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2015-10-19 ENR Packet
AGENDA CITY OF MAPLEWOOD ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION Monday,October 19, 2015 7 p.m. Council Chambers - Maplewood City Hall 1830 County Road B East 1.Call to Order 2.Roll Call 3.Approval of Agenda 4.Approval of Minutes: September 21, 2015 5.New Business a.Resolution of Appreciation for Deborah Fideldy 6.Unfinished Business a.Urban Agriculture Zoning Review 7.Visitor Presentations 8.Commission Presentations 9.Staff Presentations a.Pollinator Policy Forum October 22 b.Resource Recovery Technologies Tour Wednesday, October 28, 5: to p.m. c.Tree Ordinance Update November 9 City Council Workshop d.Community Solar Garden Collaborative Update e.Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District Master Water Stewar f.Resolution of Appreciation for Joe Ballandby, GreenCorps Member g.Environmental and Natural Resources Commission Position Update h.Nature Center Programs 10.Adjourn Agenda Item 4 MINUTES CITY OF MAPLEWOOD ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION 7:00 p.m., Monday,September 21, 2015 Council Chambers, City Hall 1830 County Road B East 1. CALL TO ORDER A meeting of the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission was called to order at 7:00 p.m.by Chair Trippler. 2. ROLL CALL Absent Deborah Fideldy, Commissioner Mollie Miller, Vice Chair Present Ann Palzer, Commissioner Present Ryan Ries, Commissioner Present Tom Sinn, Commissioner Present Dale Trippler, Chair Present Ginny Yingling, Commissioner Present Staff Present Shann Finwall, Environmental Planner City Council Liaison Present Kathleen Juenemann, City Councilmember 3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA Commissioner Trippler added 9 e. CIP Discussion and asked staff to give an update on the CIP. Commissioner Sinnmoved to approve the agenda as amended. Seconded by CommissionerYingling. Ayes – All The motion passed. 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES CommissionerPalzermoved to approve the July 20,2015, Environmental and Natural Resources Commission Meeting minutes as submitted. Seconded by CommissionerMiller. Ayes – Chairperson Trippler, Commissioner’s Miller, Palzer, & Yingling Abstention – Commissioner Ries The motion passed. September 21, 2015 1 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes 5.NEW BUSINESS a.New Member Orientation i.Environmental Planner, ShannFinwall gave the new member orientation report welcoming the newest member of the ENR Commission, Ryan Ries. Each commission member stated their name, background, what they dofor a living, and how long they have served on the ENR Commission.The commissionmemberswelcomed Commissioner Ries. b.Farm Program at Harvest Park i.Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall introduced the Farm Program at Harvest Park. ii.Ann DeLaVergne,Directorof Our Community Food Projectgave a presentation and answered questions of the commission. iii.Joel Kellum, organic farmer with the MinnesotaFood Association addressed the commission. iv.City Council LiaisonKathleen Juenemann addressed the commission and asked questions of the speakers. The City of Maplewood will be partnering with Our Community Food Project and Minnesota Food Association to create a farm programat Harvest Park. The City would provide 3.5 acres of parkland and access to water. In return,the other partners will continue to work to secure funding to make the project viable.Planning will continue throughout the fall and winter, with neighborhood events and ground preparation beginningspring 2016. The commission membershad questions of the guests. The commission expressed support for the project and offered to assist in the neighborhood outreach and education. c.Urban Agriculture –Zoning Review i.Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall gave the report on Urban Agriculture –Zoning Review and answered questions of the commission. Thecommission discussed how best to move forward with the urban agriculture zoning review. Earlier in the year the commission formed an urban agriculture subcommittee made up of the followingmembers: Mollie Miller, Ginny Yingling and Tom Sinn. Mollie Miller. It was agreed that the subcommittee would meet and work on details of the study, bringing a report back to the full commission for review. 6.UNFINISHED BUSINESS None. 7.VISITOR PRESENTATIONS City Council Liaison, Kathleen Juenemann addressed the commission expressing supportfor the farm program and urban agriculturezoning review. 8.COMMISSION PRESENTATIONS a.2015 Goals 1)Urban Agriculture 2)Environmental Education 3)Stormwater Management The commission gave an update on their 2015 goals. September 21, 2015 2 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes 9.STAFF PRESENTATIONS a.Environmental and Natural Resources Commission Terms Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall, stated that Chairperson Dale Trippler’s term expiresSeptember 30. Ms. Finwall was pleased to announce that Chairperson Trippler submitted his application to renew his term. Ms. Finwall also reported that Commissioner Fideldy has resigned from the commission, leaving one vacancy. b.Organics Tour –Tuesday, October 6, 2015, 9 to 10 a.m. (Specialized Environmental Technologies, Inc. The Mulch Store, Rosemount) Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall, stated she will follow up with the commission via e-mail to determine if this date and time works. c.Community Solar Garden Update Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall gave an update on the Community Solar Garden Collaborative. The Met Council is currently reviewing the proposals and will release those for review by the organizations that submitted a letter of intent soon. d.Energize Maplewood! Update Environmental Planner, Shann Finwall updated the commission on the Energize Maplewood program. An event was held at the Maplewood Community Center on September 15, 2015called Energize Your Business. The event wassponsored by Xcel Energy.There were 25 business owners in attendance. Xcel Energy updated the attendees on energy saving programs and rebates. This event was a positive start to the energize outreach program with businesses. e.Maplewood Nature Center Programs Staff mentioned the upcoming Maplewood Nature Centerprograms.For further information visit www.maplewoodnaturecenter.comor call 651-249-2170. f.CIP This item was added to the agenda but was not discussed at the end of the meeting. 10.ADJOURNMENT Chair Trippler adjourned the meeting at 8:56p.m. September 21, 2015 3 Environmental and Natural Resources Commission MeetingMinutes Agenda Item 5.a. MEMORANDUM TO: Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM: Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE: October 15, 2015for the October 19 ENR Commission Meeting SUBJECT: Resolution of Appreciation for Deborah Fideldy Introduction CommissionerDeborah Fideldyhasresigned from the Environmentaland Natural Resources Commission. Commissioner Fideldyhadbeena member of the Environmentaland Natural ResourcesCommission forone yearandelevenmonths, serving fromNovember 14, 2013 to September 21, 2015. Recommendation Approve the attached Resolution of Appreciation for Commissioner Fideldy for her years of service on the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission. Attachment Resolution of Appreciationfor Deborah Fideldy RESOLUTION OF APPRECIATION WHEREAS, Deborah Fideldyhas been a member of the Maplewood Environmental and Natural Resources Commission for one year and eleven months, serving fromNovember 14, 2013 to September 21, 2015. Ms.Fideldy has served faithfully inthose capacities; and WHEREAS, the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission has appreciated her experience, insights and good judgment; and WHEREAS, Ms.Fideldy has freely given of her time and energy, without compensation, for the betterment ofthe City of Maplewood; and WHEREAS, Ms.Fideldy has shown dedication to her duties and has consistently contributed her leadership and efforts for the benefit of the City. NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED for and on behalf of the City of Maplewood, Minnesota, and its citizens that Deborah Fideldy is hereby extended our gratitude and appreciation for her dedicated service. Passed by the Maplewood City Council on October 26, 2015. ______________________________ Nora Slawik, Mayor Passed by the Maplewood Environmental and Natural ResourcesCommission on October 19, 2015. ______________________________ Dale Trippler, Chairperson Attest: ________________________________ Karen Guilfoile, City Clerk Agenda Item 6.a. MEMORANDUM TO: Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM: Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE: October 14,2015 for the October 19 ENRCommission Meeting SUBJECT: Urban Agriculture – Zoning Review Introduction Urban agriculture is one of the Environmental and Natural Resources (ENR) Commission’s 2015 goals. In particular, the Commission should conduct a study of the City’s ordinances and policies and offer recommendations to the Planning Commission and City Council onrevisions that will remove barriers and promote urban agriculture, while ensuring no negative impacts to surrounding properties. Background What is Urban Agriculture? Urban agriculture is the practice of growing, processing, and distributing fresh food by people living in urban areas. Urban agriculture includes a wide range of activities related to food, including community gardens, farms, farmer’s markets and more. What are the benefits of Urban Agriculture? Followingare some of the benefits of promoting urban agriculture in the City: Food access Health, public safety Community building Education Environment Civic engagement Bridge urban-rural divide Local economic development Guiding Principles for Urban Agriculture Local government policies and regulations play a part in urban agriculture, either slowing or facilitating the production, processing, and distribution of local foods. Plan types include comprehensive plans, sustainability plans, or food system plans. The plan goals should provide access to urban agricultural opportunities and promote urban agriculture through programming and partnerships. Maplewood has adopted policies that promote urban agriculture as follows: 1 1.Comprehensive Plan: The 2030 Maplewood Comprehensive Plan guides future growth and development in an orderly manner, defines the proper functional relationships between different types of land uses, helps to coordinate public and private sector decisions, encourages orderliness and economy in city government, and provides for a sense of community and neighborhood identity. The Sustainability Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan is a tool for action and is intended to change long-standing practices through the creation of goals and implementation strategies. Two urban agriculture goals outlined in the chapter include: a)To promote the local production and consumption of foods and products;and b) To encourage and promotehealthy lifestyles for residents. 2.Master Park Plan:The 2015 Maplewood Parks and Recreation System Master Plan sets the stage for future reinvestment and is a long-term guide for the next twenty years. It offers the vision, building principles, recommendations, strategies, priorities, and tools to help theCity, its citizens, and partner organizations to keep Maplewood’s park and recreation system relevant well into the future. One of the recommendations outlined in the plan is to provide public community gardens as demand warrants, up to one per park service area. Priority should be given on park service areas where other semi-public (operated by a school, church or other organization) gardens do not exist. The recommendation further outlines supporting partnerships to provide additional gardens. For example, allow the use of City land for a neighborhood group to operate and manage a community garden. 