near the tape laboratory in Building 2 on the St. Paul campus (non-extant) (3M 1987: 1-2). Although originally intended to drive new product development, much of the lab’s work soon focused on finding alternatives to materials that were considered critical to the war effort, and therefore in reduced or restricted supply (3M 1945: 1). In the final months of World War II, however, the Central Research Lab was relocated to the top floor of the Benz Building, located at 367 Grove Street (now the headquarters of the St. Paul Police Department). The Central Library, a technical library shared with the divisional labs, was also relocated at that time (3M 1945: 2). Another key innovation center, the Product Fabrication Laboratory (“Profab Lab”) was set up in 1943 to focus on development of new and innovative methods of fabrication and production, and was also located offsite in downtown St. Paul in an older industrial building on Seventh Street (3M 2002: 26). The company had previously expected that at the war’s conclusion, the Central Research Lab and all divisional laboratories would be relocated to a new central facility at the Main Plant (3M 1945: 2). It was soon clear, however, that this campus could not provide sufficient space to house these laboratories in a single new facility. Since product research already occupied a vital place in 3M’s corporate ethos, by the late 1940s, the company had decided to create a research campus with “room to grow.” The concept of a new and separate research and development center appeared as early as 1947. The former head of Goodyear’s research laboratory, C.W. Walton, was brought in as head of 3M’s newly established New Products Division. Walton had recently compiled a series of reports on how other companies had established research and development facilities. As the company grappled with severe overcrowding in most of its 25 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ laboratories, he suggested that, like General Motors and others, 3M might establish a separate research center for some or all laboratory staff and researchers. This concept, which he described as “a modern and generally accepted principle of housing research and development personnel,” offered “untold flexibility in long-range planning” and could anticipate 3M’s needs for up to 15 years (Walton 1947). Laboratory directors and section leaders at 3M were also strongly in favor of a new research location separate from the Main Plant. When interviewed by upper management, they expressed that a site outside the city would be more “conducive to creative thinking,” and that a separate location would also have an advertising value that would attract prospective employees (Stephens 1951). Prior to developing the new research campus, 3M dispatched two representatives to tour the research facilities of comparable companies, including the research center of the Johns-Manville Corporation (makers of roofing shingles and insulation products) in New Jersey and the campus of the DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware. The representatives were highly impressed with the DuPont campus, which had recently been enlarged to include a number of highly modern, multi-winged brick laboratories grouped together; these labs provided top-notch equipment and proximity for the various research groups, and may have served as the inspiration for 3M’s own research complex in the years that followed (Guthrie and Parkinson 1952). Despite the open space offered by a new suburban 3M site, development of the research center was not initially planned beyond the initial construction of Central Research, and by October 1952 the company had no concrete plans for additional facilities. As word of the project spread, staff in several of the divisional laboratories reacted poorly to the idea of being left behind in substandard accommodations. Lloyd A. Hatch, vice president in charge of research and product development, advised President W.L. McKnight that in order to repair the morale of “people on whom we are depending for new ideas and improvements capable of bringing in actual sales dollars and profits,” the company should develop a plan for additional research and development facilities that could accommodate the divisional labs (Hatch 1952). In the postwar period, a number of large corporations in the Twin Cities and nationwide relocated their urban headquarters to nearby suburban locations, taking advantage of favorable tax rates and larger tracts of available land that enabled the development of sprawling campuses. 3M is one such company. After considering a number of sites at the outskirts of St. Paul, in December 1952 the company purchased a 125-acre tract in Maplewood at the northeast corner of East Avenue (now McKnight Road) and Hudson Road (the western half of the present southern parcel) and announced plans for new construction early in 1953 (3M 1959b). The first developmental phase did ultimately include both Central Research (Building 201) and divisional laboratories for Electrical Products (Building 207) and Graphic Products (Building 209) (3M 1955b). Although unwilling to commit to a timeline for relocating all divisional labs, McKnight emphasized that the new site was to be a research center and would be expanded in the years to come, as “in recent years it has become evident that there would be certain advantages derived by isolating research operations from other phases of the company operations” (Verstraete 1952). Thus, the Maplewood site was not simply an additional satellite space adjunct to the Main Plant, but a distinct and vital element in its own right, deliberately intended to drive future research and innovation and propel the continued growth of the company. 26 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ In addition to the purely practical need to house researchers, the new research center served as a very public commitment to the company’s policy of encouraging innovation and its desire to be known as a leader in the field. Indeed, the committee responsible for overseeing the project noted that while the need for space was pressing, “it is recognized that the provision of a modern Central Research laboratory will add a great deal to the prestige and standing of 3M in the field of research and in the industrial community” (3M 1952). Promotional statements that accompanied the opening of Central Research resoundingly reflect this corporate ethos and policy, echoing the conviction that research and product development created new products, which in turn created thousands of jobs (St. Paul Dispatch 1955). As Central Research director Carl Barnes stated in the dedication program, “Our new central research building is in itself an expression of management’s faith in research” (3M 1955). This faith continued to be expressed as 3M went on to construct over one-half-million square feet of space at the research center between 1954 and 1959. The new facilities included labs for the Electrical Products, Graphic Products, Nuclear Research, and Hydrogenation divisions, as well as a pilot plant and utilities center to provide steam and cooling (3M 1959). As the 1950s drew to a close, 3M had long since outgrown its administrative spaces in St. Paul (including the 3M Administration Building) and began to look to 3M Center as the site for future growth. The company purchased additional land east of the existing campus, doubling its size to a total of 265 acres. With more than 1,000 office staff already housed in temporary space at the Maplewood research center, in 1959 the company announced plans for an unprecedented expansion that was planned to accommodate all research and administrative facilities through the early 1970s. The first phase, representing the largest single construction project undertaken in the company’s history, included a 14-story administration building (Building 220), at the time the largest single-occupant building in the Twin Cities (3M 1970). Adjacent to the administration building, the company constructed a two-story cafeteria (222) and an underground parking ramp (221) with a plaza above. 