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MEMORANDUM
DATE: March 10, 1997
TO: Mayor Gary Bastian
City Council
City Manager
FROM: ude C�
H an Relations Commission
RE: 1996 NNUAL REPORT
In the past year, the Maplewood Human Relations Commission has worked
consistently to increase community awareness of diversity and discrimination issues
through education, sponsorship, and participation in community events. The
activities and accomplishment Commission are outlined in this report, as well
as its goals and objections f r 1997.
The seven volunteers that com se the Commission are looking forward to 997
and working within our community to improve the human relations climate o e
community for those who are residents, work here, or just pass through. We hope
our work will help to make Maplewood a better place for all.
The Maplewood Human Relations Commission respectfully submits its 1996 nnual
Report pursuant to Article IV, Sec. 2-75 of the City Ordinance.
March 10, 19 7
CITY OF
1830 E. COLTNT'Y ROAD B MAPLEWOOD, 1���INE,SOTA 55109
To The Citizens of Maplewood:
I would like to present to the citizens of Mapiewood the 996 aplewood Human
Relations Commission's Annual Report.
It is my pleasure to be one of the volunteers on the Commission who has been
working in Maplewood to increase awareness of discrimination and diversity
issues and how they can affect our community. Although the minority population
of Maplewood is small compared to other nearby communities, we cannot ignore
these issues. Discrimination affects all of us.
One of our goals has been to increase the visibility of the Commission, so that
people in Maplewood would be aware of our existence. To do this we have had
a poster contest; offered a diversity award for a community business, group, or
school; participated in Maplewood's Ramsey County Fair booth and the
Maplewood Open House; and sponsored an event at the Community Center.
We also help citizens who feel they have experienced discrimination in
Maplewood.
Therefore, we invite you to read thi nual Report so that you ca rn what
the Commission accomplished i 1996, d what the plans are fo 199 . We
invite you to come to one of our mo y meetings, and see what o in
person. You are always welcome. We look forward to meeting you, and hearing
your ideas about how we can work to make our community a better place to be.
Sincerely,
Carol Cude, Chairperson
Maqlewood Human Relation Com ission
Eqnal O�ortunity Emploper
LISTING OF RESOURCES FOR VICTIMS OF
ACTS OF BIAS OR HATE CRIMES
ST PAUL RAMSEY MEDICAL CENTER
Psychiatric Social Worker (Crisis Situations)
640 Jackson/Emergency Room
NEIGHBORHOOD JUSTICE CENTER
500 Laurel Avenue
St. Paul
NEIGHBORHOOD JUSTICE CENTER (Spanish speaking)
426 South Wabasha
St. Paul
RAMSEY COUNTY PUBLIC DEFENDER
(Legal Assistance)
MAPLEWOOD HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION
MAPLEWOOD POLICE DEPARTMENT
(Emergency)
(Non-Emergency)
(Supervisor of Investigations)
MAPLEWOOD CITY HALL
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
(Interpreters available for
languages other then English)
FIRST CALL FOR HELP
(Information & Referral)
MINNESOTA RELAY SERVICE*
221-8922
222-4703
227-8497
215-0600
770-4524
911
777-8191
770-4537
770-4500 (Voice)
779-4995 (TTY)
296-5663 (Voice)
296-1283 (TTY)
224-1133
297-5353
If you are hearing or speech impaired or need to contact someone who is: Dial 297-
5353 (Twin Cities), or 1-800-627-3529 (greater Minnesota). Give the communications
assistant (CA) your area code and number and the area code and telephone number
of the person you are calling. The CA will stay on the line to type/voice
communication.
0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
' POLICY AND ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
' COMMISSION ROSTER/ATTENDANCE RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NDAR OF ACTIVITiES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1997 C$OALS AND OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PROCEDURAL RESPONSE TO ACTS OF BIAS AND PREJUDICE ........ 6
APPENDICES
CALENDAR OF MULTICULTURAL EVENTS AND CIVIC HOLIDAYS ....... A
ALPHABET OF THINGS THAT THE AMERICAS GAVE TO THE WORLD ... B
STRATEGIES FOR RESPONDING TO SLURS AND ETHNIC JOKES ...... C
GUIDELINES FOR ACHIEVING COMMUNICATION
FREE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D
VALUING DIVERSITI' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E
A CLOSER LOOK AT CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE PERSON . . . . . . . . . . G
DEFINITIONS .................................................. H
POLICY AND ORGANIZATION
The MAPLEWOOD HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION was created by City
Ordinance No. 239 on April 18, 1968.