3.Minnesota GreenStep Cities: Maplewood has been participating in theMinnesota GreenStep Citiesprogram since December 2010. Minnesota GreenStep Citiesis a challenge, assistance, and recognition programto help cities achieve their sustainability and quality-of-life goals. This free continuous improvement program is based on 28 best practices that are tailored to Minnesota cities, focus on cost savings and energy use reduction, and encourage civic innovation. Best practice 27in the program outlines recommendations for strengthening local food production and accessas follows: a.Incorporate working landscapes (agriculture and forestry)into the city by adopting an ordinance for one or more of the following: 1)An agriculture and forest protection district. 2)A local food production district. 3)Performance standards for minor and major agricultural retail. b.Facilitate creation of home/community gardens, chicken andbee keeping, and incorporation of food growing areas/access in multifamily residential developments. 1)A farmer’s market or co-op buying club. 2)An urban agriculture business or community-supported agriculture (CSA) arrangement between farmers and community members/employees. 3)A community or school garden, orchard, orforest. c.Create, assist with and promote local food production/distribution within the city: 2 1)A farmer’s market or co-op buying club. 2)An urban agriculture business or a community-support agriculture (CSA) arrangement. 3)A community or school garden, orchard or forest. d.Measurably increase institutional buying, and sales through groceries and restaurants. 1)Purchasing of local/organic/humane/equitable foods by schools, hospitals, nursing homes and event centers. 2)Sales of local/organic/humane/equitable food in markets, retail food co- ops, rural grocery stores, urban convenience stores, hotels and restaurants. Discussion Regulatory Barriers The zoning code in many United Statescities were written in the 1950s when there was a move to separate urban and rural areas. Zoning codes govern land use, and generally address definitions of urban agriculture activities, describe where these activities are permitted/prohibited, what activities need special permission or permits, and provide guidelines for making sure urban agriculture uses are compatible with nearby uses, such as residential living. Zoning code rewrites may also establish new zoning categories and districts and establishpermit processes. Code revisions should include: Definitions –Add and/or clarify distinct types Use standards –Allow grow/sell/process uses in zones Site standards –Allow edibles, structures, signage, etc. Approval process –Lower or eliminate requirements While Maplewood’s guiding principles and policies promote urban agriculture, Maplewood’s city code includes regulatory barriers to urban agriculture including missing or silent text that would allow the use, text that is too broad, unclear, or prohibitive. The Environmental and Natural Resources Commission should review the following regulatory considerations: Where is the use/activity allowed? What are the allowances and restrictions? What is the permitting process? What is the monitoring process? Review of Existing Codes Following are sections of City Code where urban agriculture is allowed or could be interpreted for such uses: Residential Farm District(Sections44-71 and 44-72): It is estimated there are 200 residential lots that are zoned Farm District. The Farm District zoning is a remnant district from the City’s 3 agricultural era. As large lots were subdivided into smaller lot residential developments, Farm zoned land had been rezoned to Single Family ResidentialDistrict (R-1). Permitted uses in the Farm District include any use permitted in the R-1zoning district, o plus commercial farming or gardening, commercial greenhouses or nurseries, and stands for the sale of agricultural products. Conditional uses include livestock raising and handling andoperating a landscape o business as an accessory use. Single and Double Dwelling Residential Districts Including R-1, R-1(R), R-E, R-1S, R-2 (Sections 44-101,44-117,44-152,44-192,44-241): Permitted Uses o Single family homesand accessory uses. Bees-Keeping of Certain Animals (Section 10-32):No person shall keep, maintain, or harbor within the city any animal kept in such numbers or in such a way as to constitute a likelihood of harm to the public, which constitutes a public nuisance. Definition of animal includes “insect.”Interpretation –bees are allowed as long as they don’t become a nuisance. Composting (Section 30-23): Home lawn, garden waste, and kitchen food scraps may be composted in small quantities on a residential lotas long as the compost pile does not create a nuisance for neighbors. Compost piles must be placed at least five feet from rear and side property line and shall not be placed in a front yard. Prohibited Uses o Raising or handling of livestock and poultry (except chickens as outlined in Article IX). Commercial plant nurseries, commercial greenhouses, farms or any structure for the sale ordisplay of commercial products, when not on a property with a residential use. Uses Allowed with a Permit o Home Occupations(Division 2)with a permit approved by the City Councilif any of the following circumstances would occur more than 30 days each year. Employment of a nonresident. Customers or customers’ vehicles on the premises. Home Occupations must not: Have more than one vehicle associated with the home occupation which is classified as a light commercial vehicle. Not generate traffic in greater volumes than would normally be expected in a residential neighborhood. Have more than one non-resident employee workingon the premises. Have vehiclesassociated with the home occupation parked on the street. 4 Section 44-101includes permitted uses in residential zoning districts and specifies that commercial plant nurseries and greenhouses on a property with a dwellingare allowed with a home occupation license. Chickens(Article IX): Keeping of up to ten hens with a permit approved by City staff is allowed in residential districts (except R-1S). Commercial 44-426): Conditional uses include “other uses, Neighborhood Commercial Districts(Section where the City Council finds that the use would be compatible with the neighborhood and the intent of this division.”Interpretation –an urban agriculture use could be determined to be compatiblewith the neighborhood. Commercial Office District(Section 44-471): Conditional uses to include “public and quasipublic uses appropriate to the district.”Interpretation –a community garden or other similar urban agriculture use could be determined to be a public or quasipublic use appropriate to the district. Business Commercial: Permitted uses in Section 44-511allow the temporary sales of goods, up to six months o per year, pursuant to licensing and permitting requirements(this ordinance was adopted by the City Council August 2015).Interpretation –temporary sales can include a farmer’s market or the sale of other urban agriculture products. Conditional uses in Section 44-512include any building or outside use, except parking, o that is within 75 feet of a residential building.Interpretation –any outside use could include a wide variety of urban agriculture uses including an urban farm, etc. Shopping Center District: Conditional uses in Section 44-597include exterior storage, display, sale or distribution of goods or materials, but not including a junkyard, salvage automobile, or other wrecking yard. The city may require screening of such uses. Interpretation –sale of goods could include a farmer’s market or the sale of other urban agriculture products. Light ManufacturingDistrict: Permitted uses in Section 44-636allows the temporary sales of goods, up to six months o per year, pursuant to licensing and permitting requirements(this ordinance was adopted by the City Council August 2015); and manufacturing, assembly or processing of food products, except meat, poultry or fish. Interpretation –temporary sales can include a farmer’s market or the sale of other urban agriculture products; processing of food products can include many urban agriculture activities. Conditional uses in Section 44-637include any building or outside use, except parking, o that is within 75 feet of a residential building.Interpretation –an outside use can include many urban agriculture activities. 5 Heavy Manufacturing District:Permitted uses in Section 44-676allow the temporary o sales of goods, up to six months per year, pursuant to licensing and permitting requirements(this ordinance was adopted by the City Council August 2015); and manufacturing, assembly or processing of food products, except meat, poultry or fish. Interpretation –temporary sales can include a farmer’s market or the sale of other urban agriculture products; processing of food products can include many urban agriculture activities. Conditional Use Permits(Article V): The City Councilmay issue conditional use permits for the following uses in any zoning district where they are not specifically prohibited: “Public and private utilities, public service, or public building uses.”Interpretation –public service or public building uses can include many urban agriculture activities. Stationary Sales Location (Section 28-43): No sales of goods, wares or merchandise may be made from a stationary location, stand or vehicle on public rights-of-way without first obtaining a permit therefore.Interpretation –the City cannot allow a neighborhood group, as an example, to use unused right-of-way for a neighborhood garden. Off-Street Parking(Section 44-17): All uses within commercial zoning districts are required to supply off-street parking. Parking size and number is based on the use. All off-street parking spaces must be constructed of hard surface (concrete/bituminous/pervious pavement) with appropriate drainage controls or an alternative parking method of reinforced- turf when certain criteria are met. Interpretation –the construction of hard surface parking spaces is costly and could create a barrier to urban agriculture activities such as a community garden. Guidebook for Reducing Local Regulatory Barriers to Local Foods Attached find aGuidebook for Reducing Local Regulatory Barriers to Local Foods (Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, 2015). The guidebook focuses on the intersection of local foods and municipal zoning. It is written to provide city officials information and sample code language for reducing the barriers to, and/or encouraging some of the most common production and sales activities associated with urban agriculture. Theauthors researched, evaluated, and categorized urban agriculture-related zoning code language from 84 municipalities across the United States. Also included are practice-oriented scientific publications from a variety of sources, such as the United States Departmentof Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and Cooperative Extension publications from severaluniversity Extension services. The guidebook is divided into the following general categories: “Animal” Agriculture •Hydroponics, Aquaculture, and Aquaponics •Bees •Chickens •Goats Crop Agriculture •Community Gardens •Urban Farms •Farming on Vacant Lots •Front-yard Gardening •Season Extenders 6 Compost Urban Agriculture Districts Direct-to-Consumer Sales •CSA Drop-sites •Farm Stands •Farmers’ Markets Food Trucks and Pushcart The ENRCommission should review the guidebook to become familiar with the various urban agriculture issues, research, and example codes. Recommendation The Environmental and Natural Resources Commission should review this memorandum and supporting material and offer direction to the Urban Agriculture subcommittee and staff on next steps in the Urban Agriculture study process. Attachment Guidebook for Reducing Local Regulatory Barriers to Local Foods (Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, 2015) 7 Attachment Municipal Zoning for Local Foods in Iowa: A Guidebook for Reducing Local Regulatory Barriers to Local Foods Table of Contents AUTHORS ............................................................... INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 2 CHAPTER 1 Hydroponics, Aquaculture, and Aquaponics ....................... CHAPTER 2 Bees ........................................................... 