3M President Herbert Buetow described the project as a “major step in the development of a combined research and administrative headquarters in pace with 3M growth,” and upon its completion, Building 220 replaced the 3M Administration Building (Building 21) as the corporate headquarters (3M 1959a: 1). The concept of combining the research and administrative facilities away from manufacturing represented a departure from company tradition. The St. Paul Administration Building was historically surrounded by a sprawl of industrial buildings, and, by default or design, reflected close ties to the company’s manufacturing roots. The new administrative portion of 3M Center, in contrast, reflected a deliberate attempt to project a corporate identity that placed research and innovation at the forefront. As Buetow stated, “the key role of research in our continued growth makes it logical that research and administrative facilities be coordinated in one 3M center \[sic\]” (3M 1959a: 2). While the St. Paul plant was, by that time, one of dozens of manufacturing facilities around the world, 3M Center remained the site of all of the company’s research activities into the 1970s (with the 1 exception of one photographic research laboratory in Harlow, England, which opened in 1963) (3M 1970). 1 While the company maintained numerous other laboratory spaces at the St. Paul plant and at most manufacturing sites, these laboratories were used primarily for testing and quality control. These should be distinguished from research laboratories, which were found only at 3M Center and Harlow during this period. 27 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Over the course of the 1960s, 3M’s international operations expanded substantially, and more than 20 new international subsidiaries were formed (3M 1996). By 1970, more than 40 percent of all 3M employees were located overseas, as compared to less than 25 percent 10 years earlier. Of nearly 38,000 employees in the U.S., approximately 20 percent worked at 3M Center (3M 1996; 1970). Throughout the decade, 3M continued to develop the campus to provide additional research and administrative space. In 1967, the company broke ground for another office building adjacent to Building 220; like its neighbor, this six-story, 560,000-square-foot building (224) was larger than any other single-occupant building in the Twin Cities at that time (3M 1970). During this period, the company continued to construct additional divisional laboratories as well, including those for the Tape (230), Graphics (235), and Magnetic Products (236) divisions. Existing buildings were enlarged, including an east addition to Central Research (completed in 1960) and an expansion of the plaza/underground parking ramp (221). Several physical plant buildings also expanded to accommodate the additional demands of the growing campus. The 1970s saw continued growth at 3M, as the company added 16 additional international companies, a Pharmaceuticals division (through the acquisition of Riker Labs in 1970), and by the end of the decade had surpassed $5 billion in sales. 3M Center continued to serve as the headquarters and research center of a corporation with manufacturing and sales operations at dozens of locations across the U.S., as well as offices and factories in 46 foreign countries. With sales and workforce constantly increasing, 3M soon found itself approaching the maximum capacity of the 265-acre 3M Center site. An internal report prepared in 1970 projected that, based on current growth rates, the company could expect the workforce at 3M Center to triple by 1980. The existing facilities were designed to accommodate 12,000 employees, a total the report predicted 3M Center would exceed by 1975. In January 1971, the company announced that it had purchased an additional 142-acre parcel on the north side of Conway Avenue, bounded by Carlton Avenue on the east, Minnehaha Avenue on the north, and McKnight Road on the west (Presbrey 1971). The building campaign that commenced in 1973 saw the largest number of construction projects begun in any single year at the Maplewood complex. Demonstrating 3M’s ongoing commitment to research, the first wave of construction on the new northern parcel included three large laboratories; Buildings 251 and 252 were built to house 340 employees in divisional labs for Automotive-Hardware Trades, Industrial Abrasives, and Building Services and Cleaning Products, and an additional lab building (260) was constructed at that time, along with a small switch house (258) (Minneapolis Star Tribune 1973). Expansion continued on the south side of Conway Avenue as well, where the administrative cluster expanded to its present size and assumed its completed quadrangle arrangement with the construction of Building 223 and the lower portion of Building 225. Work began on an additional parking ramp (227) and the two office buildings (223 and 225) in 1973. Building 223 housed 1,800 employees with office space and dining facilities (Star Tribune 1973). Figures 5 and 6 depict the campus at the completion of this construction campaign, which resulted in the addition of six substantial buildings and structures. 28 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Figure 5. 3M Center in 1977 viewed from Century Avenue looking west. The Magnetic/Film Labs and Pilot Plant (Building 236) are in the foreground, with the administrative quad in the upper left and new labs north of Conway Avenue in the upper right. Image courtesy of 3M Corporation. 29 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Figure 6. 3M Center in 1977 viewed from Hudson Road at McKnight Road looking northeast. The Central Research Lab (Building 201) is in the foreground, with divisional labs in the upper left and Building 260 in the center background. Image courtesy of 3M Corporation. With the completion of this wave of construction in 1975, subsequent expansion on the Maplewood campus slowed considerably. In the mid-1970s, the company announced plans to develop a new campus site located in Oakdale, several miles east of the Maplewood campus, on lands gradually acquired since the mid-1960s. Construction at this 563-acre site was expected to begin in 1979; echoing the stages of development at 3M Center, this new site was planned to accommodate the next phase of the company’s growth from 1981 through 2000. The company predicted that the new campus, dubbed “Carlton Park,” would one day house an additional 18,000 employees (3M 1976). The Carlton Park project appears to have drawn the expansion focus away from 3M Center; during the 14-year period from 1976 through 1989, only three substantial buildings were added to the Maplewood complex. These include a large parking ramp west of the administrative quad (229), an additional laboratory north of Conway Avenue (270), and the Information Technology (IT) building (243), as well as the addition of the four upper floors of Building 225. Despite years of planning and environmental studies, however, the proposed research park was never 2 constructed. Instead, the company resumed construction on the northern portion of the Maplewood campus in 1990, and within a year added parking ramps, a cafeteria, and a large office building between Buildings 260 and 270, along with additional laboratory space (Building 250). Invention In the first four decades from its founding in 1902 through World War II, 3M made its name through product lines that included wet-or-dry sandpaper, adhesive tape, and reflective sheeting, and introduced new products 3 including magnetic audio tape and the first thermo-fax copier shortly thereafter. In the process, the company developed a wealth of knowledge that served as a platform for many future advances in adhesives, plastic film, and non-woven fibers. Innovations in these fields continued in the postwar period, and the impetus provided by the Cold War and the space program led to a proliferation of new products and technologies as the company expanded its research into new fields, including elastomers and nuclear power. From the mid-1950s onward, Central Research and the divisional labs (located at the Maplewood complex) were at the heart of these 2 3M representatives declined to comment on the decision to abandon the project. 