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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016-07-18 ENR Packet AGENDA CITY OF MAPLEWOOD ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION Monday, July 18, 2016 7:00 p.m. Council Chambers - Maplewood City Hall 1830 County Road B East 1.Call to Order 2.Roll Call 3.Approval of Agenda 4.Approval ofMinutes:June 20, 2016 5.New Business a.GreenStep Cities – Step 4 Award b.City of Maplewood Greenhouse Gas Assessment – Presentation by Ted Redmond, Co-Founderof 6.Unfinished Business a.Urban Agriculture - Zoning Review 7.Visitor Presentations 8.Commission Presentations 9.Staff Presentations a.National Night Out – August 2 b.Solar Garden Subscription AgreementUpdate c.Nature Center Programs 10.Adjourn Agenda Item 4 MINUTES CITY OF MAPLEWOOD ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION 7:00 p.m., Monday,June 20,2016 Council Chambers, City Hall 1830 County Road B East 1. CALL TO ORDER A meeting of the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission was called to order at 7:00 p.m.by Chair Miller. 2. ROLL CALL Keith Buttleman, Commissioner Absent MaryHenderson, Commissioner Absent Mollie Miller, Chair Present Ann Palzer, Commissioner Present Ryan Ries, Commissioner Present Tom Sinn, Vice Chair Present Ginny Yingling, Commissioner Present Staff Present Shann Finwall, Environmental Planner 3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA Commissioner Sinnmoved to approve the agenda as submitted. Seconded by CommissionerYingling. Ayes – All The motion passed. 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES CommissionerPalzer moved to approve theMay 16,2016, Environmental and Natural Resources Commission meeting minutes as submitted. Seconded by CommissionerRies. Ayes – All The motion passed. 5. NEW BUSINESS a.Governmental Solar Subscriber Collaborative i.Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall gave an introduction on the Governmental Solar Subscriber Collaborative and introduced Doug Wester to speak. ii.Doug Wester, Geronimo Energy, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite725, Edina, addressed and answered questions of the commission. iii.Matt Ledvina, Maplewood resident and Community Solar Garden subcommittee member addressed the commissionin favor of this project. June 20, 2016 1 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes Mr. Wester stated that the 25-year community solar garden subscription agreement would generate enough solar power to offset 45% of the City’s electricity use.The cost analysis reflects an accumulated savings of $344,088.85over the life of the 25-year contract. The Commission discussed several aspects of the agreement including: Renewable energy credits. Community solar garden locationand timing. Commissioner Sinn moved torecommend approval of the community solar garden subscription agreement with Geronimo Energy through the Governmental Solar Subscriber Collaborative. Seconded by Commissioner Yingling.Ayes –All The motion passed. This item will go to the city council on June 27, 2016 and Chair Miller will represent the ENR Commission at the meeting. b.Valley Branch Watershed District Boundary Change i.Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall gave the report on the Valley Branch Watershed District boundary change and answered questions of the commission. CommissionerYinglingmoved torecommend approval of the resolution that supports the petition from Valley Branch Watershed District to the Board of Water and Soil Resources, requesting a boundary change for the transfer of territory between it and its adjacent watershed management plan. Seconded by CommissionerPalzer.Ayes –All The motion passed. c.ENR Commission Rules of Procedure Amendment –Meeting Start Times i.Environmental Planner, ShannFinwall gave the report about amending the start time of the ENR Commission meetingsfrom 7 p.m. to 6p.m. The majority of the commission stated it would be a hardship for them to get to the meetings by 6 p.m. with work hours, traffic,and childcare needsand would prefer to leave the start time at 7 p.m. 6.UNFINISHED BUSINESS a.Urban Agriculture –Zoning Review i.Environmental Planner, ShannFinwall gave anupdateon the urban agriculture zoning review and answered questions of the commission. ii.SarahCade, 2616 BittersweetLane,addressed the commission about the chicken permitting process. The ENR Commission continued their discussion of animal agriculture, especially focusing on changes proposed to the City’s chicken ordinance as follows: Remove the 6-foot height requirement for chicken coops and chicken runs. Change neighborhood consent from 100% to 75%. June 20, 2016 2 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes Change permit renewals from one year after the initial permit is issued and every other year thereafter. Require chicken permit inspections during the initial permit process and first renewal, with inspections on an as needed basis thereafter. Change the number of chickens from a maximum of 10 to a maximum number based onspace requirements. 7.VISITOR PRESENTATIONS None present. 8.COMMISSION PRESENTATIONS None. 9.STAFF PRESENTATIONS a.Energize Maplewood!Update Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall said there were 12 teams with 97households that participated in the Energize Maplewood!Residential Energy Challenge.The winning teamwas the Finny Finsters. They have been awarded the $500 grand prize. The next energy challenge will take place this fall for churches and will be called Energize Your Congregation!Stay tuned for further information about this challenge. b.Organics Tour at The Mulch Store in Rosemount –Tuesday, June 28 Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall said aninvitation was sent out to the City Council, Green Team and the ENR Commissionabout thetour ofThe Mulch Store onTuesday, June 28. Organics collected at City facilities are brought to The Mulch Store for processing into compost. thth c.Maplewood July 4Light It Up Event –Maplewood, July 4 th The City of Maplewood is holding its annual July 4event called Light It Up at Hazelwood Park from 4:00 –10:00 p.m. There will be kid activities, food, drinks,and fireworks at dusk. d.Trash/RecyclingSubcommittee Meeting –Tuesday, July 12 at 2 p.m. Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall said the trash/recycling subcommittee is meeting on July 12at 2 p.m. to discuss the trash and recycling contracts, both expire December 31, 2017. e.Ramsey County Fair and Parade –Wednesday through Sunday, July 13-17 Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall saidthe Ramsey County Parade is Wednesday July 13 on White Bear Avenue. The Ramsey County Fair will run Wednesday through Sunday. f.Nature Center Programs Environmental Planner, ShannFinwall presented the upcoming Nature Center Programs. For more information contact the Maplewood Nature Center at (651) 249-2170. 10.ADJOURNMENT Chair Miller adjourned the meeting at8:46p.m. June 20, 2016 3 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes Agenda Item 5.a. MEMORANDUM TO: Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM:Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE: July 13, 2016, for the July18ENR Commission Meeting SUBJECT:GreenStep Cities – Step 4 Award Maplewood was one of seven cities in the state that was awarded the GreenStep Cities Step 4 award during the League of Minnesota Cities conference on June 15 in St. Paul. Step 4 is the highest achievement a City can receive in the programat this time. Recognition in the form of “Steps” is given to cities as they complete sustainability best practices outlined in the program. The actions are tailored to all Minnesota cities, focus on cost savings and energyuse reduction, and encourage civic innovation.Once a City achieves the highest level of sustainability best practices outlined in Steps 1 through 3, Step 4 challenges cities to measure and report, with numbers, the aggregate, quantitative results of taking multiple actions. The GreenStep Cities program coordinators are now designing the final recognition in the program – Step 5 – which will challenge cities to show improvement in the Step 4 metrics. More information can be found on the City’s GreenStep Cities webpage at www.maplewoodmn.gov/1003/GreenStep-Cities. Agenda Item 5.b. MEMORANDUM TO:Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM:Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE:July 13, 2016, for the July18ENR Commission Meeting SUBJECT:City of Maplewood Greenhouse Gas Assessment Introduction Greenhouse gas (GHG) assessments offer a valuable way to compare theeffectiveness of multiple energy and sustainability best practice actionsover time.GHG assessments support planning for sustainability by defining a baseline, tracking a trajectory, and measuring outcomes of sustainable strategies. They can also track progress toward meeting the State’s goals regarding energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction, and can be used for cities to set their own targets and track progress towards energy or climate goals. Background Our current energy systems are fossil-fuel based, with nearly all products and services responsible for GHG emissions. A carbon footprint results from the emissions of fossil fuels burned either directly, or indirectly, in delivering that product or service. The greenhouse gas effect directly impacts Earth’s atmospheric energy and temperature, contributing to climate change impacts. TheState of Minnesotais responding to climate change and is focused on reducing the State’s GHG emissions. The State’s Next Generation Energy Act of 2007 sets a targetfor GHG emission reductions of 30%below 2005 levels by 2025 and 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. Through the comprehensive planning process the City of Maplewood should set realistic goals for reducing GHG emissionscity-wide and in city operations. Having a baseline GHG assessment is the first step in the City’s GHG reduction planning process. Discussion The GreenStep Cities – Step 4 metrics require that a City measure its city-wide and city- operationGHG.In 2016 Ted Redmond, co-founder of Pale Blue Dot, LLC,andaresident of Maplewood, donated his services to the City to completea GHG baseline assessment (Attachment 1). The city-wide data was established for the year 2013 through the Regional Indicators Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) and include energy use, travel and transportation, water use, solid waste, and wastewater. It does not include indirect emissions associated with food and product purchases, or with services provided residents and businesses outside of City boundaries. City-wide 2013 GHG emissions totaled487,020 Metric Tonnes of COequivalent 2 (impact of all greenhouse gases), 55% of which is produced by residential and commercial energy use. This represents a per capita emission of 12.12 Metric Tonnes. The city-operationbaseline data was collected for the year 2015 and calculated for the first time. City operation emissions include city buildings and grounds, streetlights and signals, city vehicles, employee travel and transportation, water and wastewater, and solid waste. City- operation 2015 GHG emissions totaled 5,267.41 