It is the policy of the Commission to fulfill its charge as a partner with the State
Department of Human Rights, in securing for all citizens equal opportunity in
housing, employment, public accommodations, public services and education;
and to work consistently to improve the human relations climate of the
community.
There are seven members on the Commission appointed for three-year terms by
the City Council upon recommendation of the Commission. Meetings are held
monthly (except July and August) at 7:00 p.m. normally on the first Tuesday of the
month at Maplewood City Hall. All meetings are open to the public.
It shall be the duty of the Commission to implement its policies. Such
implementation may be accomplished by making reports and/or
recommendations to the City Manager and/or the City Council, and by engaging
in public relations and educational programs as it deems necessary to
accomplish established policy.
Additional copies of this report are available at the Maplewood City Hall upon
request. Contact the Commission Chairperson through the City Manager's Office
(770-4524) concerning any matters relating to the Commission.
HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION
ROSTER AND ATTENDANCE
Maria Cantu-Costilla
Lynne Croes, Secretary
Carol Cude, Vice Chair
Gordon Heininger, Chair
Marie Koehler
Regina Laroche-Theune
Linda Wainio
/
Sherrie Le (ex officio)
uman Resource Direct
Michael McGuire (ex officio)
City Manager
Original
Appointment
Date
12-95
1-95
11-93
1-91
10-93
3-95
3-95
�
End of
Term
12-99
12-97
12-97
12-98
12-96
12-98
12-97
No. Meetings
Attended
9/10
10/10
7/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
1996 ALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
JANUARY * Discussed joint venture with other commissions
* Contacted Maplewood schools regarding the Diversity
Award and Poster Contest
'' Reviewed first draft of Annual Report
* Discussed Community Center problems with Bruce
Anderson (Park & Rec Director)
* Welcomed new members
' Discussed a planned method of interviewing candidates for
the commission
* Members reported on a complaint of discrimination
FEBRUARY * Reviewed Annual Report draft
* Reviewed joint venture information
* Planned a joint commission meeting with other area
commissions
'` Reviewed and chose winners for the Poster Contest
'' Reviewed concerns from the public about an Ismaili Muslim
purchase of a library building
" Elected officers
* Attended a joint commission discussion in Oakdale
MARCH * Approved final draft of Annual Report
"' Reviewed new information concerning Muslim church
* Reviewed a submission for the Diversity Award
'" Planned ceremonies for Poster Contest winners
* Began planning involvement at Maplewood's Open House
* Prepared for April's Joint HRC meeting
* Presented Annual Report to City Council
APRIL * Hosted Joint HRC meeting with area communities
" Attended Mounds Park Diversity celebration and presented
Diversity Award
" Attended Poster Award ceremonies
* Discussed joint commission sponsorship of a community
event
* Reviewed plans for Open House
MAY * Critiqued April Joint meeting
* Planned sponsorship of September Mixed Blood Theater
performance
* Discussed use of cable channel for HRC programs
* Continued planning for Open House
* Continued discussion on interviewing new candidates
* Reviewed information conceming Hmong Funeral Home
3
1996 ALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
(cont.)