3 3M does not publicly disclose the exact locations of specific activities, research, or discoveries due to the proprietary nature of many of these innovations. However, in some cases, historical narratives clearly indicate that key staff were based at Central Research after 1954; after 1962, 3M Center was the corporate headquarters and derives significance from any additional innovations introduced. Although 3M scientists are responsible for many additional products and discoveries between 1954 and 1962 that likely occurred at 3M Center, this document focuses on selected examples with clear and documented associations to the Maplewood campus during the 1954-1975 period of significance. With the understanding that innovations typically resulted from several years of research, this document does not address innovations that were introduced publicly within the period of significance but whose crucial developmental stages are known to predate the establishment of 3M Center, nor does it address products introduced publicly after 1975 that do not have documented discoveries within the period of significance. 30 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ advances, capitalizing on the collaborative environment fostered by the research campus. Central Research staff shared equipment and expertise with divisional labs, and the company’s long-standing policy for researchers and other technical staff encouraged “bootlegging,” or pursuit of independent projects, as well as collaboration and informal information sharing across departments (3M 2002: 21). To provide a complete list of 3M’s patents and “firsts” would be exhaustive, as the company’s market breadth is expansive enough that, as corporate literature proclaims, “You’re rarely more than 10 feet away from 3M Science” (3M 2016c). In the postwar period, 3M turned its attention to the new field of fluorochemicals, and by the early 1950s this area represented 3M’s largest long-range research project. Within this field, the development of Scotchgard from a niche-market wool treatment into a widely used fabric protector is a prime example of the type of creative thinking and “bootlegging” encouraged by 3M. The basis for Scotchgard was originally developed by 3M fluorochemical research technician Patsy Sherman in 1953, and further research continued until the first 4 marketable iteration was released to the public in 1956.Initially, its use was largely confined to the Australian wool manufacturing industry, as the product’s efficacy was limited to wool and could not withstand laundering. Sherman continued to refine the product in an attempt to create a washable version that could be used on other fibers. Using her “15-percent time” to pursue independent projects, Sherman eventually developed a solution and, in 1967, 3M introduced the new Scotchgard carpet and upholstery protector with a soil-release component. Upon introduction of the new formula, Scotchgard sales skyrocketed from $200,000 annually to $3 million within the first year alone. Today, the product line includes more than 100 protectors and cleaners, and into the 2000s the company continued to receive more than 20 patents each year for technologies related to fluorochemicals (3M 2002: 55-57). The company made a number of important contributions to the success of the Apollo space program. Following a disastrous fire at Cape Kennedy in 1967, NASA required new nonflammable materials for use in the Apollo command module. To meet this need, 3M developed a new flame-resistant elastomer known as Fluorel; when Neil Armstrong took his first steps on the moon in 1969, his boot soles were coated in this material (Popular Science 1969: 131). 3M also produced the docking targets that enabled Apollo 11’s lunar module to rendezvous with the command module after the successful moon landing (Von Braun 1969: 128). In the mid-1960s, the company developed the nuclear-fueled SNAP-27 thermoelectric generator to provide power for work on the lunar surface (Flight International 1965: 5; National Academies 1983: 5. 3M’s food service module, developed for the Apollo program in 1966-1967, consisted of a dish with an integrated heating system. A commercial version introduced in the 1970s became the basis of the 1991 “Food Service System 2.” Using individual serving dishes with integrated heating elements, pre-made foods are plated and stored on thermalization carts for reheating; this “cook-chill” method is still used for meal preparation in many hospitals and nursing homes today (Spinoff \[NASA\] 1992: 78-79). 4 Sources indicate that Sherman had been working on fluorochemicals with Central Research, and at this early date the first formulation was likely discovered prior to the opening of 3M Center; however, subsequent research – including the refinements that led to the successful re-release in 1967 – would have occurred at 3M Center. 31 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ One of 3M’s great strengths lay in its ability to develop products and technologies that crossed multiple divisions or applied one division’s technology to another’s research problem. Similarly, the company’s scientists were constantly experimenting with new applications and variations within 3M’s existing areas of strength. Building upon earlier experience with magnetic tape, in 1970 3M introduced the Tattle Tape book detection system (still in use today) to prevent book theft at libraries (Segrave 2001: 81). While nonwoven fiber technology was first developed for use in filament tape, the company continued to build on these concepts using meltblown webs and introduced the first disposable dust mask in 1961 (3M 2002: 173). In 1973, scientists at 3M began testing nonwoven microfiber material for insulation, resulting in the revolutionary low-loft insulation known as Thinsulate. Launched publicly in 1978, Thinsulate set a new standard for cold-weather apparel and is now used for a variety of other applications, including automotive sound absorption, dry diving suit lining, and food packaging (3M n.d. Thinsulate). Cold War defense needs sometimes led to the creation of products that became ubiquitous in the civilian world. Already supplying 20,000 sheets of transparency film per month to the war room at the U.S. Air Force’s Omaha Strategic Air Command Base, 3M scientists set out to produce an overhead projector that would complement the film product line and replace the dim, bulky technology available at the time. Market research showed that users desired a folding unit the size of a briefcase. The 3M projector, released in 1962, met these needs and used a new type of Fresnel lens made of structured-surface plastic. The product soon became a mainstay in classrooms nationwide, and the lens became the basis of the company’s microreplication technology in the decades that followed, particularly the optics initiative, the root of approximately 20 percent of all products sold by 3M in 1983 (3M 2002: 57-59). Other innovations similarly followed the desire to improve on existing technology and develop new devices that used 3M products, such as magnetic audio tape. After acquiring Revere-Wollensak, (manufacturers of audio tape recorders and players), 3M introduced its own line of machines, including the groundbreaking Wollensak Automatic, a self-changing audio tape recorder/player that first debuted in 1963 and used a proprietary cartridge system to provide up to 15 hours of music (New York Times 1964). Capitalizing on the company’s expertise in adhesives, 3M introduced other new products in the 1960s, including “Scotchcal” marking film. First used on the 1964 Ford Mustang, Scotchcal was typically used to create racing stripes and decals commonly seen on the iconic muscle cars of the 1960s and 1970s. A later generation of Scotchcal tape incorporated an offshoot of the microreplication technology developed for projector lenses, which reduced drag and helped the yacht Stars & Stripes reclaim the America’s Cup in a high-profile race in Fremantle, Australia, in 1987 (3M 2002: 115, 133). 