Metric Tonnes, which is 1.08% of city-wide GHG emissions. It represents an emission rate of 31.92 Metric Tonnes per employee, 43.37 pounds of COequivalent per city facility per year. 2 Recommendation Ted Redmond, co-founder of the Pale Blue Dot, LLC, will be present during the July 18, 2016, Environmental and Natural Resources Commission meeting to present the findings of the city- wide and city-operation GHG assessment. TheCommission should offer comment and feedback on the assessment. Attachment 1.City of Maplewood Greenhouse Gas Baseline InventoryDocument 2 Attachment 1 June 2016 Greenhouse Gas Baseline Inventory Report Index Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Introduction 1 o Background o The Carbon Cycle and the Role of Greenhouse Gases o Man-Made Greenhouse Contributions o Minnesota Climate Change Impacts o Why Measure? o Methodology, Terminology, and Sources o Normalization for Weather o Graphic Representations Executive Summary 3 o Summary of Inventory Results o Community Comparisons o Opportunities for Reduction o Potential Next Steps for City of Maplewood Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Inventory 4 o Community Wide Energy Use o Community Wide Travel and Transportation o Community Wide Water Use o Community Wide Solid Waste o Community Wide Waste Water o Community Wide Total Appendix City Operations Greenhouse Gas Inventory 11 o City Operations Buildings and Grounds Detail o City Operations Buildings and Grounds o City Operations Streetlights and Signals Detail o City Operations Streetlights and Signals o City Operations Vehicles Detail o City Operations Vehicles o City Operations Travel and Transportation Detail o City Operations Travel and Transportation o City Operations Water and Wastewater Detail o City Operations Water and Wastewater Utilities o City Operations Solid Waste Detail o City Operations Solid Waste o Total City Operations GHG Inventory Introduction Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory According to the US EPA: From “Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Management of Selected Background Materials in Municipal Solid Waste” 1998 In January 2016 the City of Maplewood engaged Pale Blue Dot LLC to prepare a Since the preindustrial era, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have Greenhouse Gas (GHG) baseline inventory for City-Wide emissions as well as for City increased by nearly 30 percent and CH4 concentrations have more than Operations. City-Wide GHG emissions included in this report were to be those already doubled. There is a growing international scientific consensus that this established for the year 2013 through the Regional Indicators Initiative while City increase has been caused, at least in part, by human activity, primarily Operations baseline data was to be collected and calculated for the first time in this the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for such activities as report. generating electricity and driving cars. The City of Maplewood is committed to improved sustainability. The City strives to In international scientific circles a consensus is growing that the buildup of improve upon the natural and built environment by using best practices for sustainability. CO2 and other GHGs in the atmosphere will lead to major environmental On June 23, 2008, the City Council adopted the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection changes such as (1) rising sea levels that may flood coastal and river Agreement. The agreement commits the City to reducing emissions and pollution in City delta communities; (2) shrinking mountain glaciers and reduced snow operations and the community. The Council authorized staff to form a working group to cover that may diminish fresh water resources; (3) the spread of infectious review and make recommendations on how the City can realistically and feasibly diseases and increased heat-related mortality; (4) possible loss in reduce emissions and pollution now and in the future. The work group formed is known biological diversity and other impacts on ecosystems; and (5) agricultural as the Green Team and is an example of the City’s leadership by example.shifts such as impacts on crop yields and productivity. In December 2010, the City began engagement in the Minnesota Greenstep Cities Many uncertainties remain regarding the precise timing, magnitude, and Program sponsored by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Greenstep Cities is a regional patterns of climate change and the extent to which mankind and challenge, assistance, and recognition program supporting cities in achieving nature can adapt to any changes. It is clear, however, that changes will sustainability and quality-of-life goals. not be easily reversed for many decades or even centuries because of This Greenhouse Gas Baseline Inventory report is designed both to meet the the long atmospheric lifetimes of GHGs and the inertia of the climate requirements for the Greenstep Cities program, but also to provide a framework for on- system going dialogue in support of the City’s commitment to the US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement Minnesota Climate Change Impacts The Carbon Cycle and the Role of Greenhouse Gases Minnesota’s climate has already begun to change. Average temperatures in Minnesota The Carbon Cycle is exchanged among the oceans, atmosphere, and ecosystem. This are 1.5 to 2 degrees warmer than they were in the 1980’s and seven of the State’s ten cycle has been a closed, balanced system for hundreds of thousands of years. This warmest years on record have occurred in the last 15 years. Annual frequency of large cycle is present in the atmosphere primarily as carbon dioxide and methane. These two storms in Minnesota have more than doubled in the last 50 years, with a 70% increase primary greenhouse gases uniquely allow light to pass while capturing infrared energy. occurring in just the last decade. Minnesota has seen three “1,000 year” flash floods in This “Greenhouse Effect” directly impacts Earth’s atmospheric energy and temperatures only 12 years and scientists anticipate occurrence of extreme weather to continue to – without the historic levels of greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere, the average increase in frequency. surface temperature of the Earth would be 0 degrees Fahrenheit. Climate change has already begun to impact the Minnesota economy. In 2013, the Man-Made Greenhouse Contributions State logged some of the highest severe weather-related claims in the country, and since As our current energy systems are fossil fuel based, nearly all products and services are 1997, 32 severe weather natural disasters cost Minnesota over $500,000,000. In addition, responsible for GHG emissions. This “Carbon Footprint” results from the emissions of fossil University of Minnesota economists have calculated the health and environmental costs fuels burned either directly, or indirectly in delivering that product or service. of our fossil-fuel based electrical production at over $2,000,000,000 annually. Burning fossil fuels release hydrocarbons which have been outside the natural carbon The State of Minnesota is responding to climate change and is focused on reducing the cycle for millions of years. These emissions have increased atmospheric greenhouse State’s carbon emissions. The State’s 2007 Next Generation Energy Act established gases by 40%, changing the chemistry and raising the total atmospheric energy and climate mitigation goals which included a reduction of statewide greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. According to the EPA, man-made carbon emissions emissions to at least 15% below 2005 levels by 2015, 30% below 2005 levels by 2025, and are likely to remain in our atmosphere for hundreds of years. Though unintended, our 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. Though the State has missed its first goal, progress has individual actions and business operations are contributing to climate change impacts. been made and Statewide emissions were reduced between 2007 and 2010 a total of 3%. (https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases.html ). 1 Introduction Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Why Measure? As the management consultant and author Peter Drucker noted, “What gets measured gets managed”. Measurement provides data both to understand where opportunities for improvement exist as well as to understand and reward success. Measurement of GHG emissions is the essential first step to successfully meet reduction goals. Establishing a baseline emissions understanding and updating the data annually is a critical component of meeting the emission reduction goals established by the City of Maplewood’s adoption Normalization For Weather of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement as well as the Statewide reduction The energy consumption associated with our buildings is very closely related to weather. targets. By undertaking this initiative to track emissions, the City of Maplewood is yet Colder winters demand more energy consumption to heat our buildings while hotter again illustrating its leadership in sustainability. summers require higher use of air conditioning to maintain temperatures. To facilitate annual comparisons, building energy consumption and GHG emissions should be understood not just in actual levels, but also normalized for weather conditions. This enables a review of year over year GHG performance while filtering out factors which are beyond the City’s control. Weather Normalization is achieved by calculating a normalization factor comparing a given year’s total Heating Degree Days (HDD) and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) against a 30 year average. These normalization factors are then applied to the portion of electrical I have been struck again and again by how important energy typically attributed to cooling and the portion of gas energy typically used for building heat. It is assumed that 25% of all electricity consumption is for air conditioning measurement is to improving the human condition. and for electrical normalization calculations is adjusted by the CDD factor. The remaining 75% of electrical use is unaffected. Similarly, 80% of gas usage in Minnesota is assumed to Bill Gates be for building heating and is adjusted by the HDD factor while the remaining 20% is unaffected in Normalized calculations. Graphic Representations Methodology, Sources, and Terminology Much of the emissions data reported in this Baseline Inventory report are also graphically This Greenhouse Gas Baseline Inventory is assembled based on the Greenhouse Gas represented in terms of volume of atmosphere. These representations are a unique Protocol for businesses and communities established by GHG Protocol hallmark of the Pale Blue Dot’s work and they are included in order to help facilitate an (www.ghgprotocol.org/) and is consistent with the protocol established by ICLEI Local increased awareness of the order of magnitude our collective emissions represent. Governments for Sustainability. Volumetric calculations used in these graphics are based on the average atmospheric volume occupied by carbon dioxide as calculated by the International Carbon Bank and The community-wide emissions data referred to in this document are all from City of Exchange. Maplewood’s reporting engagement in the Regional Indicator’s Initiative. The City Operations emissions data are based on raw metrics collected by City of Maplewood staff with emissions calculations based on emission factors and Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors established by various sources such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency. All calculations in this document transparently show the emission factors being used as well as source references. Every 1 ounce CO2e The terminology used in this report is consistent with international Carbon Footprinting is equal to over 960 protocols. Unless noted otherwise, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions shown in this cubic inches of report are in CO2e: Carbon Dioxide Equivalent. CO2e is a standard for expressing the Atmospheric impact of all greenhouse gas including those from pollutants such as methane and nitrous Greenhouse gas. oxide in terms of the equivalent amount of CO2 that would have the same impact. GHG emissions are represented in Metric Tonnes (2,204.62 pounds) to be consistent with international standard reporting. 