12 CHAPTER 3 Chickens ....................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 Goats .......................................................... CHAPTER 5 Crop Agriculture in the Urban Environment ...................... (Front Yard Gardening, Private Gardening on Vacant Lots, Communi Market Gardens, Urban Farms, Season Extenders) CHAPTER 6 Compost ........................................................ CHAPTER 7 Crop Agriculture in the Urban Environment ...................... CHAPTER 8 Direct-to-Consumer Sales ....................................... CHAPTER 9 Food Trucks and Pushcarts ......................................87 REFERENCES ..................................................... AuthorsPrincipal Investigator , Andrea VaageGary Taylor J.D., AICP Graduate Extension AssistantAssociate Professor & Extension Specialist Community and Regional PlanningCommunity & Regional Planning Graduate Program Sustainable AgricultureIowa State University 286 College of Design Ames, IA 50011 gtaylor@iastate.edu 515.290.0214 Matthew 25 Urban Farm; Cedar Rapids, IA. Photo courtesy of Neo M 1 Introduction Background: Urban Agriculture and Municipal Zoning years by a heightened interest of consumers in buying local and 2007 direct-to-consumer food marketing grew by 104.7 percent whi by only 47.6 percent. (Diamond and Soto, 2009). According to a r Agriculture, 163,675 farmers sold an estimated $6.1 billion in l there were 8,628 farmers markets operating across the nation, wh the number of markets since 2006 (Low et al, 2015). agriculture movement has advanced, many have recognized the role Land use regulations can intentionally or unintentionally impede system to develop and thrive. For example, zoning ordinances can from raising chickens or bees, making agriculturally-productive planting gardens in the front yards of their homes, or selling p retail establishments. Zoning has effectively excluded agricultu and, except for the backyard vegetable garden, has divorced agri neighborhoods. The reasons for these regulations vary. Many restrictive zoning raising farm animals within city limits, for example, date back associated with piggeries in urban areas. In other jurisdicti the unintentional victims of neighborhood uniformity and aesthet problem is a conscious policy choice to exclude agricultural act choices often are based on misunderstandings of the nature of th landowners. politics favor more urban agriculture, not less. Municipalities adopting zoning regulations that promote urban agriculture pract designed to balance the competing interests in uses of land, the urban agriculture while minimizing health, safety, and nuisance 2 About This Guidebook This guidebook focuses on the intersection of local foods and mu some of the most common production and sales activities associat context, it is divided into the following general categories: Animal Agriculture o Hydroponics, Aquaculture, and Aquaponics o Bees o Chickens o Goats Crop Agriculture o Community Gardens o Urban Farms o Farming on Vacant Lots o Front-yard Gardening o Season Extenders Compost Urban Agriculture Districts Direct-to-Consumer Sales o CSA Drop-sites o Farm Stands Food Trucks and Pushcarts To prepare this guidebook the authors researched, evaluated, and zoning code language from 84 municipalities across the United St of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and Coopera university Extension services. This was done to ensure that the guidebook address real, potential impacts of the agricultural ac based on unsubstantiated concerns. The zoning code provisions ch therefore, represent the breadth of regulatory approaches taken agricultural science and production best practices. Each chapter contains the following four sections: The provides a general description of the activity, and the science Introduction information on standards and best practices associated with th The section discusses the public health, safety and welfare concern Land-Use Concerns commonly associated with the activity. For example, noise and parking, signage, and lighting are also discussed in relation sales and distribution. The Existing Regulations codes. Depending on the activity, these may include the zoning commonly allowed, the types of operating standards and restric place, and the accessory or incidental activities generally al Finally, each chapter contains language. These samples come from Sample Code regulatory approaches found across the nation. Code language i subcategories when appropriate. 3 The Iowa Context for Zoning This is a guidebook written for Iowa municipalities. As such, a of zoning, and in particular the origin of zoning in Iowa is nec limitations to the sample code provisions from cities in other s The most fundamental purpose of zoning is to separate incompatib and procedures of zoning were established by the Standard State SSZEA was eventually adopted by all 50 states. (Meck, 1996). In version of the SSZEA, applicable to Iowa cities, which today exi Iowa Code. As was the case with most other states, the version enacted by t original model act and exists largely in its original form today Under local ordinances adopted consistent with the authority lai community into districts and assigns compatible land uses to tho separating incompatible land uses from each other. The number an community to community, but traditional zoning regulations have take place in each district are subject to a common set of stand and the number and type of accessory structures. Each district (without special conditions) and those that are allowed only upo use permit (a.k.a. a conditional use permit or special exception the various types of permits necessary to initiate land use acti While the basic structure and processes of zoning are consistent because of the nationwide adoption of the SSZEA, inconsistency i from state-to-state, differing grants of municipal authority by rule powers), idiosyncratic local practices, and other factors m code provisions from cities in other states. A number of unusua zoning commission or elected body. The Iowa Supreme Court has r Iowa has largely limited the role of the planning and zoning com one of an advisory body: conducting reviews and making recomme rezoning requests and other amendments to the zoning ordinance a In preparing this guidebook every effort has been made to exclud counsel before adopting any code provisions found herein, to ens are applicable and appropriate for your particular situation. This guidebook is not intended as a substitute for legal advice. 4 Hydroponics, Aquaculture, and Aquaponics Introduction Hydroponics is a system for growing plants without soil. The pla with more intricate forms of hydroponics, grown in a non-soil me even Styrofoam. Water and nutrients are thus delivered directly several advantages: Soil-borne pests and diseases are not prese space. As an indoor system (an advantageous approach in Iowa, g can be grown year-round, and optimal growing conditions (light, than they can expect from traditional soil-based systems. System Design Hydroponic systems can be created using a variety of materials a suspended in a water system or supported with aggregate material holding tank. Aeroponics uses a spray to mist the plant roots. T A-frame typically constructed of Styrofoam. The aeration method oxygen to the roots of plants. The plants are suspended above a inert material such as gravel to support the plants. Aggregate systems use inert materials to support the plants and amount of time or continuously trickle fed to the roots (Sorense Figure 1-1. Iowa State University Aquaponic System; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Allen Pattillo, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Specialist 5 controlled environment. Aquaculture can be carried on in an outd or the ocean. For urban agriculture purposes, commercial aquacu large greenhouse-like buildings or warehouses. Non-commercial a carried on in accessory buildings or even in the home. Aquaponics is the hybrid between traditional forms of aquacultur fertilize hydroponic beds. The plants in the hydroponic system t leafy greens and herbs. materials like gravel and sand, to remove additional ammonia and All three systems (hydroponics, aquaculture and aquaponics) can from large-scale commercial farming to small-scale non-commercia structures. They can even be scaled down for in-home growing, g Management Concerns Aquaculture and their ability to thrive in crowded and low water quality con the natural environment (Morris). require temperatures over 80° F to thrive and may perish below 5 system is therefore required to raise tilapia effectively in Iow Aquaponics The management approach for aquaponics is similar to that of aqu scale system because it uses about 1% of the water used by tradi excrement is a rich source of nitrogen. In a typical aquatic eco bodies of water, however, in closed aquaponic systems ammonia le Aquaponics). The plants in the system require nitrogen to grow, nitrite and then to nitrate, which is least toxic and best for p 6 Land-Use Concerns Most hydroponic, aquaculture and aquaponic systems only cause co propagation (aquaculture and aquaponics) have the potential for but except for large commercial systems the likelihood of the od the property are small. Existing Regulations Survey Many people do not associate large-scale commercial hydroponic, with the urban environment; however, cities such as Evanston, Il Boston and many others have provisions in their local zoning cod activities, most often in industrial, manufacturing, and certain provision(s) in the code. Many of the codes surveyed regulate c aquaponics by making the same restrictions applicable to all thr Non-commercial, home aquaponic or aquaculture systems are usuall Iowa Code Chapter 481A requires anyone who, for commercial purpo or plants for food, bait, or for stocking in waters of the state the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Figure 1-2. Iowa State University Aquaponic System; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Allen Pattillo, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Specialist 7 Code Language Hydroponics A method of growing plants using a mineral-nutrienSomerville, MA 12.B). Aquaculture The active cultivation (maintenance or production) organisms (plants and animals) under controlled conditions. (EPA Evanston, IL §56-O-14). are distributed to retailers, restaurants and consumers. (Boston, MA §89-11). and consumers. (Boston, MA §89-11). General Restrictions (Commercial Operations) Boston, Massachusetts 1. Aquaculture and Aquaponics. (a) Aquaculture and Aquaponics Facilities as a Primary Use. i. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities as a primary use are al and Subdistricts, as well as in the following Commercial Dist WC -Waterfront Commercial ii. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities as a primary use are c Large-scale Commercial (Exception: WC), and Small-scale Comme Subdistricts. iii. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities as a primary use are Districts and Subdistricts. (b) Aquaculture and Aquaponics Facilities Up To 750 Square Feet. i. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities up to 750 square feet a and Subdistricts with the following exceptions: a. Freight Containers of any size are Conditional in Small-Scale Districts and Subdistricts. b. Freight Containers of any size are Forbidden in Residential D Subdistricts. (c) Aquaculture and Aquaponics Facilities Greater Than 750 Squar i. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities greater than 750 square Industrial, Institutional, and Large-scale Commercial Distric ii. Aquaculture and Aquaponics facilities greater than 750 squar Small scale Commercial and Residential Districts and Subdistr exception: a. Freight Containers of any size are Forbidden in Residential D Subdistricts. (Boston, MA §89-11). 8 Figure 1-3. Iowa State University Aquaponic System; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Allen Pattillo, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Specialist Minneapolis, Minnesota . Aquaponics, aquaculture or hydroponics shall be allowed Aquaponics, aquaculture or hydroponics accessory to an urban farm or accessory to indoor market gardens zoning district, subject to the following: The operator shall maintain any required licensure through the D and the Department of Agriculture. The tanks shall not be connected to the sewer system. (Minneapolis, MN §537.110). Iowa Code Chapter 481A means the controlled propagation, growth, and harvest of aquati Aquaculture plants, by an aquaculturist. means all private waters for aquaculture with or without buildin Aquaculture unit of propagating, raising, holding, or harvesting aquatic organism means an individual involved in producing, transporting, or mar Aquaculturist from private waters for commercial purposes. 9 481A.141 AQUACULTURE -- LICENSE REQUIRED. 1. A person shall not engage in the business of aquaculture unt been issued an aquaculture unit license from the department. Th January 1, or the date of the application, through December 31. an aquaculture unit on private or nonmeandered lakes and streams 481A.78 shall not be used for aquaculture purposes. 2. The following persons must obtain an aquaculture unit licens a. A person who, for commercial purposes, rears or mai or for stocking in waters of the state. human consumption or bait purposes, but maintained in closed sys or hobbyists are exempt from license requirements. 481A.142 LICENSED AQUACULTURE UNITS -- ACTIVITIES ALLOWED. A holder of an aquaculture unit license may: 1. Possess, propagate, buy, sell, deal in, and transport the aq stock legally acquired, including minnows. not be received or sold in the state unless the aquaculture from the department. The department shall establish, by ru and shall include a list of approved aquaculture species. 4. Harvest aquatic life on land under control of the aquacultur obtaining any permits for the devices. 5. a. Sell bait, including minnows, frogs, and clams, propagate b. A nonresident aquaculture unit licensee shall be limited state of the nonresident licensee allows residents of 6. Take any gull, tern, or merganser within the bounds of the u itemizes the birds taken during the period covered by the p to methods established by the department. The department s 10 481A.143 LICENSED AQUACULTURE UNITS -- REQUIREMENTS. may refuse to renew a unit license if the annual report is 2. Each licensed aquaculture unit shall secure its breeding sto licensed aquaculturists in the state or from lawful sources not secure stock in any other manner. address of the producer, date of shipment, the species bein of each species being shipped and the name and address of t invoice must be retained by the aquaculture unit or aquacul 4. A licensed aquaculture unit shall comply with all state laws of bait which it handles. The director may revoke the unit subsection or a rule adopted by the department. 5. Minnow and bait boxes and tanks within licensed aquaculture department at all times. 11 Bees Introduction About the Honeybee The honeybee, , can be a valuable addition to the urban landscape. Honeybees a Apis mellifera for approximately 80% of all insect pollination and are critical Association). Actively managed colonies can be important pollina populations are small. They can help to pollinate municipal plan green areas. Bees also provide opportunities for keepers to prod which can be turned into other products. A group of bees is called a colony and consists of 20,000-90,000 function within the colony. The queen is responsible for sexual reproduction and for produci queen lays both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Unfertilized e the size and temperament of the entire colony. The workers are females that build comb, guard the hive, and col for all the work involved in building and maintaining the hive. females are the only bees with the capability to sting. Drones are male bees responsible for fertilizing the queen bee. a short lifespan-they either die upon mating or are forced out o nectar (Collison and Frazier, 2004). Figure2-1. Bees from Central College Organic Garden; Pella, Iowa 12 Behavior Bees do not hibernate during the winter, but rather they will be off the cold. If the colony survives the winter, using this stra active in early spring, usually when the temperature stabilizes Kosut, 2013). As the temperature warms up, so does the activity of the hive. H Living Environment For the aspiring apiarist, it is recommended that a beginner bee later seasons. Each hive can produce 50-110 pounds of surplus ho least an additional 60 pounds for the hive itself to overwinter setting, it is best to have a hive with removable frames, not on to ten times more honey can be produced in these types of hives The typical hive design with removable frames is called a Langst frame hives of varying depths. These hives have several parts th are the foundations on which the comb is built. The brood chambe bees are raised. The hive body holds frames that contain mostly The excess honey is produced in supers. Supers come in different hive body or the keeper may choose to use several shallow supers To keep the queen from laying her eggs anywhere but in the hive queen excluder is placed between the hive body and the supers. T Additional elements to the hive provide protection from the elem should be placed on a stand, which could be bought or constructe materials. The bottom of the hive is protected by a bottom board This device reduces the opening of the hive to prevent large pes an inner cover helps to insulate and the outer cover gives added Another popular hive design is the top-bar hive. These hives hav top of the frame for the bees to build comb. These hives are eas they better mimic how bees create hives in the wild. Harvesting and cutting off the comb, which can then be mashed and strained Land-Use Concerns The primary concern about beekeeping in urban areas is the poten stinging honeybee seems pervasive, yet is mostly unfounded. Hone or very agitated and are notable for their usually very docile c Another concern is the potential for honeybees to swarm to a new environmental conditions that are inhospitable to the bees. Bot preventable with proper caretaking. The best way to keep bees in the insects with a spot that is shady and protected from the win source, preferably on-site, and access to pollinating plants. 13 Existing Regulations Survey Most codes surveyed allow beekeeping as an accessory use on resi to keep hives away from neighboring properties, streets and walk additional setbacks apply when a colony is located near a school barriers and a readily-available water source are also frequentl Some best practices suggested by the New Jersey Department of Ag disturbing the hive, and keeping hives at least 10 feet from the walkways and roads (NJ Dept of Ag.). Code Language Fort Collins, Colorado, Evanston, Illinois Apiary - a place where bee colonies are kept. Bee - any stage of the common domestic honey bee, apis mellifera Colony - a hive and its equipment and appurtenances, including b Hive - a structure intended for the housing of a bee colony. (Fort Collins, CO §4-226-§4-237; Evanston, IL §9-4-19). General Restrictions Beekeeping. Beekeeping is permitted outright [in all zones] as a State Department of Agriculture [ with conditions set forth beloSeattle, WA §23.42.052). Madison, Wisconsin In the Agriculture and Urban Agriculture Districts: Hives may be unless the principal use of the lot is an agricultural use. In the residential districts: Hives may be located only on lotsMadison, WI §28.151). Ann Arbor, Michigan Bees. No person shall keep or possess an apiary containing more the City of Ann Arbor. (Ann Arbor, MI §9:39). Licensing required licenses or registrations before establishing colonies city-managed licensing scheme. The state of Iowa does not have scheme for beekeeping. The code sections set forth below are th beekeeping licensing. 14 Madison, Wisconsin The owner, operator or tenant shall obtain a license [under city notify all residents of the property, and the owner or operator Madison, WI §28.151). Evanston, Illinois Annual Licensing: Beekeepers shall apply for a City beekeeping l City. For bee colonies existing within the City prior to the eff have two (2) weeks from the date this Section goes into effect t the time of application for a City beekeeping license, the appli 1. Submit proof of registration of the colonies with the state o and 2. Be in compliance with the other requirements of this Section; The City beekeeping license shall be renewed each year .(Evanston, IL §9-4-19). Seattle, Washington No more than four hives, each with only one swarm, are allowed o Hives shall not be located within 25 feet of any lot line except grade immediately adjacent to the grade of the lot on which the than 8 feet above the adjacent existing lot grade and behind a s parallel to any lot line within 25 feet of a hive and extending directions. (Seattle, WA §23.42.052). Madison, Wisconsin In the Agriculture and Urban Agriculture Districts: 1. Hives may be located only on lots with residential use unless agricultural use. 2. No more than six (6) hives may be located on a lot unless the agricultural use. In the Residential districts: 1. Hives may be located only on lots with residential use. [Regulations applying in Agriculture, Urban Agriculture, and Res No hive shall exceed twenty (20) cubic feet in volume. No hive shall be located closer than three (3) feet from any pro principal building on an adjoining lot. A constant supply of water shall be provided for all hives. 