3M products were featured in the entertainment industry as well; continuing to pursue earlier achievements with Scotchlite reflective products, 3M scientist Philip Palmquist used the same reflective bead technology to develop a revolutionary type of rear-projection screen for composite cinematography. The screen allowed cinematographers to project scenery from behind, using footage shot elsewhere. First used in 1968 in the opening sequence of the film “2001: A Space Odyssey” (as well as in “Barbarella” the same year), the technology earned Palmquist and 3M an Academy Award in 1969 (IMDB n.d.). As perhaps the best-known 3M product, the Post-it note is an outstanding example of the company’s commitment to innovation through encouragement of creative thinking and collaboration. Research scientist 32 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Spencer Silver first developed a reusable nondestructive adhesive at the Central Research Lab in 1968. Silver was initially unable to find a practical application for it, but continued to discuss it with colleagues, undiscouraged, until 1974, when fellow scientist Art Fry discovered that it could be applied to small pieces of paper (Lees-Maffei 2015: 143-44). After several years of test marketing, the Post-it note was eventually introduced nationwide in 1980 and the adhesive was subsequently adapted for 3M’s Command Hook product line as well, enabling the trademarked plastic hooks to adhere firmly to wall surfaces without the need for nails or screws (3M 2002: 38-40, 108). Now sold in thousands of product varieties in over 150 countries, the Post-it note has become a fixture in American popular culture and generates an estimated $500 million in annual 5 revenue (Newman 2010; Sherman 2017: 209). Significance This addendum supplements the 2016 historic context under Criteria A and C. Additional research did not support significance under Criterion B. Criterion A 3M Center has significance at the national level under Criterion A in the areas of Commerce and Invention from 1954 to 1975 for its role as the primary research and administrative facility for 3M, a multinational corporation remarkable for its product diversity. While 3M faces competition from industry leaders including Honeywell International, Johnson & Johnson, General Electric, and DuPont, none of these major corporations possesses a comparable market breadth despite larger revenues and greater numbers of employees. Within the period of significance, 3M had numerous divisions that produced chemicals, adhesives, coatings and sealers, abrasives, reflective products, electrical products, magnetic products, audio recording equipment, duplication technology, visual products, specialty paper, printing products, microfilm, decorative products, and photographic film and equipment. Throughout much of its history, 3M has maintained a policy of heavy financial reinvestment in research; its corporate culture has encouraged scientists, engineers, and other technical staff to pursue independent projects unrelated to existing product lines. Research has historically been a vital driver of expansion, and the company has relied on long-range research in order to expand into new markets, including fluorochemicals, audio technology, visual products, film, and medical products. Throughout much of its history, 3M has derived a significant portion of its revenue from products developed within the preceding five years, and accordingly viewed long-range research as crucial to ongoing success. The corporate emphasis on experimentation has resulted in numerous scientific advances and patents on products integral to improving many aspects of modern life, and business textbooks often offer 3M as a sterling example of how these attitudes helped create and maintain a successful company. These products range from space-age materials such as Fluorel to the iconic Post-it note, as well as more mundane (but ubiquitous) items, such as the overhead projector and Thinsulate insulation, that soon became fixtures of daily life for millions of Americans. 5 3M does not release revenue data for individual products. The sources calculate this figure based on publicly available sales data and pricing information. 33 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ As of 2017, 3M’s global revenue surpassed $30 billion and the international corporation employs more than 90,000 people worldwide at research and manufacturing facilities. 3M offers thousands of products to serve the household, medical, automotive, construction, media, and other markets. Alongside competitors including Honeywell International, Johnson & Johnson, General Electric, and DuPont, 3M has spent 23 years on Fortune magazine’s list of the 500 largest companies in the U.S. by revenue, which now account for two-thirds of the U.S. th Gross Domestic Product; 3M is currently ranked 94on the list (Fortune 500 2017). Although not the only extant resource associated with 3M’s history, 3M Center in Maplewood is distinctly significant within the 1954-1975 period—first as the heart of long-range research and also as the corporate headquarters starting in 1962—and best represents the company’s innovations and contributions in the “atomic age.” Manufacturing facilities in Duluth associated with the earliest period of 3M’s history are nonextant, and early mining operations near Crystal Bay were short-lived and unrelated to the company’s later success (the land was subsequently donated to the State of Minnesota and is now Tettegouche State Park). Two other extant resources associated with the pre-1953 development of 3M have been previously listed in the National Register. The first, the John Dwan Office Building in Two Harbors, housed the corporate offices from the company’s founding in 1902 until 1916, when all activities were relocated to St. Paul (Roise 1992: 8:1, 8:6). The second listed property is the 3M Administration Building in St. Paul, the sole extant resource remaining from the St. Paul Main Plant. Also known as Building 21, the former 3M Administration Building was constructed in 1940 and served as the corporate headquarters until 1962, when Building 220 was completed at the Maplewood campus. The 3M Administration Building in St. Paul was listed in the National Register under Criterion A in the areas of Industry and Invention, and is also significant under Criterion C: Architecture as an example of Moderne architecture designed by Toltz, King and Day, Inc., in association with Albert Kahn. The period of significance is 1940 to 1962 and covers the period in which the building functioned as the administrative headquarters of 3M. Both the 3M Administration Building in St. Paul and Building 220 (as part of the 3M Center complex) derive significance under Criterion A from their role as the administrative center of a nationally important corporation. As is the case with many corporations over 100 years of age in the Twin Cities and nationwide, the pre-war urban and postwar suburban facilities represent distinct phases in the company’s history and development. The 3M Administration Building in St. Paul is significant as an emblem of the company’s successes and rapid growth from the Depression through World War II, the Maplewood site is the research engine that drove continued growth from the mid-1950s onward. The 3M Administration Building in St. Paul remained the administrative headquarters of the expanding, multinational company during the eight-year period prior to the construction of Building 220 in Maplewood, but the completion of the new Central Research Laboratory in 1954 marked the start of a new era in which 3M Center became the locus of innovation and the scientific heart of the company. The deliberate establishment of this new and separate campus for Central Research and the divisional labs at the Maplewood site signaled the company’s deeper investment in research, as scientists and technical staff were freed from the constraints of inadequate space and outdated or ad-hoc facilities, and the products and technologies subsequently pioneered at 3M Center served to strengthen and advance the company’s successes. With the relocation of the corporate headquarters to 3M Center in 1962, intended to consolidate the integral relationship between administration 34 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ and innovation, the company cemented its commitment to innovation by linking both on a single site. Although the 3M Administration Building in St. Paul continued to play an important role as corporate headquarters prior to 1962, 3M Center is significant as the company’s flagship research facility from the 1954 completion of the Central Research Laboratory onward, and as the corporate headquarters beginning in 1962. The 3M Administration Building in