2 Executive Summary Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Total City Emissions 487,020 Summary of Inventory Results Metric Tonnes This report summarizes the Greenhouse Gas emissions inventory for the City of Maplewood community wide as well as City Operations. Community wide emissions are based on 9,555,876,885 emission data reported to Regional Indicators Initiative. Calculations for the City of Cubic Feet of Maplewood Operations emissions are based on data collected for this report and can be Man-Made found in the appendix section. Atmosphere Community wide emissions total 487,020 Metric Tonnes (1,073,694,032 pounds) CO2e, 55% of which is produced by residential and commercial energy use. The City operates a total of 8 facilities tracked on B3 Benchmarking, numerous city vehicles, lift/pump stations, street lights, and street signals. Each of these components of the City’s operational infrastructure consume grid-based electricity, natural gas, gasoline, or diesel fuel. For the baseline 2015 year, the City of Maplewood municipal operations totaled 5,267.41 Metric Tonnes (11,612,584 pounds) CO2e. Forest acres needed to sequesterTotal land within City:Emissions reduction required Maplewood Community Wide97,420 Acresfor community to sequester its Greenhouse gas Emissions:own emissions: Maplewood Tree Acres Cover: 35%(est) Community Comparisons The results of community GHG inventories vary somewhat due to the information Volume Visualization collected, as well as the range of services provided by city entities directly, services The graphic above represents the community wide volume of man-made GHG contracted out on behalf of the subject city, or services which are provided by entirely atmosphere produced annually by the City of Maplewood emissions totals. - seen here separate governmental agencies or privatized. Consequently, a direct city-to-city from the St Paul High Bridge 6.25 miles away. The volume of atmosphere is equal to a comparison should not be viewed as a comprehensive comparison of Greenhouse Gas cube feet on each face. emission efficiencies. We believe, however, that as an emerging practice, municipalities 2,122 should look towards building and sharing data in order to develop a stronger Potential Next Steps for the City of Maplewood understanding of where each municipality can advance efficiencies and meet We recommend the City implement the following: Greenhouse Gas reduction goals. The following is a brief comparison of City Operations Emissions between a few Twin City Metro communities: 1) Engage a consultant to work with City to develop a GHG Reduction goal and action plan. 2) Maintain and update Community Wide and City Operations GHG inventory annually to track progress City Operations Metric Tonnes against energy and greenhouse gas reduction goals. Maplewood:5,267 Total 32 /staff 48/Facility sf 3) Engage a consultant for a detailed Facility Assessment, Energy Audit, and energy efficiency action Elk River:5,922 Total 49 /staff 43/Facility SF plan for the City Hall/Police, Fire Station 7, and Community Center facilities. Edina:24,939 Total 50 /staff 4) Explore the feasibility of installation of additional renewable energy generation on one or more City Bloomington:17,974 Total 58 /staff facility Falcon Heights:397 Total 24 /staff 5) Explore potential of developing an Alternative Energy TIF district for redevelopment of target sites within the City. Opportunities for Reduction 6) Engage a consultant to develop a detailed sidewalk, bike lane, bike trail, tree and pollinator corridor The sections in this report summarizing each GHG inventory category include and connectivity study. identification of potential opportunities for reduction. Though not comprehensive, these 7)Implement Public Transit Commuter Campaign building awareness among City staff by strategies represent municipal best practices which the City may benefit from continuing, communicating public transit routes, establish carpool groups, and communicate reimbursement expanding, or implementing. We have selected a few we believe the City may benefit potentials available under December 2015 US Consolidated Appropriations Act (HR 2029) from the most and have included them in Potential Next Steps for The City of Maplewood. 3 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory 270,111 Metric Tonnes Energy Use 5,299,879,805 Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: How does Community Wide Energy Use contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions?55.46% Cubic Feet of Nationally, 12% of US GHG emissions originate from businesses and residents arising Community Total Atmosphere primarily from fossil fuels burned for heating and cooking. Another 30% of national GHG emissions are generated through the burning of fossil fuels for the production of electricity. The burning of fossil fuels results in a range of pollution byproducts including Greenhouse Gases. When burned, per British Thermal Unit (Btu) of energy produced, fossil fuels emit between 117 pounds of CO2 for Natural Gas to 229 pounds CO2 for Coal. The amount of GHG emissions associated with electricity use varies from region to region based on the mix of fuel used in each regional electrical grid. According to Xcel Energy public data, the emission factor for their electrical service within Minnesota is 1.04 pounds CO2 per Kwh. Volume Visualization The graphic above represents the community wide volume of man-made GHG atmosphere produced annually by community wide building energy use - seen here from White Bear Lake and I-694 2.25 miles away. The volume of atmosphere is equal to a cube feet on each face. 1,744 Summary of findings* Total actual annual energy consumption throughout the City of Maplewood was 3,218,415 MMBtu with 48% attributed to residential consumers and 52% commercial and industrial uses. Baseline GHG emissions associated with this community-wide energy Opportunities for reduction consumption totals 270,111 Metric Tonnes (595,492,113 pounds) CO2 with 57% related to electricity consumption and 43% generated from natural gas usage. Alternative Energy TIF:Explore potential of developing an Alternative Energy TIF district for redevelopment of target sites within City, similar to the program established by the On a per capita basis, energy consumption in Maplewood totals 50 MMBtu per City of Chicago. resident, 65% of the State average of 77 MMBtu. Maplewood commercial and industrial energy consumption averaged 57 MMBtu per job compared to the State of Community Solar: Conduct a study to determine potential neighborhoods/areas well Minnesota average of 66 MMBTU suited for community solar. Support the development of Minnesota community solar submissions within City of Maplewood. When normalized for weather, total annual energy consumption throughout the City of Maplewood is adjusted downward 6.4% to an adjusted total of 3,012,575 MMBtu and a Sustainable Business Park: Explore the creation of a net zero business park focused on corresponding Weather Normalized Baseline GHG of 254,911 Metric Tonnes. green product development, business incubation, and green job training for City of Maplewood residents. Sustainable Business Park can function as a regional *As reported for 2013 in Regional Indicator’s Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) demonstration project for energy reduction strategies. Target sites may include existing Sources: US Department of Energy (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/states/residential.cfm/state=MN), under performing “big box” retail spaces or warehouse buildings. US NOAA (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/cdus/degree_days/) 4 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory 204,212 Metric Tonnes Travel and 4,006,867,749 How does Community Wide Travel and Transportation contribute to Greenhouse 41.93% Cubic Feet of Transportation Gas Emissions? Community Total Atmosphere Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: Transportation sector GHG emissions in the United States for 2013 totaled 1,789,860,000 metric tonnes. Nationally, 26% of GHG emissions originate in the transportation sector. Fossil Fuels used in transportation produce GHG when burned, primarily CO2. In fact, the weight of CO2 produced actually exceeds the weight of the fuel burned. The amount of GHG produced by common transportation fuels ranges from 19.4 pounds per gallon for gasoline to 21.5 pounds for jet fuel and 22.5 pounds for diesel. According to the US EPA: How can GHG The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is emissions weigh more produced from burning a fuel weighs more than the fuel we burn than the amount of the fuel itself, because during complete combustion, each carbon atom in the fuel combines with two oxygen atoms in the air to make CO2. The addition Volume Visualization of two oxygen atoms to each carbon atom The graphic above represents the community wide volume of man-made GHG forms CO2, which has an atomic weight of ? atmosphere produced annually by community transportation and travel - seen here 44—roughly 3.6667 times the atomic weight from White Bear Lake and highway 36. The volume of atmosphere would cover all 268 of the carbon, which is 12. lane-miles of streets within the City to a depth of over feet. 258 Summary of findings* Opportunities for reduction Community wide, baseline Vehicle Miles Total (VMT) for the City of Maplewood Alternative Transportation Planning:Engage a consultant to develop a detailed total 346,248,490 miles on all roads including Interstate, State, County, and sidewalk, bike lane, bike trail, tree and pollinator corridor and connectivity study. Study Municipal roads. Currently, there is no tracking methodology for air travel should focus on defining strong existing routes connecting residents with employment, associated by a community. Consistent with ICLEI protocol, the community commercial, and recreational zones as well as identify connectivity gaps or under