JUNE '' Approved sponsorship of September Mixed Blood Theater
Performance
* Finalized plans for Open House
* Planned participation in Maplewood's booth at Ramsey
County Fair
* Discussed Oakdale's rejection of an HRC
* Reviewed a discrimination complaint
" Discussed July forum at Hmong Funeral Home
JULY * No scheduled meeting
* Staffed Maplewood's booth at Ramsey County Fair
AUGUST * No scheduled meeting
* Participated in Maplewood's Open House
- set up a table with displays
- offered information concerning discrimination
- invited traditionally-dressed Mounds Park Hmong
student
- answered questions conceming the Commission
SEPTEMBER * Held planning meeting for year's calendar
" Critiqued our part in Open House
* Discussed response to racial slur complaint
* Finalized preparations for Mixed Blood Performance
* Discussed participation in Maplewood's 40th year
celebration
'` Sponsored Mixed Blood Theater Performance and
Community Discussion
OCTOBER * Reviewed draft of 96/97 calendar
* Critiqued participation at Mixed Blood Performance
* Chose subcommittee to prepare questions for interviewing
candidates
* Began discussion of next poster/diversity contests
* Discussed sponsorship of a poster calendar
" Attended 40th year anniversary planning meeting
NOVEMBER * Continued planning of Diversity Events
* Interviewed 3 candidates for an MHRC opening
* Continued discussion of sponsoring a community event
DECEMBER * Elected new officers for 1997
* Began planning for Diversity Event at August's Open
House
* Reviewed School Contact List
* Began review of Annual Report
* Attended 40th year anniversary planning meeting
* Attended League of Minnesota Human Right Commissions
board of directors meeting at Maplewood Community
Center
4
1997 OALS AND OBJECTIVES
Establish a partnership with local businesses, educational, religious
and/or fraternal organizations regarding human rights.
Sponsor and promote activities for the residents of Maplewood which will:
increase sensitivity in, and awareness of, an area(s) of
human rights; and/or
provide an opportunity for interaction between diverse
members of the community.
* Offer no fault grievance mediation services to residents of Maplewood.
* Invite and encourage local schools to participate in the annual Diversity
Awareness Award and the Diversity Awareness Poster Contest sponsored
by the MHRC.
* Develop a working relationship with one or more of the Human Relations
Commissions in the Twin Cities area.
* Attend various workshops and educational/informational activities related
to diversity and human rights.
* Collaborate with the Department of Human Rights on projects of mutual
concern.
" Advise the Mayor, City Council and the City of Maplewood on human
relation issues.
* Collaborate with the Maplewood Police Department when acts of bias,
discrimination, and prejudice are reported.
" Promote and support awareness of the Americans with Disabilities Act
throughout the Maplewood private and public sectors.
E
MAPLEWOOD HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION
PROCEDURAL RESPONSE TO
ACTS OF BIAS AND PREJUDICE
Action Ste�s:
1. A Coordinator, appointed from within the Commission on a yearly
basis, will handle any contact of reported acts of bias and prejudice
from the Commission membership or the general public.
2. The Chief of Police will mail a cover letter from the Police
Department and also enclose a letter from the Commission with a
brochure outlining the victim's rights and resources that they might
want to contact for further assistance.
3. If a victim of a bias crime calls us, the Coordinator can offer to
make a visit with another Commission member to discuss, in detail,
any further options they may want to pursue. This visit, if
requested, should be arranged as soon as possible.
4. Subsequent information r�garding the incident will be shared with
the Commission and the media if relevant and appropriate.
5. Follow up to the victim(s) in writing or contact will be made if
deemed necessary.
6. Relevant names, titles, and phone numbers of those persons who
may have to be involved include:
CHIEF OF POLICE H F LIAISON
Michael Ryan Sherrie
770-4532 77Q-4527
CITY MANAGER
Michael McGuire
770-4524
HRC CFI�
Carol Cuc
738-1671
1996 BI RESPONSE COORDINATOR ��
Carol Cud
738-167
IAS RESPONSE COORDINATOR
Regina aroche-Theune �
773-067
� vss
�
CALENDAR OF MULTICULTURAL EVENTS
AND CIVIC HOLIDAYS
JANUARY 1 New Year's Day
1 Emancipation Day-commemorates the signing of the
�mancipation Proclamation in 1863 by President Lincoln.
15 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Birthday-acknowledged
national leader of the civil rights movement in the 1960's.
Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968. (Celebrated
on the third Monday.)
FEBRUARY B/ack History Month
17 Presidents's Day-commemorates the birthdays of
George Washington (Feb. 22) and Abraham Lincoln
(Feb. 12). Celebrated on the third Monday.
MARCH Women's History Month
8 Internationa/ Working Women's Day-commemorates a
demonstration by female textile workers in New York in
1857. Established by the International Conference of
Women in 1910 as an opportunity to acknowledge the
contributions made by women.
APRIL 22 Earth Day-first observed in 1970 to call attention to the
need to reclaim purity in our air, water, and living
environment.