St. Paul remains the symbol of 3M’s prewar growth and innovation, but the 3M Center campus in Maplewood was developed intentionally to accommodate the company’s subsequent growth phase, and best exemplifies 3M’s success, expansion, and innovation in the postwar period. The 3M Center period of significance under Criterion A begins with the completion of the first of the central research laboratories (Building 201) in 1954 and continues through 1975 to encompass the first wave of construction north of Conway Avenue and completion of the administrative quadrangle. This period includes the development of the Post-it note and the research that produced Thinsulate. As 3M headquarters remains on-site and the company continues to produce significant innovations in a variety of scientific areas through the present day, research did not yield evidence to support a well-defined breakpoint for significance. The period of significance was therefore extended four years beyond the 50-year threshold to 1975 to include the completion of the third and most substantial building campaign on the campus. After that time, 3M expected to begin development of a new campus in Oakdale, and substantial expansion at Maplewood did not occur again until 1990. Criterion C Under Criterion C, the complex does not appear to be significant in the area of Architecture. Although the collection of research, administrative, and support buildings reflects the evolution of a nationally significant corporation, 3M anticipated organic growth over a 30-year period. Thus, the complex does not conform to a single fixed plan for a corporate campus or estate; rather, it demonstrates the company’s vision for a flexible space with room to grow. Buildings display the organic growth, demonstrating a degree of architectural cohesion and continuity as features from the earliest Mid-Century Modern labs carried over into subsequent buildings; later buildings continue to reference architectural elements such as contrasting stone veneer panels and concrete window hoods, and buff brick provides additional visual continuity among laboratory and support buildings. Offices arranged around a central quadrangle create a visual emphasis on the flagship headquarters (Building 220), the largest single-occupant office building in the Twin Cities at the time of its construction, but conform to a general concept rather than a specific design. Many alterations to the landscaping and circulation patterns have also occurred over time as the complex grew and evolved. While Building 220 may possess individual significance under Criterion C for its unusual design and remarkable size, as a whole, however, the complex does not represent a significant or distinctive collection of resources that would exemplify a particular architectural style or planned development. Integrity The complex remains on its original site, which historically fronted Hudson Road/U.S. Highway (US) 12, a major highway and main thoroughfare providing access to St. Paul from the east. Suburban development was underway in the surrounding area by the late 1940s; by the mid-1960s the suburban setting appeared much as it does today. Interstate Highway (I-) 94 was also constructed during the period of significance. As such, 3M Center retains excellent integrity of location and setting. 35 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ While a number of buildings have received additions and some areas of replacement wall materials, most occurred within the period of significance and many reflect the phased nature of laboratory construction rather than discrete additions. Later additions outside the period of significance, such as those to Buildings 201 and 230, are on secondary elevations and are in keeping with the scale and architectural style of the historic portions. Aside from the construction of the IT building (Building 243) in 1980 and the recent demolition of several small ancillary structures south of Building 207, the bulk of documented alterations to the south side of the complex (south of Conway Avenue) outside the period of significance have been expansions and smaller utility structures added to the plant engineering facility, such as additional similar chiller units and storage tanks. Several additional buildings have also been constructed on the portion north of Conway Avenue. A small building west of Building 260 has been subsumed or replaced by Building 264, and laboratory and office facilities have expanded west to McKnight Road. With the exception of the addition of Building 250, the pre-1976 portion of the northern area, which includes Buildings 251, 252, and 260, as well as a landscaped grove south of thth Avenue P, displays no intrusions east of 14Street. Expansion west of 14 Street is separated from the southern portion of the complex by Conway Avenue. Seven of the eight post-1990 buildings and structures north of Conway Avenue are closely concentrated and set back from the roadway; the eighth, Building 278, is separated from the entire complex by a pond and marsh. Due to their concentrated arrangement and setback, these recent additions do not substantially detract from the southern portion or the historic eastern portion of the northern area. The overall landscape retains much of its pre-1975 appearance. Landscape features, including 3M Lake, the grove of trees adjacent to Building 250, and the present primary circulation networks, were in place during the period of significance, and landscaping remains generally the same, including grassy medians along Innovation thth Boulevard, 8 Street, and 19 Street. Along Hudson Road, the property retains its substantial setback, gained by the c.1970 removal of the earlier frontage road (see Figure 4). Within this area, the removal of the reflecting pool and addition of the perennial garden on the south side of Building 220 are the most notable changes to the landscaping, but this area is not visible from most parts of the campus and these changes do not diminish the overall setting (see Figures 2 through 4). Cumulatively, the complex retains good integrity of design, materials, and workmanship. The complex continues to function as 3M’s corporate headquarters and scientific research facility. Resources throughout the complex continue their historic functions, and additions outside the period of significance consist of laboratory, office, and physical plant facilities that reflect the ongoing role and historic use of the property. The complex therefore retains excellent integrity of feeling and association. Overall, 3M Center retains a high degree of integrity and is able to convey its historic significance. This evaluation addresses integrity for the 3M Center complex as a whole under Criterion A: History. The majority of the buildings that compose the complex do not rise to the level of individual significance under Criterion C: Architecture. While Building 220 may possess individual architectural significance, it has been substantially renovated in recent years, resulting in diminished integrity of workmanship, materials, and design. The original pleated curtain wall panels included tinted glass and Carthage marble spandrel panels; the entire 36 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ curtain wall was reconstructed c.2005 and the marble spandrel panels were replaced with opaque glass. The interior of the building’s lower two floors were redesigned during a 2011-2103 renovation, further altering the historic appearance. While it retains sufficient integrity to contribute to the complex under Criterion A, the building lacks sufficient integrity to be considered individually eligible under Criterion C. Recommendation 3M Center is significant at the national level as the chief research facility and corporate headquarters of the internationally important 3M Company as it continued to grow and innovate in the postwar period. The commitment to research and development helped to position 3M as a leader in industry, and research at 3M Center is manifested in an array of groundbreaking products: an elastomer compound that helped a man walk on the moon; Thinsulate, which has warmed several generations of workers and outdoor enthusiasts; and the Post-it note, the self-adhesive notepaper that remains a mainstay of written communication in an