wide share of airport emissions, are assumed to be equal to the community’s leveraged opportunities. share of metro-wide homebased vehicle trips. The City of Maplewood’s share Nice Ride: Engage Nice Ride Minnesota to develop bike rental locations at strategic of homebased vehicle trips, and airport travel, are equal to 1.2% of metro total. locations connecting bike trails, commercial corridors, residential sectors, and transit lines. Primary community-wide transportation emissions for the City of Maplewood come from road vehicles and City share of regional air traffic. Road vehicle Promotion: Explore additional ways to define and promote existing alternative emissions account for 81.8% of this total (167,056 Metric Tonnes) while the transportation paths and methods to city businesses and residents. Strategies may community’s share of regional air travel represents 18.2% (37,156 Metric Tonnes). include printed bike/walkway/bus line maps and interactive website. The total community wide annual Baseline Transportation emissions total 204,212 Metric Tonnes, or 5.24 metric tonnes per capita, 7.4% less than the national average. *As reported for 2013 in Regional Indicator’s Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) 5 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory 1,285 Metric Tonnes Water Use 25,213,137 Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: How does Community Wide Water Use contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions?0.26% Cubic Feet of Water and energy use are inextricably linked in modern cities. Energy is required Community Total Atmosphere to extract, treat, and distribute water to residences and businesses. Nationally, the United States consumes over 355 billion gallons of water daily, requiring an estimated 500 billion kwh annually to distribute to users. Globally, water treatment and distribution is estimated to contribute 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions annually. Emissions associated with water use within City of Maplewood equal: Cubic Inches of man- made atmosphere for every gallon of water pumped. 25 (Figure to scale) Volume Visualization The graphic above represents the community wide volume of water consumed (blue mass) and the associated man-made GHG atmosphere produced annually (purple mass) - seen here at Keller Lake near Highway 36. Summary of findings* Ramsey County uses nearly 22 billion gallons of water annually, averaging 118 Opportunities for reduction gallons of water used per person per day. Meanwhile, the total water Fixture Efficiency: Explore partnering with water utility to create a toilet consumption for the City of Maplewood baseline year 2013 accounted for 8.4% replacement program supporting discounts for replacing high water use toilets of Ramsey County’s water use – roughly the equivalent of 2,900 Olympic sized with high efficiency EPA qualified fixtures. swimming pools. Maplewood’s city-wide water use of 1,851,581,174 gallons represents an average water consumption of 130 gallons per person per day, or Public Awareness: Develop water conservation public awareness campaign approximately 110% of the County’s average. Encourage installation of rainwater collection for out-door water use. Most of the water consumed in the City of Maplewood is provided by Saint Paul Regional Water Services. For the 2013 baseline year, the Saint Paul Regional Water Services used 20,434,560 KWH to pump 15.5856 billion gallons to their customers, resulting in an average greenhouse gas emission of 0.025 ounces CO2e per gallon of water consumed. Consequently, the total community wide annual baseline water consumption related emissions total 2,832,919 pounds (1,285 Metric Tonnes) CO2e, or 72.7 pounds per Maplewood resident annually. *As reported for 2013 in Regional Indicator’s Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) Sources: Saint Paul Regional Water Services energy and total production volume data. 6 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory 8,654 Metric Tonnes Solid Waste 169,801,155 Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: How does Community Wide Solid Waste contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions?1.78% Cubic Feet of According to US EPA studies, traditional waste management contributes 1-5% of Community Total Atmosphere our collective GHG emissions in the United States. The processing and treatment of waste can produce emissions of several of the greenhouse gases. Even recycling of waste produces some greenhouse gas emissions, however, these are usually offset by the reduction in fossil fuel use that would be required to create a similar amount of product from raw resources. The most prevalent greenhouse gas produced through municipal solid waste is the methane released during the breakdown of organic matter in landfills. Pound for pound, the cumulative climate change effect of methane is 25 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. The U.S. has 3,091 active landfills and the EPA estimates there are over 10,000 old municipal landfills no longer receiving material. The average American produces 3.5 pounds of trash daily. With a total population of nearly 320 million people, the United States produces approximately 19 billion cubic feet of trash annually. Volume Visualization The graphic above represents the community wide volume of municipal solid waste generated and the associated man-made GHG atmosphere produced annually (yellow mass) - seen here at Keller Lake near Highway 36. The emissions would fill a volume of atmosphere equal to a cube feet per face Summary of findings* 554 Community wide, the City of Maplewood produces an estimated 45,188 tons of Opportunities for reduction municipal solid waste (MSW) annually. Approximately 51% of this total waste, an Explore development or support of training programs for hybrid deconstruction average of nearly 54 pounds per residence every month, is diverted through techniques as an alternative to traditional demolition of residential and small recycling and re-enters the supply chain. In addition, another 32% is sent to the commercial structures Ramsey County RDF (refuse derived fuel) facility and is incinerated for energy. The remaining 17% is deposited in landfills. It should be noted that this diversion Explore development of a “Pay-as-you-throw” waste system with City trash haulers in of MSW from landfills is a significant improvement over the national average of which businesses and residents pay waste disposal charges based on quantities rather than flat rates. 53% MSW deposited in landfills. Explore development of food waste collection and composting with city 2015 baseline GHG emissions associated with the community wide City of restaurants and residents. Maplewood waste totals 8,654 metric tonnes CO2e (19,078,782 pounds). Approximately 62% of those total GHG emissions are associated with the combustion of waste products at the RDF facility while the remaining 38% are associated with emissions not yet captured at landfill sites. *As reported for 2013 in Regional Indicator’s Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) Sources: County Certification Annual Reports and MPCA annual SCORE reports: (https://www.pca.state.mn.us/quick- links/recycling-and-solid-waste-data) 7 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory 2,759 Metric Tonnes Waste Water How does Community Wide Waste Water contribute to GHG Emissions? 54,134,664 Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 0.57% Cubic Feet of Community Total As with water processing and distribution, Wastewater collection and treatment Atmosphere requires energy inputs. With our current energy grid, those energy inputs are significantly fossil fuel based. In addition to emissions associated with fossil fuel use, wastewater treatment produces significant “Biogenic” emissions associated with the microbial processing of the waste solids. The primary gas emitted during biological nitrogen removal is Nitrous Oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas with a potency roughly 300 times that of CO2. With such potency and an observed increase of atmospheric N2O of over 17%, ongoing studies by the US EPA and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) continue to refine understanding of the origins, impacts, and reduction strategies for wastewater N2O emissions. For the purposes of GHG calculations for community carbon footprint reporting, these “Biogenic” emissions are considered to be a part of the biological carbon cycle and are not currently included in the GHG totals. Protocols may change in Volume Visualization the future to include wastewater Biogenic N2O emissions. The City of Maplewood produces 1,350,600,000 gallons of wastewater annually. This volume of waste water is enough to fill Keller Lake over 8x Summary of findings* Wastewater for the City of Maplewood is collected and treated by the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services division (MCES). MCES provides wastewater collection and treatment service for almost 2.7 million residents In 108 communities in the Twin Cities region. MCES treats an average of 250 million gallons of water daily, and for the 2013 baseline year treated a total of 88.4 billion gallons of wastewater. Wastewater attributable to the City of Maplewood for the baseline year 2013 totaled 1,350,600,000 gallons, an average of 95 gallons per person per day. MCES fossil fuel emissions associated with City of Maplewood wastewater totaled 2,759 metric tonnes (6,082,546 pounds) CO2e. In addition to fossil fuel emissions, Biogenic emissions associated with City of Maplewood wastewater treatment for the same year totaled 2,575 metric tonnes. These Biogenic emissions, however, are not currently included in the community wide GHG totals as per protocol standard. *As reported for 2013 in Regional Indicator’s Initiative (http://www.regionalindicatorsmn.com/) Sources: Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, Linda Henning, Special Projects Manager. Emissions data is consistent with that reported to The Climate Registry. The plant emissions attributable to the City are based on the percentage of wastewater treated at the plant that is attributable to the City 8 Community Wide Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Travel and Transportation Water Use Total Solid Waste Total Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Waste Water Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: Energy Use GHG emissions for the 2013 baseline year total 487,021 metric tonnes 9,555,896,509 487,021 Cubic Feet of (1,073,694,032 pounds) CO2e. This represents a per capita emission of 12.12 Metric Tonnes Atmosphere metric tonnes.