15 thereof, and it shall be positioned to transect both legs of a t each end point of the part of the property line to be shielded. Madison, WI §28.151). Tuscaloosa, Alabama of any property upon which is any school ground, public park or Honey bee hives shall be kept within ten (10) feet of the rear y rear yard property line. Honey bee hives shall not exceed one hive per one-half acre. from the hive. (Tuscaloosa, AL §4-11). Dayton, Ohio In Residential Districts, the following regulations shall apply: No beehive shall be kept on a zoning lot less than 7,500 square added at the rate of one (1) hive for every additional 5,000 squ No beehive shall be kept closer than ten (10) feet from any lot permitted placement of a dwelling on another lot. No beehive sha corner side setback. No hive shall be placed within thirty (30) front of any beehive shall face away from the property line of t A solid fence or dense living hedge at least six (6) feet in hei property line for any hive within ten (10) feet of the lot line. dense living hedge shall be required along the property line if a porch or balcony at least ten (10) feet above grade, except if ten (10) feet from a property line. An adequate supply of fresh water shall be maintained in a locat all bee colonies on the zoning lot throughout the day to prevent of water on nearby properties. Colonies shall be maintained in movable frame hives with adequat prevent overcrowding and swarming. No Africanized bees may be kept in the City of Dayton. In zoning districts other than residential districts, all regula apply except that the number of beehives shall be limited to one when not adjacent to a residential lot or zoning district. (Dayton, OH §150.420.1). 16 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Agriculture (Limited) With Beekeeping: For property with a minimum of two thousand (2,000) square feet to keep two (2) beehives. For every additional two thousand (2,0 permitted two (2) additional beehives; All structures necessary for and related to the housing of honey setbacks of the underlying zoning district, but shall in all cas property line; Ground mounted beehives shall be located no higher than six (6) Ground mounted beehives shall be permitted in side and rear yard barrier along the property line six (6) feet in height consistin perimeter barriers, consisting of six-foot high barriers on both channel extending twenty (20) feet in each direction beyond eachPittsburgh, PA §911.04.A.2). Fort Collins, Colorado It shall be unlawful to keep more than the following number of c One-quarter (¼) acre or less tract size - two (2) colonies; More than one-quarter (¼) acre but less than one-half (½) acre t More than one-half (½) acre but less than one (1) acre tract siz One (1) acre or larger tract size - eight (8) colonies; and Regardless of tract size, where all hives are situated at least from all property lines of the tract on which the apiary is situ colonies. For each two (2) colonies authorized under colony densities, Sub maintained upon the same tract one (1) nucleus colony in a hive time for management of swarms. Each such nucleus colony shall be authorized colony within sixty (60) days after the date it is acFort Collins, CO §4-226-§4-237). 17 Miscellaneous Evanston, Illinois Colony Densities: There shall be no more than eight (8) apiary two (2) colonies, there may be maintained one nucleus colony in required from time to time for management of swarms. Each such n combined with an authorized colony within thirty (30) days after Fencing, Gates, And Signage: All hives shall be enclosed by fenc signage warning of the presence of a hive. Water: Each beekeeper shall ensure that a convenient source of w bees so that the bees will not congregate at swimming pools, bib other water sources where they may cause human, bird, or domesti maintained so as not to become stagnant. Maintenance: Each beekeeper shall ensure that no been comb or ot robbing are left upon the grounds of the apiary site. Upon their shall promptly be disposed of in a sealed container or placed wi enclosure. Queens: In any instance in which a colony exhibits unusually agg attempting to sting without due provocation, or exhibits an unus shall be the duty of the beekeeper to requeen the colony. Queens gentleness and nonswarming characteristics. (Evanston, IL §9-4-19). 18 Chickens Introduction About Chickens source, but chickens may also provide the owner with a source of fertilizer is high in nitrogen and can create very good compost carbon (Seattle Tilth). Chickens are also useful in the garden b Most backyard keepers raise birds for egg production rather than required. It is a common misconception that a keeper will requir whether fertilized or not. Many different breeds of chicken are suitable for the backyard f depending on its size, temperament, egg production, or any other roughly separated into two major categories based on size. Bant the size of a regular chicken - suitable for an urban environmen Bantam breeds can be dual-purpose, which means they can be produ are: American, Asiatic, English, Mediterranean, Continental, and ornamental aesthetic. (Akers et al, 2002). Figure 3-1. Backyard Chickens; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Andre 19 Behavior Chickens are social creatures and an owner should have several c Management of chickens is relatively simple thanks to their inna a shelter, called a coop, every night. The coop provides a place protection from predators and weather. The birds need to be let in during the night. Hens will lay an egg almost daily, with most birds averaging abo This means that peak production is during the summer, with produ Living Environment Chickens require an enclosure that protects the birds, offers sh them with a place to lay their eggs. Though coop designs differ to perch and lay eggs, and a run or fenced-in area to provide ac Keeping, 2012). The coop should have adjustable ventilation to p and reduced movement during the winter. A natural instinct for chickens is to look for a higher elevatio most predators. Though it may not seem like there are many preda the coop. be placed off the ground and in an area of relative darkness (Wa The coop should have an entrance that is attached to a fenced-in outdoors. Some ordinances allow for chickens to roam free in a b entire yard should be required. Chicken feeders and water containers should be cleaned out often bedding should be replaced and manure hauled out of any area tha be managed in several ways. Composting may be best for areas wit decomposition process. Manure can also be added to the home comp Manure should not be applied directly to plants as the nitrogen plants. In an area with a large yard, a portable coop can be mov yearly basis (Wieland and Nolden). 20 Although chickens will eat insects in the yard and vegetable scr to have the bulk of the diet composed of a balanced feed. Birds exhibit foraging behavior by pecking and scratching. This is use or eat insects and larvae and keep down pest populations. As with any other animal, chickens must be provided with a conti Water levels must be monitored carefully during the summer, when do not sweat, rather they roll around in dust to remove oil and stress the keeper should provide an area of bare earth for chick sometimes added to a dust bathing area to help prevent mite infe 2012). Land-Use Concerns A common initial concern with keeping chickens involves noise le quiet animals. One common misconception is that keeping chickens will still lay eggs, albeit unfertilized ones, without a rooster Odors are another source of concern. Most poultry odor is assoc and poorly ventilated coops. The solution is properly ventilati Another issue is the potential for rodent and pest problems. The eliminated with proper care and maintenance of the coop and othe to develop. To avoid rodent problems the areas immediately surr weeds and grass, and feed should be stored in rodent-proof conta There is some concern about the potential for chickens to transm extremely low, however, with a properly maintained clean environ common concern. Salmonella is generally contracted from undercoo chicken meat, but infection may rarely result from contact with This can be avoided by handwashing with soap after handling any handwashing prevent other rare diseases such as psittacosis and Because poultry and people are not closely related classes there monitor and treat birds for parasites. Existing Regulations Survey Regulations vary in permitting requirements. Many cities requir Health or similar department separate from zoning - in order t example, Portland, Oregon only requires a special animal facili chickens, ducks, or fowl will be kept on a property. Almost all regulations set forth a maximum number of chickens pe to lot square footage. 21 Figure 3-2. Backyard Chickens; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Andre A common stipulation is that the animals and structures must be will prevent those with smaller lots from owning fowl. In contra structures. Most regulations address the need for enclosed coops and fenced- ordinances require that basic sanitary concerns are met (clean f and that the owner takes measures to prevent the activity from b Almost all regulations prohibit roosters. Code Language Newly hatched chickens are called hatchlings. Female chickens ar that have just begun to lay eggs are referred to as pullets. Mal and mature male birds are roosters. General Restrictions Portland, Oregon A person keeping a total of three or fewer chickens, ducks, dove allowing such animals to roam at large, or is not keeping such a free of vermin, obnoxious smells and substances, then the person permit to keep such animals at the site. (Portland, OR §13.05.015). 22 Madison, Wisconsin Keeping of up to four (4) chickens is allowed as an accessory us units. Keeping of up to six (6) chickens is allowed as an acces Downtown Core district. (Madison, WI §28.151). Licensing to obtain state-required licenses or registrations, or establish Portland, Oregon made upon forms furnished by the Director, and shall be accompan (Portland, OR §13.05.015). Ann Arbor, Michigan Any person who keeps chickens in the City of Ann Arbor shall obt acquiring the chickens. No permit shall be issued to a person, b allowed to be kept unless the owners of all residentially zoned to the permit and this consent is presented along with an applic waiving the distance requirement in subsection (3) below shall a and become a part of the permit if issued. Application shall be permit shall be as determined by Council resolution. Permits expire and become invalid 5 years after the date of issu keeping chickens shall have obtained a new permit on or before t permit. Application for a new permit shall be pursuant to the pr applicable at the time the person applies for a new permit. (Ann Arbor, MI §9:42). Seattle, Washington The keeping of small animals, farm animals, domestic fowl and be an accessory use to any principal use permitted outright or to a as set forth below] . Domestic Fowl. Up to eight domestic fowl may be kept on any lot On lots greater than 10,000 square feet that include either a co one additional fowl is permitted for every 1,000 square feet of community garden or urban farm use. Roosters are not permitted. Structures housing domestic fowl must be located at least 10 fee includes a dwelling unit on an adjacent lot. (Seattle, WA §23.42.052). 