MAY American lndian Month
Asian/Paci�c Heritage Month
5 Cinco de Mayo-Mexican national holiday that celebrates
the victory over the French invaders in 1862. It is a time
when Mexican-Americans celebrate their heritage.
30 Memoria/ Day (traditional)-a time to remember our
heroes and loved ones who have died. Observed on the
fourth Monday.
JUNE 14 F/ag Day-the anniversary of the adoption of the U.S. flag
in 1777.
19 Juneteenth-June 19th, 1865 is the day that the Union
Army brought the news of the Emancipation to the slaves
in Texas. The slave owners had refused to tell them two
years earlier.
27 Stonewall Rebe/Iion-commemorates the anniversary of
the protest by gays and lesbians against police
harassment in New York City in the 1960's.
JULY 4 /ndependence Day-The day that the original 13 colonies
signed the Declaration of Independence from England
and announced the formation of the United States of
America.
A
(cont.)
AUGUST 26 Women's Equality Day-set aside in 1974 to honor the
ratification of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution in
1920, granting voting rights to women.
SEPTEMBER 1 Labor Day-set aside to honor working people and the
contribution of labor in America. Celebrated on the first
Monday.
Hispanic Heriiage Month beings (celebrated from Sept.
15 to Oct. 15)
16 Mexico's /ndependence Day-marks the beginning of the
Mexican revolt in 1810 against 350 years of Spanish rule.
17 Citizenship Day-honors the thousands of people who
become U.S. citizens each year. It is also the
anniversary of the signing of the Constitution in 1787.
OCTOBER National Disability Emp/oyment Awareness Month
24 United Nations Day-commemorates the birth of the
United Nations organization.
NOVEMBER 11 Veteran's Day-formerly called 'Armistice Day' as a
remembrance of the armistice between the Allies and the
Central Powers that ended VWVI. Now it honors all those
who have served in the armed forces in all the country's
wars.
27 Thanksgiving Day-honors the first harvest of the
Plymouth Colony, and originated with three days of
prayer and feasting in 1621. In 1863, President Lincoln
declared the fourth Thursday in November as a national
day of Thanksgiving.
Hmong New Year-usually observed after the fall harvest;
is commonly celebrated on the Friday and Saturday
following Thanksgiving.
DECEMBER 1 Worlds A/DS Day-designated as a day to increase the
awareness and education about AIDS.
1 Rosa Parks Day-commemorates the anniversary of the
arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955, for refusing to give up her
seat on the bus for a white passenger. The incident led
to a boycott of the city's buses and the end of
segregation.
10 Human Rights Day-established in 1948 by the United
Nations in commemoration of the adoption of the
Intemational Declaration of Human Rights.
ALPHABET OF THINGS THAT THE AMERICAS
GAVE TO THE WORLD
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
avocado, amaranth, asphalt
buffalo, beaver pelts, brazilian dye
canoe, com, caucus, chocolate, cocoa, cassava, chicle,
cotton, cashews, chayotes, catfish, chilis, cayenne
democracy, dyes, dog sleds
ecology
fertilizer, food preservation
gum, guano deposits, grits
hammock, hominy, hickory nut
impeachment, ipecac
jerky, Jerusalem artichoke
kidney beans, kayaks
libraries, long pants, Ilamas
milpa, moccasins, manioc, medicines
nuts, names (half the state names of �USA)
Oklahoma
potatoes, parrots, pumpkins, peanuts, popcorn,
pineapple, passenger, pigeon, pear cactus, parkas,
peppers, pomegranate, passion fruit, papaya, pecan,
paprika
quinine, quinoa
rubber
squash, silver, sisal, sunflowers, sweet potatoes,
succotash
turkey, tapioca pudding, tomatoes, tortillas, tobacco, tar
USA Constitution (influenced by Iroquois)
vanilla
W wild rice, witch hazel, words (several thousand words in
English and Spanish), white potatoes
X xylophone (the marimba of both African and American
origin)
Y yams
Z zero, zucchini
B
Source: Jack Weatherford,
Indian Givers,
Crown, New York 1988
STRATEGIES FOR RESPONDING TO
SLURS AND ETHNIC JOKES
Prejudiced remarks, offensive ethnic jokes and racial slurs can occur in any
setting. Left unchecked, such comments can often get out of hand and poison a
work, school or social situation. Not responding to these remarks conditions us to
accept them; and if we accept these it may be easier to be accepting of bigotry,
discrimination, scapegoating or even violence.