* Energy Use 270,111 Metric Tonnes(55.46%) Travel and Transportation 204,212 Metric Tonnes(41.93%) Water Use 1,285 Metric Tonnes(0.26%) Solid Waste 8,654 Metric Tonnes(1.78%) Wastewater 2,759 Metric Tonnes(0.57%) Total: 487,021 Metric Tonnes Summary of findings* The total GHG emissions captured by the Regional Indicators Initiative program do not do not include indirect emissions associated with food and product purchases, or with services provided residents and businesses outside of City boundaries. For the average American, these additional GHG emissions total 7.2 metric tonnes. If these indirect emissions were included, the likely total community wide GHG emissions would total 767,460 metric tonnes, or 19.7 Volume Visualization metric tonnes per capita. The graphic above represents the community wide volume of man-made GHG atmosphere produced annually by the City of Maplewood emissions totals. - seen here For more information on the breakdown of the average American resident’s from McKnight and Minnesota 36 1.5 miles away. The volume of atmosphere is equal to GHG emissions, you can view the article and infographic by paleBLUEdot LLC a cube feet on each face. available athttp://www.bluedotregister.org/carbon-copy/2015/2/28/the- 2,122 atmosphere-we-create-the-typical-american-carbon-footprint. 9 Opportunities for Reduction Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory The City of Maplewood has already engaged in a number of efforts aimed at reducing the energy consumption of existing City owned facilities. The City’s newest facility constructed, the South Fire Station, was designed with a specific intent to improve energy nd efficiency, and with EUI performance in the 72 percentile that facility is a successful step How do City Operated Buildings and Grounds contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? forward. According to the US Department of Energy, use for buildings accounts for 41% of the total US energy consumption nationally. Building heating and cooling, lighting, and electronic Based on the energy reporting of all city facilities, however, there are opportunities both equipment use makes up nearly 70% of all commercial building energy use. In the two for energy efficiency improvement and operational cost savings. A focus on reducing the decades between 1980 and 2009, the total energy consumed by our buildings increased 49%. total energy consumption of the City’s three largest facilities (City Hall, Public Works, and the Community Center) could significantly increase City Operation energy efficiency. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with that building energy use comes from direct According to B3 Benchmarking, improving the energy performance of these three emissions of fossil fuels burned on site (natural gas, fuel oil, etc), as well as indirectly from fossil facilities to an EUI performance meeting national medians for facility type could decrease fuels burned to create electricity off-site. The greenhouse gas emissions factor associated with annual operating costs up to $150,000. on-site fuel use is directly related to the carbon content of the fuels burned (see Community Wide Energy Use for fuel factors). The emissions factor associated with electricity use varies Recommendations: based on the raw fuel sources used by the electrical utilities suppling the local electrical grid – · Assess all existing buildings for compliance with the City’s Green Building Code. utility providers who source more of their power through renewable energy sources, have commensurately lower GHG emission factors. · Engage a consultant team to conduct a detailed Facility Assessment and Energy Audit and develop an energy efficiency action plan for the City Hall, Public Works, and Community Center facilities. City Operations Buildings and Grounds Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 66.51% 63,738,624 3,503.30 Cubic Feet of City Operations Metric Tonnes Man-Made Total Atmosphere Summary of Findings* For the City Operations Baseline year of 2015, the eight City of Maplewood buildings reporting to B3 Benchmarking consumed a total of 3,445,336 kwh of electricity and 202,114 therms of natural gas. This relates to an average Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of 134.25 kBTU’s per square foot of building space. According to the State’s B3 Benchmarking system, on a building by City Hall thnd Emission building basis this EUI performance ranges from 5 percentile performance (City Hall) to 72 Community Volume percentile performance (South Fire Station). When compared against the EPA’s Energy Star EUI Center reference index, the City of Maplewood’s total facility EUI is 171% of the median EUI of 78.8.Emission Volume The GHG emission associated with City of Maplewood buildings and grounds energy use for the Public Works Baseline year of 2015 totaled 3,503.3 Metric Tonnes (7,723,445 pounds) CO2e. Total GHG Emission Volume emissions equal 32.17 pounds CO2e per facility square foot per year. Emissions associated with electricity use were 60.4% while natural gas use emissions equaled 39.6% of the total GHG emissions. When Normalized for Weather, total annual energy consumption for City of Maplewood buildings and grounds is adjusted downward 2% for electricity and upward 10% for natural gas. Volume Visualization The resulting Weather Normalized annual Building and Grounds GHG increases 1.8% to a total The graphic above illustrates the annual emissions associated with building operations of 3,566.7 Metric Tonnes. for City owned facilities. These emissions represent an average volume of man-made 10 * Sources: energy consumption as reported on B3 Benchmarking, emission factors based on US EPA and Excel Energy,atmosphere equal to a mass over high for each of the 11 buildings included. 287’ Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory How do City Streetlights and Signals contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? As with Buildings and Grounds, the electricity used to supply our street lighting is a source of Opportunities for Reduction Greenhouse Gas. The emissions factor associated with electricity use varies based on the raw According to a 2012 Minnesota Department of Commerce study, switching from HPS to fuel sources used by the electrical utilities suppling the local electrical grid – utility providers who LED luminaires typically produces 40% to 60% savings in electricity consumption if the source more of their power through renewable energy sources, have commensurately lower system is properly designed. In addition, wireless control and monitoring systems can GHG emission factors. allow the city to implement dimming strategies that may reduce street lighting energy consumption by another 10-20%. According to a 2011 study by the Lighting Research Center, on average, municipal lighting uses 4 kwh per mile of street light coverage. Assuming an average of 4,300 hours of operation annually, that represents 17,520 kwh of energy use and a GHG emission of 12.37 Metric Tonnes By converting from HPS to LED street lighting fixtures, energy consumption associated with (12,271 pounds) of CO2e annually per mile of street lighting. street lighting should be reduced by 180,000 to 270,000 kwh annually. This reduction in energy consumption would mean a reduction of 127 to 190 Metric Tonnes of CO2e Summary of Findings* annually. For the City Operations Baseline year of 2015, the Xcel Energy reports a total electrical use of 571,872 kwh for City of Maplewood owned streetlights and signals. The GHG emission associated with City of Maplewood Streetlight energy use for the Baseline year of 2015 totaled 403.62 Metric Tonnes (889,828 pounds) CO2e. * Sources: City of Maplewood and Elk River Municipal Utilities data, emission factors based on US EPA and Xcel Energy, City Operations Streetlights and Signals Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 7.66% City Operations 403.62 7,919, Total Cubic Feet of Metric Tonnes Man-Made Atmosphere Operations of City of Maplewood streetlights and signals produces a volume of greenhouse gas equal to: Cubic Feet of man-made Atmosphere annually For every family in Maplewood 11 (Figure to scale) 522 Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Opportunities for Reduction Recommendations from Greenstep Cities offer a range of best practice concepts which can greatly reduce municipal fleet fuel consumption when implemented and reviewed regularly for continued advancement. Best practices which the City of Maplewood may How do City Vehicles contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? be able to leverage for continued fuel efficiency include: Fossil Fuels used in transportation produce GHG when burned, primarily CO2. In fact, the Efficiently use existing fleet of city vehicles by encouraging trip bundling, video weight of CO2 produced actually exceeds the weight of the fuel burned. The amount of GHG conferencing, carpooling, vehicle sharing and incentives/technology. produced by common vehicle fuels ranges from 19.4 pounds per gallon for gasoline to 22.5 pounds for diesel. No-Idling practices and policies Vehicle replacement plan to migrate to electric and hybrid vehicles. Nationally, Americans drive over 3 trillion miles annually, producing 1.2 billion Metric Tonnes of Optimize street maintenance and snow plowing routes for highest fuel economy. vehicle related GHG emissions.* Explore Efficiency Programs focused on diesel engine retrofits, installation of *For more information:http://www.bluedotregister.org/carbon-copy/2014/12/11/a-mountain-of-an-impact-the-carbon-footprint-of- auxiliary power units american-roads Conduct a Sidewalk and Trails study to identify opportunities to encourage and increase biking and walking as transit options both for city employees as well as the public. According to the US EPA: How can GHG emissions weigh more The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is than the fuel we burn produced from burning a fuel weighs more than the amount of the fuel itself, because during complete combustion, each carbon City Operations atom in the fuel combines with two oxygen atoms in the air to make CO2. The addition City Vehicles of two oxygen atoms to each carbon atom Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: forms CO2, which has an atomic weight of 44—roughly 3.6667 times the atomic weight 17,651,067 899.60 17.08% of the carbon, which is 12. Cubic Feet of Metric Tonnes City Operations Man-Made Total Atmosphere Summary of Findings* Operations of City of Maplewood vehicles The City of Maplewood owns and operates vehicles as a critical support to functions in Police, generates a volume of greenhouse gas per Fire, Public Works, Parks, and City Administration functions. During the 2015 Baseline year, the municipal road mile equal to City’s vehicle fleet used 45,064 gallons of gasoline and 94,135 gallons of diesel fuel. The emissions volume associated with the fleet’s fuel consumption totaled 899.6 Metric Tonnes 185,801 (1,983,276 pounds) CO2e, approximately 0.54% of community wide vehicle emissions.