23 for home use, or as pets, within the city limits must be: Located only in the back yard; compliant with side yard requirem Located on the side of the yard farthest from neighboring dwelli approximately equal distance from neighboring dwellings, if more Limited to no more than ten (hens.) Limited to poultry not generally considered excessively noisy - guinea fowl are expressly prohibited. Located not closer than forty feet from any neighboring dwelling §6.10.020). Madison, Wisconsin Keeping of up to four (4) chickens is allowed as an accessory us Keeping of up to six (6) chickens is allowed as an accessory use Core district. Keeping of roosters is prohibited. Slaughter of chickens is prohibited on site. The chickens shall be provided with a covered enclosure and must fenced enclosure at all times. The owner, operator or tenant must obtain a [municipal license].Madison, WI §28.151). Little Rock, Arkansas Small animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs and fowl, such as may be kept within the city limits, subject to the following pro All such animals must be provided with adequate housing. Floor s accordance with the following minimum requirements . For chickens and similar fowl, three (3) square feet per bird ov For bantams, three (3) square feet per bird over four (4) months Provisions of this section do not apply to pea fowl or ducks. All pens or yards where such animals are kept shall be placed th business establishment or any residence Little Rock, AR §6-44). 24 Fort Collins, Colorado In those zone districts where the keeping of farm animals is not other applicable provisions of this Chapter: The keeping of roosters or drakes (male ducks) is prohibited; on permitted, and all references herein to poultry shall mean chick Poultry may be kept in the following numbers: may be kept; and for every additional one-half (½) acre; provided, however, that If a lot has more than one (1) dwelling unit, all adult resident writing to allowing the poultry on the property. The poultry must be provided with a covered, predator-resistant designed to be easily accessed, cleaned and maintained, and must per chicken hen or duck. During daylight hours, the poultry must have access to the poult outdoor enclosure that is adequately fenced to protect them from The poultry must be further protected from predators by being cl dawn. abutting property line unless the owner or keeper of the poultry of all abutting properties to which the enclosure is proposed to the agreed-upon location shall then be deemed acceptable notwith ownership of such abutting properties. with wild ducks or geese or their excrement. (Fort Collins, CO §4.117). Ann Arbor, Michigan A person shall not keep chickens in any location on the property lot lines to the points where the side lot lines intersect with single-family or 2-family structure and extending to the side lo No covered enclosure or fenced enclosure shall be located closer adjacent property. 25 All enclosures for the keeping of chickens shall be so construct or other rodents from being harbored underneath, within, or with enclosure or fenced enclosure shall not be located closer than 4 adjacent property provided, however, this requirement can be wai the applicant shall present at the time of applying for a permit adjacent landowners that there is no objection to the issuance o the applicant shall present at the time of applying for a permit adjacent landowners and of the occupants of the other dwelling s to the issuance of the permit. (Ann Arbor, MI §9:42). Cedar Rapids, Iowa The maximum number of chickens allowed is six (6) per tract of l units are on the tract. Only female chickens (hens) are allowed. A permit shall not allow the permittee to engage in chicken bree purposes. Chickens must be kept in an enclosure or fenced area at all time henhouse or chicken tractor** during non-daylight hours. Enclosures must be kept in a clean, dry, odor-free, neat and san Henhouses, chicken tractors and chicken pens must provide adequa shade and must be impermeable to rodents, wild birds and predato Henhouses and chicken tractors shall be designed to provide safe chickens with a minimum of four (4) square feet per bird while m residents in the neighborhood. A henhouse or chicken tractor shall be enclosed on all sides and doors must be able to be shut and locked at night. Opening windo predator and bird proof wire of less than one (1) inch openings. The materials used in making a henhouse or chicken tractor shall structure such that the walls are made of the same material, the covering, and any windows or openings are constructed using the waste board, sheet metal, or similar materials is prohibited. He maintained. Henhouses, chicken tractors and chicken pens shall only be locat setback requirements cannot be met in which case they may be kep setbacks. 26 Henhouses, chicken tractors and chicken pens must be located at business. Any enclosed chicken pen shall consist of sturdy wire fencing. T Cedar Rapids, IA §23A). generally designed to be movable by one person. Fort Collins, Colorado Miscellaneous Humane Society and have received such information or training pe said agency deems appropriate. (Fort Collins, CO §4.117). Cedar Rapids, Iowa Odors from chickens, chicken manure or other chicken related sub beyond the boundaries of the permitted tract of land. Noise from chickens shall not be loud enough beyond the boundari property boundaries to disturb persons of reasonable sensitivity The Permittee shall take necessary action to reduce the attracti potential infestation of insects and parasites. Chickens found t that may result in unhealthy conditions to human habitation may Chickens shall be provided with access to feed and clean water a unavailable to rodents, wild birds and predators. All stored manure shall be covered by a fully enclosed structure No more than three (3) cubic feet of manure shall be stored on t manure not used for composting or fertilizing shall be removed. pen and surrounding area must be kept free from trash and accumu be removed in a timely manner. cat or other domesticated animal which kills a chicken off the p control provisions. The Permittee shall place and keep leg bands on all of his chickCedar Rapids, IA §23A). Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to exempt the owner of p enforcement of nuisance, or other laws regarding the keeping of poultry enclosure. (). 27 Goats Introduction Goats have been considered for addition to the urban agriculture dogs and can provide a sense of companionship to the owner. Keep space and labor intensive endeavor than other forms of urban ani bucks, castrated male goats are called wethers, female goats are Breeds Miniature breeds are best suited for urban spaces and are genera areas because traditional breeds require too much land. Even m of 135 square feet of open area per goat (Kooy). The breeds gen Pygmy and Nigerian Dwarf (aka Dwarf). Pygmy Goat The Pygmy goat is a type of miniature goat that is particularly or other miniature goats may be the only breed allowed in some c less space than other breeds and their diminutive size makes the goat stands at about 24 inches at the withers (shoulder). The bo (Oklahoma State, 1995). Nigerian Dwarf Goat The Nigerian Dwarf goat is another type of miniature goat. The i at the withers. Nigerian goats were bred to look more like minia lighter structure than Pygmy goats. They can provide a surprisin give three to four pounds per day of 6 to 10% butterfat. (Oklaho Miniature Dairy Goats Miniature dairy goats are actually a cross-breeding of a Nigeria that provide milk. It is common for urban keepers to cross bree or Nubian breeds, since the resulting offspring produce more mil traditional diary goat breeds. Milk Production by Goats In order for a doe to produce milk, she must be bred. Dairy goat winter, though Pygmy goats used for milk production can be bred about ten months. Many cities allow the owner to keep the kid a period of 12 weeks - even if the kid causes the keeper to exceed property. 28 Behavior Goats are sociable animals that live in herds. Keepers will wan goats are more prone to exhibit destructive behavior. Herds muc prohibited by cities (Keen). Goats are also a very active and intelligent creature. In small should be provided for entertainment; however, goats are a lot l items, but not necessarily consume them (Adams, 2000). Goats are objects. Feed Goats are ruminants. Their digestive system is different than t healthiest when the main part of their diet is forage such as gr to trash or refuse (Adams and Van Metre). Owners must take prec beloved plants and bushes, especially those that could be toxic Maintenance Goats that are kept in a backyard will need to have their horn b process called debudding. Goats also need to have their hooves hooves are not trimmed or worn down by a rough surface, health p will require vaccinations and other veterinary care throughout t potential owner should locate a good veterinarian and learn abou create a schedule for vaccination. Shelter Goats have the amazing ability to escape from any enclosure that there is a gap in the fence, it is likely that a goat can get th tightly woven material and at least four feet high for miniature Goats will also require a shelter to protect them from the eleme should be well ventilated and have dry walls and bedding. A shed and help dry out the building (Steevens et al, 1993). Miniature goats require at least ten square feet of space per an separate from the main housing area, with a platform for the goa be required depending on the size of the operation and the inten 1993). Sanitation Deep bedding should be provided for goats. This should be dry an more frequently. Bedding can be composed of a variety of materia straw, or other absorbent materials. 29 Figure 4-1. Dwarf Nigerian Milk Goat; Ames,IA. Photos courtesy o Land-Use Concerns An important issue to consider for urban goat-keeping is the pot notorious for their ability to escape pens. Even securely-penned destroy trees and shrubs in the pen. Neighbors may complain of the aesthetics of having goats and als (Bleyer, 2011). Bucks have a very strong odor and can be aggress temporary brush clearing. Well-cared-for does do not have an odor. Most goat-keepers will from feces can be concerns (Jeanne, 2010). City councils often t deciding on the feasibility of allowing goats in urban areas. Existing Regulations Survey Relative to bees and chickens, fewer cities have adopted regulat amount of space. As with other animal uses, setbacks are also re shelters. Another requirement may relate to the breed of goat. C Dwarf or miniature dairy goats. These breeds are of similar stat so may be categorized as small animals rather than livestock i 30 Code Language Seattle, Washington The keeping of small animals, farm animals, domestic fowl and be an accessory use to any principal use permitted outright or to a subject to the standards of this Section. Up to three small animals may be kept accessory to each business farm, or dwelling unit on a lot, except . In single-family zones up to four small animals are permitted o feet; and one additional small animal is permitted for each 5,00 of 20,000 square feet. Accessory structures, including kennels, for four or more animal lot in a residential zone. Miniature Goats. The types of goats commonly known as Pygmy, Dwa as small animals, provided that male miniature goats are neutere Nursing offspring of miniature goats licensed according to the p weaned, no longer than 12 weeks from birth, without violating thSeattle, WA §23.42.052). Stamford, Connecticut No person shall keep any live poultry, goats or cattle of the bo Stamford, CT §111-3 §111-6). San Diego, California It is unlawful to bring or maintain, within a nonagricultural z animals, goats, or sheep . This section shall not apply to the f Any goats brought in temporarily, to privately-owned non-agricul brush management. The keeping of miniature goats on a premises zoned for a single dwelling unit consistent with the following