While there are no cookbook strategies for confronting such remarks, the
following are some effective strategies:
In a private conversation--
Don't laugh at the joke or slur
If you know the person, voice your anger to them calmly but pointedly.
State how you feel rather than making an abstract statement.
Paraphrase the remarks to make sure you perceived the comment as
the person meant it.
If the speaker dismisses the objection, continue the dialogue, hear the
other person's concerns and point out your own.
In a group setting or meeting--
• If the remark or action is particularly outrageous, regardless of the
speaker or the setting, it may be necessary to register your
disagreement.
• Usually in a group setting it is preferable not to publicly embarrass the
person making an offensive comment.
• An excellent alternative is to take the offender aside afterward - then
use the strategies as in a private conversation discussed above.
• At a large meeting or public talk, passing the speaker a note may be an
appropriate means of expressing your displeasure with an offensive
comment.
General Tips--
Ask colleagues or friends who heard the remark if they share your
views about it.
Try to get at the resentments that lie behind a racial/ethnic slur or joke
by asking open ended questions of the perpetrator.
Beware of formal resources that address discrimination, e.g. grievance
procedures, EEO office.
From "A World of Difference"
Ci
GUIDELINES FOR ACHIEVING COMMUNICATION
FREE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC BIAS
Introduction
The reality of global communication. .. is here. More and more, countries are
becoming multicultural and multilingual. Groups of various heritages are
challenging the dominance of West European influence on daily life in the United
States and Canada.
Discrimination based on race, color and national origin has been with us for
centuries. It remains with us now, despite these trends and a claim to being an
enlightened society. Our language--with all its power to reinforce bias and shape
though--is still stubbornly preserving that "Old World" culture as the standard
against which all other groups are judged.
Bias is subtle. The more deeply it has been assimilated, the more difficult it is to
uncover.
Teachers are, above all else, communicators, and as such it is important for them
to examine language, and select ways of communicating that recognize a
broadening racial and ethnic culture.
Be aware of works, images, and situations that suggest that all or
most members of a racial and ethnic groups are the same. Stereotypes
may lead to assumptions that are unsupportablz and offensive. They cloud
the fact that all attributes may be found in all groups and individuals.
Example: The writer who describes Mexican children as "well-dressed"
may be unconsciously portraying an exception to a mental
image of a"poor" or "unkempt" Mexican.
2. Avoid qualifiers that reinforce racial and ethnic stereotypes. A qualifier
is added information that suggest an exception to the rule.
Example: 'The intelligent Black students were guests as part of an
orientation program." Under what circumstances would you
write, "The intelligent White students..."?
3. Identify by race or ethnic origin only when relevant. Few situations
require such identification.
Example: If this identification is inappropriate: "Michael Dukakis, noted
White Massachusetts Govemor..." is this phrasing any different:
"Jesse Jackson, celebrated Black Democratic leader..."?
4. Be aware of language that, to some people, has questionable racial or
ethnic connotations. While a word or phrase may not be personally
offensive to you, it may be to others.
Example: "culturally deprived" or "culturally disadvantaged." These terms
may imply superiority of one culture over another. In fact,
people so labeled are often bicultural and bilingual.
'��
(cont.)
"Non-white" - this work implies that white is the standard. in
North American language, similar words such as "non-black" or
"non-yellow" do not exist.
"Minority" - this work is accurate in North America. However, its
use ignores the fact that people of color comprise the majority of
the world's population (any may comprise the majority of your
immediate locale).
5. Be aware of the possible negative implications of color symbolic
words. Choose language and usage that do not offend people or reinforce
bias. In some instances "black" and "yellow" have become associated with
the undesirable or negative.
Example: "black reputation," "yellow coward."
6. Avoid patronizing and tokenism toward any racial or ethnic group.
Example: Once a year articles or special editions about a particular group
may be interpreted as cultural tokenism, especially when such a
group constitutes a large part of your ...community. This
approach may suggest that a racial or ethnic group is out of the
mainstream.
7. Substitute substantive information for ethnic cliches. Do more
homework. Don't let ethnic cliches substitute for in-depth material.