** Cubic feet. * Sources: City of Maplewood data, emission factors based on US EPA and EIA. **Based on Regional Indicators Initiative data. Municipal streets within the City of Maplewood total 95 12 Road Miles Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory Opportunities for Reduction How does City Employee Transportation contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Business Travel Optimization by encouraging trip bundling, video conferencing, The City’s operational travel and transport emissions come from three primary sources: carpooling, vehicle sharing and incentives/technology. employee commute to and from work, auto-oriented business travel within region, and business air travel regionally/nationally. Explore Partnership with Nice Ride Minnesota for installation of bike sharing locations convenient to city staff as well as community members as strategy to increase commute As with the City Vehicle sector of City Operations GHG emissions, employee travel to and from via public transit and bike. work and required business travel regionally and out of state require fossil fuel use. The amount of GHG produced by common transportation fuels ranges from 19.4 pounds per gallon for Implement Public Transit Commuter Campaign by building awareness through gasoline to 21.5 pounds for jet fuel and 22.5 pounds for diesel. communicating public transit routes, establish carpool groups, and communicate reimbursement potentials available under December 2015 US Consolidated Appropriations Act (HR 2029) Employee Green-Commuter Incentives Explore incentives for employee green-commiters such as buss passes, insurance premium reductions for walking/biking to work, etc. City Operations Travel - Car CommuteTravel - Air Employee Transportation 44,822 Miles 1,004,850 Miles 43,915 Miles Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 17.75 Metric Tonnes 381 Metric Tonnes 12.03 Metric Tonnes 8,051,359 410.34 7.79% Cubic Feet of Metric Tonnes City Operations Man-Made Total Atmosphere Summary of Findings* According to the City’s 2015 employee commuter survey, the average round-trip employee Emissions associated with employee commute commute distance is 24.36 compared with the estimated community-wide average of 38 miles. And business travel total City employee work commutes are primarily in single occupant vehicle (97.28%), while 1% occurs in carpools, and 1.72% via biking or walking. Total annual vehicle miles traveled for City employee commute is calculated at 977,518 miles for single occupant and 10,049 miles for carpooling. Total City employee commuter emissions for the 2015 Baseline year equal 381 Metric Tonnes (839,960 pounds) CO2e. 48,796 Cubic Feet of man-made Business travel through the Baseline 2015 year totaled 45,822 miles for road transportation and atmosphere per City 43,915 miles for air transportation. Total annual emissions associated with this business travel employee(Figure to scale) equal 30 Metric Tonnes (66,138 pounds) CO2e. The 411 Metric Tonnes associated with these three City Operations travel and transportation equal 0.20% of Community Wide travel and transportation emissions.** * Sources: City of Maplewood data, emission factors based on US EPA and EIA. Calculations for car business travel were calculated based on current reimbursement rates. Calculations for air business travel were calculated based on national average cost-per- mile datahttp://airlines.org/data/annual-round-trip-fares-and-fees-domestic/ **Source Regional Indicators Initiative. 13 Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory How do the provision of Water and Wastewater Utilities contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Water and energy use are inextricably linked in modern cities. Energy is required to extract, treat, and distribute water to residences and businesses. Nationally, the United States consumes over 355 billion gallons of water daily, requiring an estimated 500 billion kwh annually to distribute to users. Globally, water treatment and distribution is estimated to contribute 2-3% of total greenhouse gas emissions annually. As with water processing and distribution, Wastewater collection and treatment requires energy inputs. With our current energy grid, those energy inputs are significantly fossil fuel based. In addition to emissions associated with fossil fuel use, wastewater treatment produces significant “Biogenic” emissions associated with the microbial processing of the waste solids. The primary gas emitted during biological nitrogen removal is Nitrous Oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas with a potency roughly 300 times that of CO2. With such potency and an observed increase of atmospheric N2O of over 17%, ongoing studies by the US EPA and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) continue to refine understanding of the origins, impacts, and reduction strategies for wastewater N2O emissions. City Operations For the purposes of GHG calculations for community carbon footprint reporting, these “Biogenic” emissions are considered to be a part of the biological carbon cycle and are not Water and Wastewater currently included in the GHG totals. Protocols may change in the future to include wastewater Biogenic N2O emissions. Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 0.83% 43.73 858,075 Cubic Feet of Metric Tonnes City Operations Man-Made Total Summary of Findings* Atmosphere The City of Maplewood operates neither a wastewater treatment facility, nor a water utility. Within the City, wastewater treatment is provided by the Metropolitan Council, while water is provided by Saint Paul Regional Water Services (SPRWS). The community’s share of both the Daily emissions associated with Maplewood’s Met Council’s wastewater treatment as well as SPRWS’s emissions are included in the auxiliary Waste Water infrastructure total: Community Wide GHG Inventory. The City does, however, operate pump and lift stations to augment water distribution as well as wastewater collection within the boundaries of the City. These 11 stations consume a total of 2,351 61,962 kwh annually, generating a total of 43.72 Metric Tonnes (96,386 Pounds) CO2e Cubic Feet of man-made * Sources: energy consumption as reported by City of Maplewood, emission factors based on US EPA and Excel Energy, atmosphere (Figure to scale) 14 Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory How does City Operations Solid Waste contribute to Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Opportunities for Reduction According to US EPA studies, traditional waste management contributes 1-5% of our collective Based on the March 2016 waste sort of City facilities provided by Waste Wise, 53% of GHG emissions in the United States. The processing and treatment of waste can produce facility waste is compostable, 17% is recyclable, and 4% is reusable. Although this study emissions of several of the greenhouse gases. Even recycling of waste produces some represents a “snapshot” of waste collected over just one week, it offers guidance on greenhouse gas emissions, however, these are usually offset by the reduction in fossil fuel use where efforts within City operations may best focus: that would be required to create a similar amount of product from raw resources. Compostable Waste: Develop a compostable waste collection program for city facilities The most prevalent greenhouse gas produced through municipal solid waste is the methane and implement in conjunction with an educational/awareness campaign to alert facility released during the breakdown of organic matter in landfills. Pound for pound, the cumulative users to the role of composting. Composting program may include traditional compost climate change effect of methane is 25 times more potent than that of carbon dioxide. collection (including compostable paper) as well as compost collection systems capable Additionally, municipal solid waste is frequently combusted, which produces CO2 as well as of handling range of food waste including meat. nitrous oxide (N2O) which is 298 times more potent than CO2 as a greenhouse gas. Paper Use Reduction: Develop policies focused on reduction of office paper use. Tips to consider for inclusion can be found at MPCA. Policies implemented should include office paper use tracking and reporting to employees, encouraging and rewarding continued Nationally, emissions from solid waste landfills improvement. total 301,203,000,000 pounds annually, creating a volume of man-made atmosphere equal to 2.7 Trillion cubic feet. City Operations Solid Waste Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: 0.13% 133,813 6.82 Summary of Findings* Cubic Feet of Metric Tonnes City Operations The volume of the City facilities’ solid waste are not currently measured by the City’s waste Man-Made Total handler. Annual recycling collections per City owned building are reported in Tennis Atmosphere Sanitation’s annual recycling report. Using this data and community wide averages for recycling share of total municipal solid waste handled, the total municipal solid waste (MSW) from City facilities can be estimated. Annual emissions associated with solid waste generated at Maplewood facilities totals: MSW handled from City of Maplewood facilities for Baseline year 2015 totaled 35.61 tons, or 432 pounds of waste annually per City employee (FTE). Using the community wide blended GHG factor for MSW handled, the GHG emissions associated with City of Maplewood facility waste handled totals 6.82 Metric Tonnes (15,036 pounds) CO2e. 811 * Sources: Total waste handled data, and community waste characteristics based on Regional Indicators Initiative and MPCA. Cubic Feet of man-made Blended emission factor per ton MSW handled based on Regional Indicators Initiative. Atmosphere per employee (Figure to scale) 1.9 Cubic Feet per pound of solid 15 waste (Figure to scale) Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory City Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG emissions for the 2015 City Operations Baseline year total 5,267.41 Metric Tonnes (11,612,637 pounds) CO2e, an emission rate of 31.92 Metric Tonnes per employee (FTE), or 48.37 pounds CO2e per City facility per year. The City Operations total GHG emissions represent 1.08% of Maplewood community-wide GHG emissions. City Operation emissions are as follows: City Buildings and Grounds 3,503.30 Metric Tonnes(66.51%) Streetlights and Signals 403.62 Metric Tonnes(7.66%) City Vehicles 899.60 Metric Tonnes(17.08%) Employee Travel and Transportation 410.34 Metric Tonnes(7.79%) Water and Wastewater 43.73 Metric Tonnes(0.83%) Solid Waste 6.82 Metric Tonnes(0.13%) Total: 5,267.41 Metric Tonnes(100%) Solid Waste City Operations * Community Wide total as reported by Regional Indicators Initiative Water and Wastewater Employee Transportation Total Indirect GHG Emissions Not Included Annual Greenhouse Gas equal to: City Vehicles The total GHG emissions captured by this assessment do not do not include indirect emissions Streetlights and Signals associated with city food and product purchases, or with services provided to the City of 5,267.5,267.4141 103,352,455 Buildings and Grounds Maplewood such as professional consulting. On average, indirect full supply chain emissions Metric TonnesMetric Tonnes Cubic Feet of associated with products and services purchased equal 1 pound of CO2e per dollar spent. Man-Made Atmosphere Volume Visualization The graphic above represents the volume of man-made GHG atmosphere produced annually by the City of Maplewood operations, broken down by category, shown in 16 scale with Maplewood Community Center. Apendix Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory City of Maplewood Buildings and Grounds Detail City Operations Carbon Baseline Buildings and Grounds Average EUI (actual)240,06832,228,854 Facility2015 Baseline% Total GHG Emissions Electricity Use Electricity Emissions (actual) Base Accounts (actual)KWH Factor (Metric Tonnes per KWH)*0.000705791 City