requirements: Miniature goats are those goats commonly known as Pygmy, Dwarf, All miniature goats shall be dehorned. Male miniature goats shall be neutered. No more than, and no less than, two miniature goats shall be kep may be kept onsite for up to twelve weeks from birth. Miniature goats shall be housed in a shed designed to be: Predator proof; Thoroughly ventilated; Easily accessed and cleaned; 31 Watertight and draft free; A minimum of ten square feet of interior space; and Located outside of all required setbacks . Direct access from the shed to an outdoor enclosure shall be pro designed to be: A minimum area of 400 square feet; Secured from the outside in a manner that prevents the miniature Free of objects that would enable the goats to climb out of the Easily accessed and cleaned. consumption only; sale of such products is prohibited. Property owners shall remove and properly dispose of droppings f discharge into [storm sewers]. (San Diego, CA §44.0307). Figure 4-2. Dwarf Nigerian Milk Goats; Ames, IA. Photos courtesy 32 Fort Collins, Colorado In zone districts where the keeping of farm animals is not other goats, plus any number of their offspring younger than twelve (1 City. The keeping of just one (1) pygmy or dwarf goat is prohibi Dwarf or African Pygmy breeds of goats shall be permitted. No bu Except as prohibited above, goats may be kept subject to the fol Humane Society, and must also have received such information or keeping of goats as said agency deems appropriate, including, bu animal husbandry, care, disease prevention and management, and m risks of exposure to Q fever during the goat birthing process. P a site inspection shall be conducted by the Humane Society to ve requirements of this Subsection. If a lot has more than one (1) dwelling unit, all adult resident consent in writing to allowing the goats on the property. the lot on the opposite side of the residence from the front lot the lot line facing the primary entrance to the principal buildi The goats must be provided with a covered, predator-resistant sh and designed to be easily accessed, cleaned and maintained. During daylight hours, the goats must have access to the shelter outdoor enclosure that is adequately fenced to protect them from The goats must be closed in the shelter from dusk to dawn. abutting property line unless the owner or keeper of the goats o the owners of all abutting properties to which the enclosure is located, in which event the agreed-upon location shall then be d notwithstanding any subsequent change in ownership of such abutt The goats may not be killed by or at the direction of the owner surrendered to a licensed veterinarian or the Humane Society for expressly permitted by law. Any person who owns or keeps goats over twelve (12) weeks of age vaccinated against rabies when the goats become twelve (12) week to have the goats vaccinated by a veterinarian at intervals reco (Fort Collins, CO §4-121). 33 Crop Agriculture in the Urban Environment Introduction Crop production in the context of urban agriculture encompasses distinctions, they are in fact often referring to closely relate in this chapter are generally organized from least-intensive lan addressed in the following order: Front-yard gardening Private gardening on vacant lots Community gardens Market gardens Urban farms Season extenders The code provisions for each are found at the end of the chapter Figure 5-1. Front-yard Garden; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Andre 34 Land Use Activities Front-Yard Gardening Home gardening has been practiced since people have lived in hom residences have always been able to grow fruits and vegetables i by zoning regulations. The increasing popularity of consuming h expanded the backyard garden to the front yard. A homeowner may variety of reasons. It may simply be a desire to grow more prod of land on the lot is better in the front yard than in the back gardens and the front yard is the only reasonable location. yard gardening can reduce the intensive fertilization and irriga add attractive plots and raised beds as edible landscape element Land-Use Concerns The seemingly inconsequential move of the backyard garden to the of zoning-related issues. Gardening in the front-yard does pose in backyard gardening. These concerns involve issues of safety a sidewalk and automobile users in the road, particularly if sweet plants (Kurutz, 2012). Concerns over the aesthetics of front-yard gardening also are re the cultural norm, and produce gardens often appear overgrown an Figure 5-2. Front-yard Garden; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy of Andre 35 Existing Regulations Survey Most municipalities do not explicitly ban front yard gardening i what is allowed in front yards may inadvertently restrict most t adopting proactive enabling language) is all that is needed to a The land use concerns associated with front yard gardening are a communities regulate the size of plants allowed in the front-yar row crops in residential areas. This designation applies to pl height and are grain, fruit, or vegetable plants. Edible plants garden. Sacramento historically limited front-yard produce garde area, but lifted that cap in 2007. (Barth, 2014). structures, gardens, or other plantings in that area. This is d regulations concerning front yard gardens. Form is also a consideration in order to meet aesthetic standard above, the front-yard fruit and vegetable plantings allowed in K are an element of landscaping, rather than a garden. Other commu Private Gardening on Vacant Lots, Community Gardens, Market Farm Farms In the context of this report, private gardening on vacant lots produce for personal consumption on a vacant lot owned or rented gardens are shared cultivated spaces typically gardened and mana undeveloped lots or on leased public lands - for private consump are similar in scale and location to community gardens, and may primary characteristic that distinguishes market gardens from co the city limits. Urban farms are distinguished from market garde and the variety of products grown or sold, although in many plac . In many cities, a large number of residential lots have been Private gardening on vacant lots years. One way to utilize these lots is to allow the owners to u lots for cultivation greens neighborhoods and can prevent illega 112). Zoning acts as a barrier to gardening on vacant lots when principal permitted uses on lots in residential or commercial zo only be accessory to a principal permitted structure, such as a owners who own vacant lots and community garden groups are prohi to raise gardens. The simple solution employed by many cities, o to allow for gardening as a principal permitted use on lots in r 36 Figure 5-3. Garden on Vacant Lot; Des Moines, IA. Photo courtesy . Community gardens are a similar solution to a similar set of Community gardens and market gardens problems. Allowing groups to cultivate vacant lots in urban are build a sense of community, and provide community members with a public areas are ideal for community gardens. Allowing on-site gardens) also generates income for the individuals or group mana Figure 5-4. Neighborhood Church Community Garden; Cedar Rapids, 37 Urban farms Typically larger than market gardens, and include larger-scale purposes using a variety of horizontal and vertical growing tech hydroponic, and aquaponic growing systems. End products are typi stand, market, or store . (Hodgson et al, 2011). Most urban farms are privately run by an individual or a group. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm, where individuals no Figure 5-5. Matthew 25 Urban Farm; Cedar Rapids, IA. Photo court Land-Use Concerns All of the obvious attributes of crop agriculture nuisance con relevant to developing land use regulations. Generally speaking gardening on vacant lots, to community and market gardens, to ur potentially negative attributes of these activities. Each step must be considered: Community gardens are usually larger than private gardens on v people and activity to the site. Market gardens bring retail consumers to the site. This adds p issues, and accessory buildings or farm stands where retail tr Urban farms are more intense and potentially more complex oper use larger equipment (for example, tractors versus walk-behind herbicides, and may wish to include beekeeping, aquaculture or 38 Existing Regulations Survey While the distinctions among types of crop agriculture set forth local codes are not consistent; nor are the activities allowed a many cities allow on-site sales at community gardens, while ot operations to which they are applied. A variety of examples ar choices regarding the types of activities to allow and creating land use concerns associated with those activities: Size of parcel being cultivated Many communities distinguish based on the size of the parcel used for production, assuming increases as parcel size increases. While an easy-to-implemen indirectly (and imprecisely) addresses the underlying activiti Number of individuals involved in the operation In the case gardens, and urban farms which all have the potential to hav at the same time, some communities limit the hours that people Types of accessory structures necessary for the operation Te extenders (discussed in detail below) are generally excluded f or square footage of accessory structures allowed on site. Bu however, are usually closely controlled. Retail sales When on-site retail sales are allowed, issues o buildings or other structures where transactions occur, ADA co among the many that are addressed in current codes. Types of equipment and chemicals necessary for the operation - farm equipment to only those used for home use or only small w others only require equipment be kept within a certain noise r use usually limit the type of pesticides to those marketed for pesticides for urban agriculture to report the use upon submit When municipal policies have been adopted to allow gardens on pu activity, and on which public lands. Licensing schemes from Des are provided. 