Example: A person of Spanish heritage might prefer to be asked about
family history or political experiences �ather than about fiestas.
8. Review media to see if all groups are fairly represented.
Examples: Are persons portrayed in positions of authority almost invariably
white?
Does your media provide racial and ethnic role models?
From "A World of Difference"
VALUING DIVERSITY
The Benefits of Diversitv
• A source of richness and strength
• Promotes creativity and innovation
• Better decisions based on different perspectives and viewpoints
• Can resutt in greater productivity
• Makes work more fun and interesting
• Personal benefits to increasing your comfort level with people who are
different
Barriers to Being Effective in a Multi-cultural Work�lace
• Preconceptions and stereotypes about other cultures
• Language/communication barriers
• Anxiety and discomfort in dealing with differences and unfamiliar
experiences
• Organizational constraints and rules
• Lack of knowledge
- Cultural Differences
• Culture consists of all those things that people have learned to do,
believe, value, and enjoy in their history.
.
• Culture is not external but is "within the person"
• Millions of people today live and work in a culture other than their own
• People have a hard time identifying cultural differences between
individuals without calling one or the other superior
• Language is an expression of culture and reflects the values of a
culture
• The valuing of cultural differences is critical to the development of a
culturally competent workforce
• All cross-cultural interactions/encounters with co-workers and/or clients
are potential learning experiences
E
(cont.)
Barriers to Communication in a Multi-cultural Settins�
• Differences in styles
• Lack of awareness of our own and others' non-verbal communication
• Di�culty talking about differences
• Failure to actively listen
• Unexamined assumptions and expectations
Valuing Diversity
• Make every effort to increase awareness of your own preconceptions
and stereotypes of cultures you encounter.
• Try to interpret the behavior of people from another culture from their
cultural perspective.
• Be willing to test, adapt, and change your perceptions to fit new
experiences.
• Do not judge people from another culture by your own cultural values
until you have come to know them and their cultural values.
• Maintain objectivity.
• Examine your own beliefs and values.
• Establish relationships with people like yoursetf and others who are
different.
• Recognize the contribution of people different from yourself.
• Learn to work constructively with those who have different perspectives
and styles.
• Look for results, not reasons.
• Develop the habit of questioning your assumptions when you are in
contact with someone different from yourself.
From Video Series, Valuing Diversiry—Communicating Across Cuttures. Griggs Production
�
A CLOSER LOOK AT CULTURE
by Mako Makagawa
Culture is that part of human interactions and experience that determines how one
feels, acts and thinks. It is through one's culture that one establishes standards to
judge right from wrong, beauty and truth, and to make judgments on one's self as well
as others. The things and ideas one values and cherishes, how one learns, believes,
behaves, reacts, etc., are all immersed in, and impacted by, one's culture. It is one's
culture that prescribes the very sense of the individual's scope of reality.
Everyone has culture. To deny anyone culture is to deny human experiences. A
person's culture is not a rigid, static state, but a continuously developing part of his/her
life as interactions with others continue. A person absorbs culture from all human
resources in one's environment. It naturally follows that (unless one happens to be in
the unusual circumstance of social isolation/insulation) most people are aligned with
many cultures. Those fortunate people deeply steeped in two ethnic cultures are
designated as bicultural people. However, all people are culturally multi-faceted.
Because culture is transmitted either directly or indirectly from others, it is, by
definition, a shared experience. It is important to not that, to whatever extent
commonalties exist within a given culture group, each member has his/her own
unique profile of that culture. Thus, members of a cultural group have much diversity
within the group -- each drawing from his/her own unique experiences. This diversity
within the groups makes it very difficult to teach about a cultural group with accuracy
and without succumbing to over-generalizations. _
The essence of one's culture does not lend itself to a display nor can it be shared on
demand. Like a fine, elaborately spun spider web, one's culture is made of many
interlocking, intricate strands. Like a snowflake, each pattern is unique. Like all
delicate things, one's culture must be approached with sensitive care. We are not
privy to the culture of another without earning the trust and willingness of the keeper of
the particular web to freely share of his/herself.