Hall / Police Station800,677.65 23.24% Base Accounts (Metric Tonnes)2,431.69 100.00% Fire Station 2114,865.88 3.33% New Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00 0.00% Fire Staiton 752,410.76 1.52% Subtotal Electric GHG Emissions2,431.69 Metric Tonnes McKnight Station93,529.41 2.71% Community Center2,008,151.88 58.29% Natural Gas Emissions (actual) Nature Center19,535.72 0.57% Factor (Metric Tonnes per Therm) 0.005302 Parks and Recreation46,945.88 1.36% Base Accounts (Metric Tonnes)1,071.61 100.00% 8.98% Public Works309,219.00 New Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00 0.00% Subtotal Base Accounts3,445,336.19 100.00% Subtotal Gas GHG Emissions1,071.61 Metric Tonnes New Accounts (actual) Total GHG Emissions (actual)3,503.30 Metric Tonnes Subtotal New Accounts0.00 0.00% Total GHG Emissions (actual) per Facility Square Foot32.17 pounds 1 High Total Electrical Use (actual)3,445,336.19 100.00%Level of Confidence: Natural Gas Use Weather Normalized Totals*** Base Accounts (actual)Therms Normalization Factors City Hall / Police Station47,283.59 23.39% 112.68% HDD Normalizaiton Factor Fire Station 25,546.06 2.74% 92.55% CDD Normalization Factor Fire Staiton 76,204.24 3.07% Normalized Energy Use McKnight Station8,897.12 4.40% 3,381,166.80 Weather Normalized Total Electrical Use Community Center90,059.80 44.56% 222,616.93 Weather Normalized Total Gas Use Nature Center1,340.58 0.66% Normalized GHG Emissions Parks and Recreation6,110.82 3.02% 2,386.40 Metric Tonnes Weather Normalized Electrical GHG Public Works36,672.24 18.14% 1,180.31 Metric Tonnes Weather Normalized Gas GHG Subtotal Base Accounts202,114.44 100.00% New Accounts (actual) 3,566.71 Metric Tonns Total GHG Emissions (Normalized) 1 High Level of Confidence: Subtotal New Accounts0.00 0.00% * Electicity factor based on grid specific data provided by EPA https://www.epa.gov/energy/power-profiler Total Natural Gas Use (actual)202,114.44 100.00% ** Natural Gas factor based on EPA data https://www.epa.gov/energy/ghg-equivalencies-calculator- calculations-and-references Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Base Accounts (actual)Building Area (sF)Total KBTUEUI *** Weather Normalized totals adjust energy use and GHG levels based on adjustments of Year against the City Hall / Police Station47,4807,590,995.51159.88 region's 30 year average as determined through Heating (HDD) and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) for year as Fire Station 210,403946,528.2790.99 reported by NOAA http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climate-information. Factor is applied to 80% natural gas Fire Staiton 75,818799,249.06137.38 consumption and to 25% electricity consumption (typical heating and air conditioning shares) McKnight Station17,6731,208,834.1268.40 1 High confidence level based on high quality energy metering and tracking at all facilities, emission factor Community Center86,14415,988,992.11185.61 rates from utility companies, EPA and DOE coincide, and normalization HDD and CDD calculations based on Nature Center3,030200,714.3166.24 NOAA records. Parks and Recreation10,770771,261.7071.61 Public Works58,7504,722,278.7680.38 Total for Base Accounts240,06832,228,853.85134.25 New Accounts (actual) Total for New Accounts00.000.00 Average EUI (actual)240,06832,228,854134.25 Apendix Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory City of Maplewood Streetlights and Signals Detail City of Maplewood City Vehicles Detail City Operations Carbon Baseline City Operations Carbon Baseline Streetlights and Signals City Vehicles 2015 Baseline% Total Department2015 Baseline% Total Electricity Use Gallons Gasoline Use Base Accounts (actual)KWH Public Works137.00 0.30% All Base Accounts571,872 100.00% Fire Department1,831.00 4.06% New Accounts (actual) Police43,096.00 95.63% Subtotal Gasoline45,064.00 100.00% Subtotal New Accounts0.00 0.00% Gallons Diesel Use Total Electrical Use (actual)571,872.00 100.00% Public Works33,743.00 68.76% Fire Department15,328.00 31.24% GHG Emissions Police0.00 0.00% Electricity Emissions (actual) Subtotal Diesel49,071.00 100.00% Factor (Metric Tonnes per KWH)*0.000705791 Base Accounts (Metric Tonnes)403.62 100.00% Total Fuel Used94,135.00 Gallons New Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00 0.00% GHG Emissions Metric Tonns 403.62 Gasoline Emissions Total GHG Emissions 1 Good Factor (Metric Tonnes per Gallon)*0.008908565 metric tonnes Level of Confidence: Subtotal Electric GHG Emissions401.46 Metric Tonnes * Electicity factor based on grid specific data provided by EPA Diesel Emissions https://www.epa.gov/energy/power-profiler Factor (Metric Tonnes per Gallon)*0.010151409 metric tonnes 1 Good confidence level based on high quality energy metering report for one month Subtotal Electric GHG Emissions498.14 Metric Tonnes period. Full annual use projected. Improved confidence can be attained through full annual energy use data tracking. Emission factor rates from utility companies, EPA and Metric Tonns 899.60 DOE coincide. Total GHG Emissions 1 High Level of Confidence: * Gasoline and Diesel emission factors based on EPA data: http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html#tbl2 1 High confidence level based on high quality fuel use tracking, well established emission factor rates from US EPA. Apendix Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory City of Maplewood Employee Transportation Detail City of Maplewood Water and Wastewater Detail City Operations Carbon Baseline City Operations Carbon Baseline Water and Wastewater Utilities City Employee Transportation 2015 Baseline% Total Department2015 Baseline% Total City Operated Facilities Employee CountTotal Miles Commute Electrical Use Total City Employee Count165 Base Accounts (actual)KWH Average Commute Distance (estimated round trip)*24.36 Miles Treatment FacilityN/A Total City Employee Commute Travel Annual**1,004,850 Passenger Miles Traveled (PMT) 100.00% Lift Stations (11 accounts)61,962 Single Occupant Commute Annual Share**97.28%977,518 PMT New Accounts (actual) Carpool Commute Annual Share **1.00%10,049 PMT Public Transit Commute Annual Share **0.00%0 PMT Subtotal New Accounts0.00 0.00% Walking/Biking Commute Annual Share**1.72%17,283 PMT Total Electrical Use (actual)61,962.00 100.00% Commute GHG EmissionsFactor***Subtotal metric tonnes Single Occupant Commute Emission per PMT0.000387379 Natural Gas Use Carpool Occupant Commute Emission per PMT0.0001942 metric tonnes Base Accounts (actual)Therms Public Transit Commute Emission per PMT0.0001070 metric tonnes Treatment FacilityN/A Walking/Biking Commute Emission per PMT0.0000000 metric tonnes Lift Stations (11 accounts)0 0.00% New Accounts (actual) Total Commute GHG Emissions381 Subtotal New Accounts0.00 0.00% Business Travel Total Natural Gas Use (actual)0.00 0.00% City Business Travel - Car45,822 Miles Miles City Business Travel - Air***43,915 GHG Emissions Electricity Emissions (actual) Business Travel GHG EmissionsFactor***Subtotal Factor (Metric Tonnes per KWH)*0.000705791 Car Travel Emission per PMT0.00038717.75 metric tonnes Base Accounts (Metric Tonnes)43.73 100.00% Air Travel Emission per PMT0.00027412.03 metric tonnes #DIV/0! New Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00 Subtotal Electric GHG Emissions43.73 Metric Tonnes Total Business Travel GHG Emissions30 Natural Gas Emissions (actual) Metric Tonns 410.34 Total GHG Emissions 1 Factor (Metric Tonnes per Therm)0.005302 Moderate Level of Confidence: Base Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00#DIV/0! New Accounts (Metric Tonnes)0.00#DIV/0! * Round trip commute distance is based on US Census Bueraue Maplewood average commute time and peak Metric Tonnes Subtotal Gas GHG Emissions0.00 commuter speed data by Inrix http://inrix.com/worst-corridors/ Metric Tonns 43.73 Total GHG Emissions** 1 **Commuter statistics based on 2015 City of Maplewood employee commute survey with 38% of staff responding. High Level of Confidence: Survey indicated 98.28% of respondants driving, with 5.17% indicating carpooling "on occasion". For purposes of calculations, we have reduced sole-occupant car by 1% to account for occasional car pooling response. * Electicity factor based on grid specific data provided by EPA *** Emission factors based on: Single occupant and Carpool - US EPA; Public Transit and Air travel based on EPA https://www.epa.gov/energy/power-profiler http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P1001177.PDF?Dockey=P1001177.PDF ** Emissions do not include water/sanitary utility use at city owned facilities provided by non-city owned/operated utilities. 1 Moderate confidence level based on lack of detailed auto and air travel mileage tracking requiring estimation based 1 High confidence level based on quality energy use metering provided by City and well on high quality financial records to establish miles traveled. Emission rates are high level of confidence. established emission factor rates from US EPA. Apendix Maplewood GHG Baseline Inventory City of Maplewood Solid Waste Detail City Operations Carbon Baseline Solid Waste 2015 Baseline Building Area (sF)Total Recyc (lbs)lbs/sf/yr Annual City Facility Recycling Quantities (actual)* City Hall / Police Station47,48087600.18 Fire Station 210,40332420.31 Fire Staiton 75,81811480.20 McKnight Station17,6736010.03 Community Center86,14443300.05 Nature Center3,0301,158.000.38 Parks and Recreation10,77083500.78 Public Works58,75087340.15 Total Recycling240,06836,3230.15 Building Area (sF)Total MSW (tons)lbs/sf/yr Annual City Facility MSW Quantity (estimated)** City Hall / Police Station47,4808.590.36 Fire Station 210,4033.180.61 Fire Staiton 75,8181.130.39 McKnight Station17,6730.590.07 Community Center86,1444.250.10 Nature Center3,0301.140.75 Parks and Recreation10,7708.191.52 Public Works58,7508.560.29 Total Trash240,06835.610.30 Total Trash per FTE432 lbs per year GHG Emissions metric tonnes Factor (Metric Tonnes per US Ton waste)***0.19151 Solid Waste GHG Annually6.82 metric tonnes Solid Waste GHG per FTE per Day0.36 lbs/fte/work day Metric Tonns 6.82 Total GHG Emissions 1 Moderate Level of Confidence: * Based on data from Tennis 2015 annual recycling report ** Waste total calculated based on 51% recycling content total for community wide MSW handled according to data provided in Regional Indicators Initiative *** Emission per Regional Indicators Intiative, blended rate of 0.368 metric tonnes GHG per US ton fossil waste Refuse Derived Fuel incineration and 0.448 metric tonnes GHG per US ton landfil waste 1 Moderate confidence level based on lack MSW quantity tracking (commonly not available). Estimations based on quality total community waste characteristics and quality waste sort efforts by City of Maplewood. Report Prepared by 2515 White Bear Avenue, A8 Suite 177 Maplewood, MN 55109 612-669-7056 www.bluedotregister.org Agenda Item 6.a. MEMORANDUM TO: Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM:Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE: July 13, 2016, for the July 18 ENR Commission Meeting SUBJECT:Urban Agriculture – Zoning Review Introduction The Environmental and Natural Resources (ENR) Commission’s 2016 goal is to review the City’s ordinances and make recommendations that will remove