increasingly digital age. The period of significance begins with completion of the first research laboratory (Central Research Laboratory, Building 201) in 1954 and continues to 1975, allowing a four-year buffer beyond the 50-year threshold for historic properties to fully encompass the completion of the first three important phases in the complex’s development. As the majority of both the period of significance and the total number of historic resources are greater than 50 years of age (using 1971 as the 50-year threshold based on the projected project construction date), Criteria Consideration G does not need to be applied to 3M Center. The property is therefore recommended eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion A: History in the areas of Commerce and Invention for its contributions to the development of a wide range of consumer and industrial product areas, including adhesives, optical products, films, nonwoven materials, medical supplies, and a variety of advanced materials. The complex consists of 43 countable resources that include primary buildings, structures, objects, and landscape features, of which 31 contribute to the significance of the complex (see Table 1), and numerous non- 6 countable small-scale elements and on-site furnishings.Due to the ongoing nature of research activities at 3M Center, future reevaluation may result in the extension of the period of significance to include more recent buildings; the noncontributing status of these newer buildings should be reconsidered at that time. The boundary was defined to include the legal parcels acquired during the period of significance (see attached map), and includes approximately 420 acres generally bounded by Hudson Road to the south, McKnight Road to the west, and Minnehaha Avenue to the north. The east boundary jogs south from Carlton Street to Century Avenue. While several noncontributing buildings are located on the parcel north of Conway Avenue, this area th contains four contributing buildings as well as circulation roadways (14Street, Avenue R) and landscape features (grove of trees, 3M Lake, and a wetland area) that were present prior to development and retained within the period of significance (see Figure 7). No clear lines of natural demarcation distinguish these areas 6 The prior Phase I inventory form notes 59 buildings, structures, and objects; however, a number of these are additions to earlier resources rather than separate entities. In accordance with National Register guidelines that state that buildings or structures with attached ancillary structures, covered walkways, and additions are to be counted as a single unit, the resource count has been adjusted. Where separately numbered buildings are attached to an earlier building and have the same function, they areconsidered to be a single resource (e.g., additions to plant engineering buildings). Where buildings with discrete functions are merely adjoining, they are considered separately. 37 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ from portions of the parcel containing more recent buildings, therefore the boundary was drawn to include the entire area acquired by 3M north of Conway Avenue, bounded by McKnight Road, Minnehaha Avenue, and Carlton Street. Located east of Carlton Street and built in 2002, outside the period of significance, Building 255 was therefore excluded from the boundary. Figure 7. 1974 aerial image showing construction still underway on Buildings 225, 229, and 260 and the landscape features (lake, grove of trees, and wetland area) that were incorporated into the complex (Ramsey County 2017). 38 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Table 1. List of contributing and noncontributing resources (numbering/lettering corresponds to historic boundary map) Contributing/ Building Resource Associated structures / Year BuiltName Number Type additions noncontributing 201 Building 1953 C Central Research Lab 204 Structure c.1957 C Meter House Corporate Metrology 205 Building 1990 NC Services (Testing / A (Water Tank, c.1995) Calibration Lab) 206 Structure 1988 NC Utility Structure Electrical Products 207 Building 1954 C Laboratory 208 Building 1956 C Lab Graphic Products 209 Building 1956 C Laboratory Building 231 (Plant Engineering, 210 Building 1956 C Plant Engineering 2006) 211 Structure 1956 C Switch House F (Utility structure, c.2000) 212 Structure 1966 C Switch House G (Garage, c.2000) Building 214 (Cooling Addition, 1981) Heating & Cooling D and E (Storage tanks, c.1970), 213 Structure 1957 C Station Building 246 (Cooling Tower, 2004) Building 232 (Maintenance, 2005) 216 Building 1959 C Admin 217 Building 1959 C Lab 39 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Table 1. List of contributing and noncontributing resources (numbering/lettering corresponds to historic boundary map) Contributing/ Building Resource Associated structures / Year BuiltName Number Type additions noncontributing 218 Building 1967 C Lab 219 Building 1959 C Lab and Pilot Plant Administrative 220 Building 1962 C Headquarters 221 Structure 1960 C Plaza/Parking Ramp 222 Building 1960 C Cafeteria 223 Building 1973 C Admin 224 Building 1967 C Admin 225 Building 1973 C Admin 227 Structure 1972 C Parking Ramp 229 Structure 1974 C Parking Ramp 230 Building 1962 C Tape Laboratory 235 Building 1964 C Lab Magnetic/Film Lab & 236 Building 1966 C Pilot Plant 240 Building 1971 C Lab 243 Building 1979 NC IT 250 Building 1991 NC Lab 251 Building 1973 C Lab 252 Building 1973 C Lab 258 Structure 1973 C Switch House 40 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Table 1. List of contributing and noncontributing resources (numbering/lettering corresponds to historic boundary map) Contributing/ Building Resource Associated structures / Year BuiltName Number Type additions noncontributing 260 Building 1973 C Lab 261 Structure 1991 NC Parking Ramp 264 Building 1990 NC Admin 270 Building 1978 NC Lab 271 Structure 1990 NC Parking Ramp 275 Building 1990 NC Admin 277 Building 2003 NC Admin 278 Building 2006 NC Admin Carlton Science 280 Building 2015 NC Center Tanners Lake C (Small utility structure, B Structure c.1960 C Substation c.2000) Innovation Boulevard, 8th Street, 19th Street with signage, light standards, landscaped medians Plantings between Hudson Road and Buildings 201 and 230 Flagpole and dedication n/a Site 1971 C Designed Landscape plaque (1977) Grove of mature trees th between 14Street and Avenue P 3M Signsat east and west entrances (H and J, c.1980) Perennial garden south of Building 220 (c.2011) 41 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Bibliography AECOM 2016 News Release. 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McKnight, Industrialist: A Biographical Sketch of the Chairman of the Board, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. T. S. Dennison, Minneapolis, Minnesota. designboom 2014a Peter Ebner and friends transforms 3M headquarters in Minnesota. Electronic document, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/peter-ebner-friends-3m-headquarters-minnesota-07-06-2014/, accessed August 23, 2016. 2014b 3M headquarters in Minnesota revamped by Atelier Hitoshi Abe. Electronic document, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/3m-headquarters-minnesota-atelier-hitoshi-abe-07-08-2014/, accessed August 23, 2016. DePass, Dee 2013 3M Plans $150M state-of-the-art R&D center in Maplewood. Star Tribune 5 September. Minneapolis, Minnesota. 42 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Ellerbe Becket 2009 Purpose, Place and Identity. 100 Years of Ellerbe Becket. Ellerbe Becket, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Feron, James 1979 General Foods Moving to Rye, but Retaining White Plains Building. Electronic document, http://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/08/archives/general-foods-moving-to-rye-but-retaining-white-plains- building.html?_r=0. Accessed December 2, 2016. Flight International 1965 Generator for Apollo. Flight International, November 25: 933. Fortune 500 2017. 