Culture cannot be seen, tasted, touched, smelled or heard. When an attempt is made
to introduce someone to a culture through these senses, we are limiting learning to
the most supe�cial form. It may be analogous to a person claiming they know who
you are because of having seen a photo image of you. The food tasting and dance
exhibitions, popular multicultural educational activities, are only as sound as the
educational objective being promoted. These activities are neither good nor bad. But,
unless they are tied to a specific objective of educational value to the student, and
appropriate to the intellectual development of the learner, we may be wasting valuable
educational time.
Too often we are drawn to the colorFul or exotic aspects of cultural manifestations and
inadvertently lead students to strengthening rather than reducing stereotyping. This
mode of inappropriate multicultural exercises is often labeled as the "travel brochure"
approach. There is usually no evidence of ill intent, but the results are often seen as
harmful in that what is learned is not necessarily what was meant to be taught. Much
of what is currently presented as multicultural activities falls into the dichotomy of what
is referred to as the "Dance or Bleed Syndrome." The cultures of minority people are
viewed as entertainment or painful histories of victimized groups. While both strands
of this dichotomy may be based on facts, the full vitality of real people does not
emerge through this approach. .
F
(cont.)
Effective multicultural education must be integrally linked with higher thinking skills.
Effective multicultural education must build on one's understanding of one's self and
the interrelationships with others. We must shift from the leaming of "them" to the
learning of "us." We must expand our sense of "me" to a sense of "we." (In a future
issue of Your Public schools, we will share the concept of "cooperative pluralism"
which concems the leaming of "us" and "we.") We must further our horizons and find
creative, fresh strategies to bring to the consciousness of our students the
understanding that we each are only one person and we are all part of a total human
race of people.
In summary:
• Culture is shared human experiences and yet each person has his/her own
unique profile of culture.
• We draw from many cultures to form our own unique patterns. Like the
spider, if undisturbed, we can continue to further develop our "web" from
such influences as gender, ethnicity, religion, familial practices, hobbies,
etc.
• Culture is fluid and dynamic - not frozen and static.
• There is much diversity witFiin any group, including a cultural group. A
homogeneous group has the communality of only that standard which
originally identified the group.
• Teaching a cultural specific activity must not inadvertently strengthen
stereotyping.
• The value of a mutlicultural activity must be evaluated on the precision of
the activity meeting the educational objective, and the educational objective
must be relevant to the future of the learner.
• Multicultural activities must be linked to higher thinking skills.
• Multicultural education should build bridges of trust that close the distances
between people.
Source: Reprinted from YOUR PUBLIC SCHOOLSMovember 1986
CHARA�TERISTICS OF A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE PERSON
The culturally sensitive person is one who has moved from being culturally unaware
to being aware and sensitive to his/her own cuitural baggage.
• ethnocentrism
• other cultures seen as being equally valuable as own
2. A culturally sensitive person is aware of his/her own values and biases and how
they may affect others.
• avoids prejudice, unwarranted labeling, stereotyping
• tries to avoid preconceived limitations/notions about people nom other
cultures
3. The culturally sensitive person will have a good understanding of the sociopolitical
system's operation in the U.S. with respect to its treatment of people from other
cultures.
• understands impact and operation of oppression (racism, classism, sexism,
etc.)
• understands racist concepts that have permeated social institutions
• understands the role cultural racism plays in development of identity and
world views among people of color
4. A culturally sensitive person is one who is comfortable with differences that exist
between groups in terms of race and beliefs.
• does not see differences as deviant
• does not profess "color blindness," does not deny existence of differences
arising from membership in different racial groups
5. The culturally sensitive person must possess specific knowledge and information
about the particular group he/she is interacting with.
• aware of history, experiences, cultural values, and tife-styles of various
ethniGracial groups
• the more knowledge possessed, the more effective the communication
6. The culturally sensitive person must have a clear and explicit knowledge of the
generic characteristics.
• language, cultural values, class values
• understands value assumptions inherent in his/her profession and how
these interact with the culturally different
7. At the skills level, the culturally sensitive person must be able to generate a wide
variery of verbal and non-verbal responses.
• expands repertoire of responses
• understands appropriate time to use these responses
It is important that the culturally sensitive person respects the world view of others. This
does NOT mean each has to hold these world views as his/her own. Rather, it means
each is able to see and accept, in a nonjudgmental manner, the legitimacy of alternative
ways to view the world.