barriers and promote urban agriculture uses. There are four aspects of the Commission’s review including: Animal agriculture (keeping of chickens, etc.) Crop agriculture (community gardens, etc.) Direct to consumer sales (farm stands, etc.) City Programming (composting classes, etc.) Background The urban agriculture subcommittee reviewed the City’s existing zoning code to determine where urban agriculture uses are permitted, or could be interpreted to be permitted, and where there are barriers to the use(Attachment 1).During the July meeting the ENR Commission will continue their focus on animal agriculture. In particular, reviewing amendments to the chicken ordinance,regulations for backyard beekeeping, and amendments to the manufacturing zoning district to allow aquaculture and aquaponics uses. Discussion Keeping of Chickens Proposed Changes The City of Maplewood adopted a chicken ordinance on July 11, 2011. The ordinance allows the keeping of up to ten chickens (hens only) on residential property with a permit. During the June Environmental Commission meeting the Commission proposed the following amendments to the chicken ordinance: Remove the 6-foot height requirement for chicken coops and chicken runs. Change neighborhood consent from 100% to 75%. Change permit renewals from one year after the initial permit is issued and every other year thereafter. Require chicken permit inspections during the initial permit process and first renewal, with inspections on an as-needed basis thereafter. Change the number of chickens allowed from 10 to a maximum number based on space requirements, not to exceed 50 chickens(refer to section below for additional information). Number of Chickens Based on the Commission’s recommendation of limiting the number of chickens based on space requirements, staff is proposing the following: Allow up to 10 chickens on residential lots that are 10,000 square feet or less(the average size of lots in Maplewood), with one additional chicken to be permitted for every 5,000 square feet of lot area over 10,000 square feet in area, or a maximum of 50 chickenswhichever is less. In this scenario a majority of Maplewood residential properties would be allowed 10 chickens if they met all of the other ordinance requirements including the 75% neighborhood consent. Larger lots, which are generally found in South Maplewood, would be allowed additional chickens. As an example, a two-acre lot would be allowed 35 chickens as follows: 2 acre lot = 87,120 s.f. 87,120 s.f. lot –10,000 s.f. (10 chickens) = 77,120 s.f. remaining 77,120 s.f. remaining lot area / 5,000 s.f. = 15.424 (15 additional chickens) 10 chickens per 10,000 s.f. + 15 additional chickens for larger lot = 35 total chickens Keeping of Bees Maplewood does not have a backyard beekeeping ordinance orpermit requirements. The City does have a nuisance ordinance that prohibits nuisance insects. This can be interpreted to include nuisances caused by backyard beekeeping. The goal of the urban agriculture zoning review is to remove barriers and promote urban agriculture. For this reason, staff does not recommend over-regulating or requiring permits for the keeping of bees, but does find that some regulations are warranted.Nuisances can be alleviated by limited regulations. Additionally, beekeeping language in the City code will help promote the use.Staff is proposing the following language to address these issues: Definitions: Bee –any stage of the common domestic honeybee, apis melilifera species. Beekeeping –keeping of bees in ahive. Hive –a structure intended for the housing of a bee colony. Zoning Districts: Beekeeping is permitted outright (in all zoning districts) as an accessory use. Hive Location: No hive shall be located closer than 5 feet from any property line. No hive shall belocated closer than 10 feet from a public sidewalk or 25 feet from a principal building on an adjoining lot. No hive shall be located on a rooftop unless inspected and permitted by the building department. 2 General Regulations: Aconstant supply of water shall be provided for all hives. Care must be taken so as not to cause a public nuisance. AquacultureandAquaponics Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. It involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater aquatic populations under controlled conditions for the production and sale of fish. Aquaponicsis a closed-loop systembetween plants and fish. It involves cultivating fish and plants in a symbiotic environment for the production and sale of fish and produce. Maplewood’s zoning code does include a definition for these uses and does not specify where they would be permitted.However, in residential districtsthe home occupation ordinance could allow asmall scale residential aquaculture or aquaponics operation with apermit. Home occupation permits require a public hearing with the Planning Commission and final approval by the City Council. Nuisancesassociated with the small scale residential aquaculture and aquaponics use would be addressed at that time. The manufacturing zoning districts specifically prohibit the assembly orprocessing of fish, which can be interpreted to mean that aquaculture or aquaponics uses are prohibited.To promote the uses within manufacturing zoning districts, staff recommends the following amendments: Definitions: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. It involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater aquatic populations under controlled conditions for the production and sale of fish. A quaponics is a c losed-loop systembetween plants and fish. It involves cultivating fish and plants in a symbiotic environment for the production and sale of fish and produce. Zoning District: Light and Heavy Manufacturing Districts: o Permitted uses allows manufacturing, assembly or processing of food products, except meat, poultry,or fish(excluding the assembly or processing of fish associated with aquaponics or aquaculture operations). Summary Once the animal agriculture amendments are finalized above, the Commission can move forward with the other sections of review including crop agriculture (community gardens, etc.) anddirect to consumer sales (farm stands, etc.) 3 Recommendation The Environmental and Natural Resources Commission should review the report and offer comment and feedback on moving forward with the animal agriculture section of the urban agriculture zoning review. Attachment 1.Urban Agriculture Zoning Review Study 4 Attachment 1 City of Maplewood Urban Agriculture – Zoning Review Update June 16, 2016 The Environmental and Natural Resources (ENR) Commission’s 2016 goal is to review the City’s ordinances and make recommendations that will remove barriers and promote urban agriculture uses. There are four aspects of the Commission’s review including: Animal agriculture (keeping of chickens, etc.) Crop agriculture (community gardens, etc.) Direct to consumer sales (farm stands, etc.) City Programming (composting classes, etc.) Review of Existing Codes The urban agriculture subcommittee reviewed the City’s existing zoning code to determine where urban agriculture uses are permitted, or could be interpretedto be permitted, and where there are barriers to the use.For animal agriculture uses the following ordinances apply: Residential Farm District (Sections 44-71 and 44-72): It is estimated there are 200 residential lots that are zoned Farm District. The Farm District zoning is a remnant district from the City’s agricultural era. As large lots were subdivided into smaller lot residential developments, Farm zoned land had been rezoned to Single Family Residential District (R-1).Livestock raising and handling are allowed in the Farm District with a conditional use permit. Livestock is defined as “horses, cattle, mules, asses, goats, sheep, swine, buffalo, llamas, ostriches, reptiles, genetic hybrids of the foregoing, and other living animals usually kept for agriculture husbandry, or the production of edible or salable byproducts.” Single and Double Dwelling Residential Districts Including R-1, R-1(R), R-E, R-1S, R-2 (Sections 44-101,44-117,44-152,44-192,44-241): o Permitted Uses Single family homesand accessory uses. Bees - Keeping of Certain Animals (Section 10-32):No person shall keep, maintain, or harbor within the city any animal kept in such numbers or in such a way as to constitute a likelihood of harm to the public, which constitutes a public nuisance. Definition of animal includes “insect.” Interpretation – bees are allowed as long as they don’t become a nuisance. o Prohibited Uses Raising or handling of livestock and poultry(except chickens as outlined in Article IX). o Home Occupations (Division 2)with a permit approved by the City Council if any of the following circumstances would occur more than 30 days each year. 1 Employment of a nonresident. Customers or customers’ vehicles on the premises. Home Occupations must not: Have more than one vehicle associated with the home occupation which is classified as a light commercial vehicle. Not generate traffic in greater volumes than would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood. Have more than one non-resident employee workingon the premises. Have vehiclesassociated with the home occupation parked on the street. Section 44-101includes permitted uses in residential zoning districts and specifies that commercial plant nurseries and greenhouses on a property with a dwelling are allowed with a home occupation license. Interpretation -aquaculture and aquaponicscould be allowed with a home occupation. o Uses Allowed with a Permit Chickens(Article IX): Keeping of up to ten hens with a permit approved by City staff is allowed in residential districts (except R-1S). Maplewood’s chicken ordinance was adopted in 2011 and allows the keeping of up to ten hens on residential property with a permit. A property owner applying for a permit must have consent from 100 percent of their adjacent property owners for the City to issue the permit. The fee for a chicken permit is $75 for the first year, and $50 thereafter. Commercial Light Manufacturing District: o Permitted uses in Section 44-636allows manufacturing, assembly or processing of food products, except meat, poultry or fish. Interpretation –assembly or processing of meat, poultry, or fish is prohibited, which would exclude aquaculture or aquaponics, which refers to fish farming and closed loop systems that create a relationship between plants and food. Heavy Manufacturing District: o Permitted uses in Section 44-676allow manufacturing, assembly or processing of food products, except meat, poultry or fish. Interpretation –assembly or processing of meat, poultry, or fish is prohibited, which would exclude aquaculture or aquaponics, which refers to fish farming and closed loop systems that create a relationship between plants and food. Conditional Use Permits(Article V): The City Council may issue conditional use permits for the following uses in any zoning district where they are not specifically prohibited: “Public and private utilities, public service, or public building uses.”Interpretation –public service or public building uses could include animal agriculture by a public entity in some zoning districts with a conditional use permit. 2