3M (MMM) Stock Price, Financials and News. Fortune 500. http://fortune.com/fortune500/3m/, accessed September 8, 2017. Fullerton Heritage 2015 New Formalism. Electronic document, http://www.fullertonheritage.org/Resources/archstyles/formalism.htm, accessed March 2015. Grover, Todd 2015 Corporate Modernism Tour. Prepared for the Docomomo US National Symposium, Modernism on the Prairie: Rural to Metro Regional Interpretations of the Modern Movement. Guthrie, D.R., and H.S. Parkinson 1952 Memo: Visit to Johns-Manville Research Center, Manville, New Jersey, and the DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. Hahn, Trudi 2002 Obituary: Philip Palmquist, Whose 3M Inventions Touch Lives Worldwide, Dies at 88. Star Tribune, December 8. Hatch, L.A. 1952 Letter to Mr. W.L. McKnight. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. HGA Architects and Engineers 2016 General Mills. Electronic document, http://hga.com/work/general-mills-2. Accessed December 2, 2016. Hirsch 1956 Technical Lab Groups Memo. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. 43 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Historic Denver 2015 Formalism. Electronic document, http://www.historicdenver.org/resources/formalism/, accessed August 5, 2016. Huck, Virginia 1955 Brand of the Tartan: The 3M Story. Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, New York. IMDB n.d. Academy Awards, USA (1969). Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000003/1969. n.d. Academy Awards, USA (1973). Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000003/1973. Ketz, K. Anne 1994 Burlington Northern Regional Trail, East Seventh Street to Lake Phalen, Cultural Resources Survey, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M) Historic Structures Survey. On file at the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Lathrop, Alan K. 2010 Minnesota Architects: A Biographical Dictionary. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Lees-Maffei, Grace 2015 Iconic Designs: 50 Stories about 50 Things. Bloomsbury Publishing. Library of Congress 2016 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. From Head House III, 1942. Electronic document, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/gsc1994018727/PP/, accessed December 2, 2016. Mathis, Greg, Miranda Van Vleet, and Saleh Van Erem 2009 Phase II Architectural History Survey and Update for the 3M Campus Development Project, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Prepared by The 106 Group Ltd., Saint Paul, Minnesota. Submitted to Port Authority of the City of Saint Paul, Project No. 08-26. On file at the Minnesota Historic Preservation Office, Saint Paul, Minnesota. McKnight, William L. 1956 3M Gives Free Rein to Research and Development. The Christian Science Monitor, August 31. Mead & Hunt 2012 Phase I/Phase II Architecture History Investigation for the Proposed Southwest Transit Project Hennepin County, Minnesota. Volume Four, Supplemental Report Number One. Prepared by Mead & Hunt, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Submitted to Hennepin County Regional Rail Authority and the Metropolitan Council. On file at the Minnesota Historic Preservation Office, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 44 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Millett, Larry 2015 Minnesota Modern: Architecture and Life at Midcentury. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Milburn, Curt 2006 The Phalen Corridor: rebuilding the pride of the East Side of Saint Paul. East Side Neighborhood Development, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Minneapolis Star Tribune 1973 3M to Build Laboratory Facility. Minneapolis Star Tribune, June 7. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company \[3M\] n.d. 3M Company: An Inventory of Its Corporate Records at the Minnesota Historical Society. Box 129.E.19.7B. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. n.d. Thinsulate Insulation Celebrates 30th Anniversary. http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/523033O/thinsulate-30th-anniversary.pdf. 1943 3M Megaphone. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1945 Central Research Laboratory Open House, May 4, 1945. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. 1949 3M Megaphone. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1950 3M Megaphone. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1952 Central Research Building - Report to Staff Operating Policy Committee. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. 1954 STPA-207-A-453 Laboratory Building Plans. On file at 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1955a Dedication: Research Center. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. 1955b Hundreds Attend Dedication of Lab at Minnesota Mining. Daily News Record, May 16. Department of Communications, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. 1956 STPA-207-A-453 Laboratory Building Plans. On file at 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 45 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ 1959a Press Release: Sunday, December 13, 1959. Box 129.E.19.4F. Minnesota Historical Society. 1959b Research Center Review for Use with New Headquarters Building Announcement. Box 129.E.19.4F. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. 1959c STPA-207-A-452 Laboratory Building, Electrical Products Division, Second Addition to Building #207. On file at 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1963 Various 3M Center Site Plans. Prepared by Wilbur Smith and Associates. Provided by 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1963 “Data on 3M Administration Complex.” 3M Corporate Files. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1968 “Expansion.” 3M Corporate Files. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1969 Open House for Employees and Guests: Office Administration Complex. Promotional Brochure. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1970 Welcome to 3M. Box 129.E.19.6F. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. 1973 3M - Building 225 Site Plan – Overall Site. Prepared by Central Engineering Department. Provided by 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1975 “Fountain to be turned on Monday.” 3M Executive Newsletter. On file at the Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1976 3M Carlton Park. Box 129.E.19.5B. Minnesota Historical Society. 1987 50th Anniversary, Corporate Research Laboratories, August 12, 1987. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. 1996 Untitled Brochure. Box 129.E.19.6F. Minnesota Historical Society, 3M Company. 2002 A Century of Innovation: The 3M Story. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 2016a STPA Building List Spring 2016. Prepared by 3M Facilities Engineering, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 2016b History. Electronic document, http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/3M- Company/Information/Resources/History/, accessed August 10, 2016. 46 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ 2016c 3M: Science. Applied to Life. 3M. http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1120604O/brochure-science- applied-brand-identity-lr-pdf-trifecta.pdf. Mozingo, Louise A. 2000 “The Corporate Estate in the USA, 1954-64: ‘Thoroughly Modern in Concept, But…Down to Earth and Rugged.’” Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 20, no. 1. National Academies 1983 Proceedings of a Symposium Advanced Compact Reactor Systems: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., November 15-17, 1982. National Academies. Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC \[NETR\] 1957 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed March 2015. 1966 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed March 2015. 1980 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed March 2015. 1991 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed October 13, 2016. 2003 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed August 2016. 2010 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed August 2016. 2013 Historic Aerial Photographs, Washington County. Electronic document, http://www.historicaerials.com/, accessed August 2016. New York Times 1964 The Tape Pushers. New York Times, December 6. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/06/the-tape- pushers.html. Newman, Andrew Adam 2010 At 30, Post-It Notes Are the Office Product That Works at Home. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/28/business/media/28adco.html. 47 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Popular Science 1970 Flameproof Compound for Apollo. Popular Science, August: 15. Presbrey, Paul 1971 3M Sees Tripling of Maplewood Jobs by ’80. Minneapolis Star, January 21. Ramsey County 2017 1974 Aerial. MapRamsey. https://maps.co.ramsey.mn.us/Html5Viewer/index.html Review, The \[Maplewood, Minnesota\] 1982 3M and Maplewood: Partners in growth. 20 June:18C. Maplewood, Minnesota. Roads & Bridges n.d. Wilbur Smith Associates. Electronic document, http://www.roadsbridges.com/wilbur-smith-associates, accessed August 9, 2016. Roise, Charlene K. 1992 National Register of Historic Places, Dwan, John, Office Building, Two Harbors, Lake County, Minnesota. #92000700. National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. Roth, Leland 2001 American Architecture, A History. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Schweinberg, Lindsey 2012 General Motors Technical Center. Electronic document, http://docomomo- us.org/register/fiche/general_motors_technical_center, accessed December 2, 2016. Segrave, Kerry 2001 Shoplifting: A Social History. McFarland & Company. Sherman, Leonard 2017 If You’re in a Dogfight, Become a Cat!: Strategies for Long-Term Growth. Columbia University Press. Spinoff \[NASA\]. 1992 Food Service System. Spinoff \[National Aeronautics and Space Administration\]: 78–79. St. Paul Dispatch 1955a Idea Factory Aims for the Future. St. Paul Dispatch, May 9. 1955b Out of a Test Tube...16,874 Jobs. St. Paul Dispatch, May 12. 48 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name: ___3M Center _____ Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Inventory No.: ___RA-MWC-0010_________________ Star Tribune 1973 Framework Goes up for New 3M Office Building. Star Tribune, October 4. Stephens, H.N. 1951 Letter to L.A. Hatch. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. Thureen, Louise 1992 Lake Superior Magazine. Birth of a giant: 3M’s North Shore heritage vol. 2, no. 3:38-43. Time Inc. 2016 Fortune 500. Electronic document, http://beta.fortune.com/fortune500, accessed December 21, 2016. University of Michigan 2016 General Mills Headquarters. Electronic document, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/u/ummu/x-13- 00688/13_00688?lasttype=boolean;lastview=thumbnail;resnum=5;size=20;sort=ummu_cs;start=1;subview=det ail;view=entry;rgn 1=ummu_cs;q1=Golden. Accessed December 2, 2016. Verstraete, John 1952 Press Release, 12/30/52. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. Von Braun, Wernher 1969 The Moon-Landing “Spider.” Popular Science, May: 125–29. Walton, C.W. 1947 Letter to Chairman and Members of the Building Committee of the Technical Policy Board. Box 129.E.19.1B. Minnesota Historical Society. White Plains Historical Society 2016 Aerial View of General Foods Complex, October 31, 1953 - Looking Southeast. Electronic document, http://westchester.pastperfectonline.com/photo/45601E0F-85FB-4B5E-A5F3-845558232242. Accessed December 2, 2016. Wilbur Smith and Associates 1963 Suggested Circulation and Parking Plan, 3M Saint Paul, Minnesota. Page Number 868. On file at 3M Facilities Engineering, Maplewood, Minnesota. Zahn, Thomas R. & Associates LLC 2014 City of Maplewood Historic Context Study. Prepared by Thomas R. Zahn & Associates LLC, Saint Paul, Minnesota. On file at the Maplewood Heritage Preservation Commission, Maplewood, Minnesota. 49 E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet October 15, 1962 Aerial View (MHS 1962) Property Location Map RA-MWC-0010 E1, Attachment 2 oad t R ingh cK M 3M Lake H 8th Street u d s o n R o wetlands a d p e GROVE r r e n i a l g a r d e n flag pole 255 t tree th S 19 ue en Av ry tu en C J3M SignH3M SignGGarageFUtility StructureEStorage TankDStorage TankCSmall Utility StructureBTanners Lake SubstationAWater Tank280Carlton Science Center278Admin277Admin275Admin271Parking Ramp270Lab264Admin261Parking Ramp26258Swit252Lab251Lab250Lab246Cooling Tower243IT240Lab236Magnetic/Film Lab & Pilot Plant235Lab232Maintenance231Plant Engineering230Tape Laboratory229Parking Ramp227Parking Ramp225Admin224Admin223Admin222Cafeteria221Plaza/Parking Ramp220Administrative Headquarters219Lab and Pilot Plant218Lab217Lab216Admin214Heating & Cooling Station213Heating & Cooling Station212Switch House211Switch House210Plant Engineering209Graphic Products Laboratory208Lab207Electrical Products Laboratory206Utility Structure205Lab204Meter House201Central Research LabBuildingName 0Lab ch House E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Photographs E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Building 280, Facing N Tanners Lake Substation, Facing SW E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet 3M Sign, Innovation Blvd at Century Ave, Facing SE Innovation Boulevard & Century Avenue, Facing W E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Innovation Boulevard & 22nd Street, Facing W Innovation Bouleavard & 17th Street, Facing NW E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Innovation Boulevard & 8th Street, Facing S Innovation Boulevard & 11th Street, Facing SE E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet InnovationBoulevard & McKnightRoad,Facing S Boneyard, Facing SE E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Perennial Garden, Facing NW Light Standard, Facing SW Light Standard in the Quad, Facing SW E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet Yield Sign with original post, Facing SW E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E1, Attachment 2 Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form – Continuation Sheet E2 HERITAGE PRESERVATION COMMISSIONSTAFF REPORT Meeting Date August 9, 2018 REPORT TO: Heritage Preservation Commission REPORT FROM:Virginia Gaynor, Natural Resources Coordination/HPC Liaison PRESENTER: Virginia Gaynor, Natural Resources Coordination/HPC Liaison AGENDA ITEM:Preserve MN Annual Conference Action Requested:MotionDiscussionPublic Hearing Form of Action:ResolutionOrdinanceContract/AgreementProclamation Policy Issue: One of the requirements for maintaining the City’s status as a Certified Local Government(CLG) is that at least one staff and/or HPC memberattends the annual state preservation conference, Preserve Minnesota. This year’s conference is September 12-14, in Winona, Minnesota. Recommended Action: Discuss which commissioners areavailable to attend the conference. Discuss whether HPC will need to cancel the SeptemberHPC meeting since it coincides with the conference. Fiscal Impact: Is There a Fiscal Impact?NoYes, the true or estimated cost is$350 per person Financing source(s):Adopted BudgetBudget ModificationNew Revenue Source Use of Reserves Other:Scholarship from MHS Strategic Plan Relevance: Financial SustainabilityIntegrated CommunicationTargeted Redevelopment Operational EffectivenessCommunity InclusivenessInfrastructure & Asset Mgmt. This conference provides an opportunity for residents serving on the HPC to increase their knowledge of preservation and make contributions to preserving historic resources in Maplewood. Background To maintain the City’s statusas a CLG, at least one staff member or HPC member must attend the state preservationconference each year. This year’s conference is September 12-14,in Winona, MN. The conference schedule is attached (Attachment 1). Scholarships are available to cover the registrationfee, lodging, and mileage (one car). Somemeals are included in the conference fee. This is an excellent opportunity for Maplewood HPC members; commissionersthat have attended the conference in thepast have found it very valuable. E2 If you are able to attend, Ginny Gaynor will submit the scholarship application for you. You will need to: 1)Register and payregistration fee(you will be reimbursed after the conference) 2)Reserve your hotel room (you will be reimbursed after the conference) The conference webpage (https://mn.gov/admin/shpo/conference/) has links to the registration form and lodginginformation. For the August HPC meeting, please review your calendar, the conference website, and determine whether you would like to attend. Scholarships are first-come-first-serveso staffwould like to submit the request soon. Attachments 1.PreserveMinnesota Schedule E2, Attachment 1 E2, Attachment 1 E2, Attachment 1 E2, Attachment 1 E2, Attachment 1