Excerpt from Counselina the Culturallv Different. Theorv and Practice
by Derald W. Sue. John Wiley and Son Publishers, 1981.
G
17��1`►1���1�
Ableism: Attitudes, actions/inactions, policies, and physical environments, which
subordinate a person or group because of his/her physical, sensory,
psychological, or learning disabilities. Ableism operates on a number of levels:
individual, cultural, institutional, and any combination thereof.
Beliefs: Cultural agreements about what is true or false; descriptions of
assumptions about the world and or our place in it.
Classism: Individual, cultural, institutional systems which oppress people who
may not have had access to those economic, educational, social, experiential or
intellectual resources, which are defined as important by the dominant culture.
Culture: All of the learned and shared products of a group or a society.
Culture Encapsulation: Maintaining a cocoon by evading reality through
ethnocentrism and/or through relativism ("to each their own") and depending
entirely on one's own intemalized value assumptions about what is good for
society. Isolation is accentuated by culture-bound and time-honored values to
prevail against the tentativeness of present knowledge. The same sociological
data which can inform us can be misused to reinforce tendencies toward
stereotyped images of cultural groups; separating and encapsulating the
individual from social reality. (From A Handbook for Deve/oping Mu/ticu/tural
Awareness by Paul Pederson.)
Cultural Groups in United States: African American, Amer�can Indian, Asian
American, European American, Hispanic American.
Cultural Pluralism/Cultural Diversity: The inclusion of all cultural/ethnic/racial
groups.
Curriculum: Refers to that body of knowledge which is transmitted to learners; is
not limited to formal instruction; includes anything that happens to a student
during a school day; is the responsibility of all school district employees,
representatives.
Discrimination: Behavioral - differential treatment of individuals because of their
perceived membership in a minority group.
Discrimination: Results from individuals or institutions having the power to act
on prejudice. .
Ethnic/Cultural/Racial Groups: Refers to groups with which individuals identify;
based on such commonly shared factors such as language, heritage, geographic
origin, religion and/or race.
Ethnocentrism: Belief in the inherent superiority of one's own group and culture;
it may be accompanied by feelings of contempt for those others who do not
belong; it tends to look down upon those considered as foreign; it views and
measures alien cultures and groups in terms on one's own culture.
Gender Fair: Refers to equity of females and males; does not employ sexist
language or practices.
H
(cont.)
Heterosexism: Individual, institutional and cultural systems that oppress people
because of their affectional/sexual preference.
Homophobia: Fear, anger and hatred of lesbian and gay people.
Institutional Racism: Institutional racism represents a social system in which
race is the major criterion of role assignment, role rewards, and socialization.
After colonial contact takes place, elite monopoly of political, economic, social,
cultural, and psychological resources develops, resulting in a social system which
is oppressive of all minorities.
Minority: An individual who is not part of the power structure; in the United
States, usually a female or person or color.
Multicultural: Refers to many cultures; goes beyond a white, western
perspective
Multicultural/Gender-fair Curriculum: A curriculum which weaves information
by and about all persons into its learner outcomes, activities and instructional
strategies; a curriculum which comes from a salad bow/ rather than from a
me/ting pot perspective; a curriculum in which differences are acknowledged,
accepted, affirmed, celebrated!
Norms: A culture's rules of right and wrong behavior.
Oppression: An experience in that the living of one's life is confined and shaped
by forces and barriers which are not accidental or occasional and hence
avoidable, but are systematically related to each other in such a way as to catch
one between and among them and restrict or penalize motion in any direction. It
is the experience of being caged in: all avenues, in any direction, are blocked or
booby trapped. (From: The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory by
Marilyn Frye.)
Organizational Culture: All of the learned and shared values, beliefs and norms
of an organization.
Prejudice: An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand without
adequate knowledge, thought or reason.
Racism: Any attitude, action or inaction which subordinates a person or group
because of his or her color. Racism is based on the ability to exercise power;
power + prejudice = racism. Racism can be either individual, cultural or
institutional.
Sexism: Individual, cultural and institutional systems which oppress people
because of their sex.
Stereotype: A standardized picture that is held in common by members of a
group and represents an oversimplified opinion, effective attitude (influencing
feelings and emotions) or uncritical judgment.
Values: Those things that a culture regards as morally good or bad, desirable or
undesirable.
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