39 Figure 5-7. Matthew 25 Urban Farm; Cedar Rapids, IA. Photo court 40 Season Extenders Season extenders refer to any method of protecting crops from th extenders use a covering to protect plants from wind and other e retain heat. They may be used by homeowners for their own garde commercial urban farmers. The types of season extenders are numerous. A plastic tarp that plants is a season extender, as is a commercial greenhouse compl systems. The greatest regulatory challenges are those posed by extremes. Cold frames are typically wooden boxes with transparent lids mad Cold frame. garden beds and do not use an active energy source. They are the extenders. As such, they do not pose regulatory problems and ar . Low tunnels, hoophouses and high tunnels are light-weight, Low Tunnel, Hoophouse and High Tunnel typically temporary structures. Coverings such as tarps or spun be fastened by attaching straps to the sides of raised beds. Lo to cover the crops being protected. The terms hoophouse and h by most; however, sometimes hoophouse is used to refer to a st through, while high tunnel may refer to a structure large enou taken down before winter unless they have solid end walls. None (mechanical) venting. . Greenhouses are large, usually permanent structures that provi Greenhouse climate control. These structures typically include ventilation a variety of materials. Figure 5-8. Matthew 25 Urban Farm; Cedar Rapids, IA. Photo court 41 Land-Use Concerns The primary land use concern with season extenders is the sturdi structure stand up in high winds, or will it become a hazard as wish to see large plastic tarps covering unknown materials when Existing Regulations Survey The regulatory challenges communities seek to address with regar to determine where they should be allowed to locate, (2) the saf temporary structures, and (3) the point at which to classify any structure. Other than (1), the other issues are generally addres treatment in current codes. Broadly speaking, the movement alon to greenhouses increases the level of regulatory attention. The Hoophouses are often excluded from calculations of maximum site of buildings on a lot while greenhouses are treated as any other pertaining to season extenders, other than cold frames and low t in areas that already permit agricultural uses such as community in Urban Agriculture Districts (discussed in a later chapter). Code Language Front-Yard Gardening General Restrictions Kansas City, Missouri [A home garden is] a garden maintained by one or more individual garden may be donated or sold on-site within a reasonable time o place during the period of May 15 through October 15. Row crops are not permitted in the front yard of a residentially which are 24 inches or more in height. Row crops shall not mea or shrubbery less than 6 feet in height, or trees in excess of 6 the side property lines or from the front of the principal build a principal residential use, and must comply with the lot and bu On-site sales made in accordance with this section shall not be under this Code, and shall not be subject to the restrictions fo cannot be considered to be a Home Garden. (Kansas City, MO §88-312). 42 North Redington Beach, Florida . Front yard gardens will be allowed by calendar-year yearly per Front yard gardens the town clerk and adhering to the following regulations: Gardens shall be no more than 120 square feet; No plants taller than 32 shall be allowed; There shall be no exposed soil (ground between plants must be co No vining plants, tomatoes or corn shall be allowed; If any resident with a front-yard garden receives three violatio year, the permit shall be canceled and the garden removed. (North Redington Beach, FL §30-57(f)). Northbrook, Illinois The guidelines are applicable to all garden areas established in The guidelines are applicable to all types of gardens, not just All gardens must comply with the existing standards in Sec. 19-5 Code that prohibit any change in existing grade that would creat the Municipal Code. In particular, gardens must not cause proble nearby public sidewalks. Nothing in the guidelines shall be deemed permission to violate lawn areas established in the Municipal Code. (Northbrook, IL Front Yard Gardening Guidelines). Orlando, Florida At least 40% of the pervious area of the front and street sidey Front Yard. with shrubs and groundcovers, or a combination thereof. The rema annuals and vegetable gardens, up to a maximum of 60%. (Orlando, FL §60.223). Gardening on Vacant Lots Community Gardens Detroit, Michigan Urban Garden. food or non-food crops for personal or group use. The products for commercial purposes. Urban Farm. food crops for personal or group use . The products of an urban purposes. (Detroit, MI §61-16-124). 43 Kansas City, Missouri . An area of land managed and maintained by a group of individu Community Garden A community garden area may be divided into separate garden plot individuals or may be farmed collectively by members of the grou common areas (e.g., hand tool storage sheds) maintained and usedKansas City, MO §88- 312). Chicago, Illinois A neighborhood-based development with the primary purpose of pr Community Garden. based organizations that are responsible for maintenance and ope plants or plant products are prohibited on site. Gardening tool accessory building that is in compliance with Section 17-9-0103.5-B of the Municipal Code. (Chicago, IL §17-17-0103-F). El Cajon, California means a property used for food crop cultivation by individuals Community Garden of individuals or organizations, which may be divided into multiEl Cajon, CA §17.105.020). Long Beach, California Community Garden individuals of a neighborhood (noncommercial activity). (Long Beach, CA §21.15.605). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania An area managed and maintained by a group of individuals to gr Community Garden. sale that is incidental in nature. A community garden area may b orchard areas for cultivation by one or more individuals or may group. A community garden may include common areas (e.g., hand t used by the group. Community gardens may be principal or accesso or within a building. (Philadelphia, PA §14-601(11)). Austin, Texas means eligible city land controlled under a license agreement o City-Supported Community Garden city land controlled under a land control document which is issu is used by a group of four or more participating gardeners eithe collectively by the group to grow, produce and harvest food crop members; 44 is operated in a manner that includes water conservation, and in land includes composting, non-polluting, and integrated pest man a sustainable garden, and is cultivated solely for the productio may include common areas maintained and used by the group for no is platted as a legal lot or exempted under Section 25-4-3 (Temp Requirements); and ). Portland, Oregon . A site where food is grown to be sold. The food may be sold d Market Garden restaurants, stores, or other buyers, or at farmers markets. (Portland, OR §33.910.030). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . An area managed and maintained by an individual or group of Market or Community-Supported Farm not incidental in nature. Market farms may be principal or acces within a building. (Philadelphia, PA §14-601(11)). Harrisonburg, Virginia . A home occupation, where areas of a parcel are managed and mai Business Garden individuals residing on the same parcel or adjoining parcels und personal consumption or use. (Harrisonburg, VA §10-3-191). Figure 5-9. Preparing Garden on Vacant Lot; Des Moines, IA. Phot 45 General Restrictions Fitchburg, Wisconsin Community gardens shall be allowed in all zoning districts subje cultivation practices on the site. A small storage shed, 100 squ but it shall meet the front setback for the respective district, or rear lot line and shall not be greater than 15 feet in height they are permitted) and those structures shall follow the dimens district. (Fitchburg, WI §22-6). Safety Harbor, Florida Community gardens are allowed as principle uses by-right in all Industrial district in the city of Safety Harbor, Florida subjec No gardening activities may take place between the hours of 9:00 The use of hand tools, and domestic gardening tools and equipmen power equipment such as gas-powered tillers and edgers are allow of greater than 10 horsepower is prohibited. The property owner(s) on which the community garden is located s the property so that it does not become overgrown with weeds, in source of erosion or stormwater runoff, polluted by fertilizer o agricultural-use chemicals, or does not become a public nuisance The property owner on which the community garden is located shal all applicable standards as set forth [in] the Pinellas County C The produce and horticultural plants grown in a community garden In cases where a community garden is located within ten (10) fee is required in a manner determined to be acceptable by the Plann Community gardening shall not occur in the front yard of a devel (Safety Harbor, FL §41.00). 46 Belding, Michigan Community gardens are allowed as principle uses by-right in all Michigan subject to the following regulations: A community garden may not be greater than four (4) acres in si Size limitation. All garden plots and any permitted structure shall meet the set Setback. as follows: Except in the B-1 district, the setback from any lot line in a r The buffer [set forth in the code] shall not be required. . Only the following structures will be permitted in a community Permitted structures Greenhouses, storage sheds, shade pavilions, planting preparatio however, hoophouses shall not be permitted in the B-1 district. Height. No building or other structure may be greater than fourt Maximum coverage. The combined area of all buildings, excluding exceed three hundred (300) square feet. Hoophouse coverings must be maintained and kept intact. The cove removed during non-growing seasons. Fencing shall be subject to [the fence regulations of the code] Fences. In the B-1 district, an opaque six-foot fence on or near the pro less than six (6) feet in height that completely obscures the ga within the garden property along any adjacent residential lot li Barbed wire shall not be permitted. A fence within the front yard shall not exceed six (6) feet in h front yard shall be more than sixty (60) percent opaque. Above ground water tanks, or tanks mounted to trailers or skids, have a capacity greater than one thousand (1,000) gallons. Benches, picnic tables, trellises, arbors and garden art. Planting beds raised up to three (3) feet above grade. Compost bins and rain barrel systems, which may not be located w within ten (10) feet of a property line, whichever is greater. Walkways. Walkways shall be unpaved and covered with mulch, grav treated to control dust. 47 . Each community garden shall have one (1) sign indicating the n Signs the contact information of the principal operator, including the sign may not exceed six (6) square feet in area nor exceed six ( shall be provided on site and emptied in a timely manner. Trash receptacles . Except in the B-1 district, a designated parking area with a m Parking per each three (3) garden plots (as designated on the approved s areas shall be maintained as a grass area and kept in a dust-fre district is not required to provide off-street parking. . The use or operation of power tools, mechanical equipment or a Noise outdoors in a community garden adjacent to land in a residential a.m. and after 8:00 p.m. The use of hand tools and domestic gard . Measures shall be implemented to prevent chemical and water ru Organic gardening is encouraged onto adjacent properties. Except for sales of plants produced within the community garden, . In the B-1 district, a community garden shall Use of land in the B-1 [Community Business] district be considered a transitional use until a different allowed use c required land use agreement shall contain a clause that allows f at the end of the current growing season if a suitable commercia found for the site. (Belding, MI §2.30). Peoria, Illinois Community gardens are permitted as principal uses by-right in al accessory use in the C-1 General Commercial district in Peoria, regulations: Throughout residential districts in the City of Peoria, there e Purpose. mowed and otherwise maintained. Community gardens have been foun land for the cultivation of crops by community groups and indivi is to ensure that urban garden areas are appropriately located a food production, community health, community education, garden-r enhancement, preservation of green space, and community enjoymen represent the highest and best use for the community. . Community gardens shall be limited to two acres or less. Size . Planting area and accessory structures must meet the applicabl Setbacks requirements. Accessory structure. benches, covered trash receptacles, hoop houses limited to three one greenhouse (limited to 120 square feet), one seasonal farm s required for those structures which are temporary and taken down shall not be placed on the garden site before March 1st of each 1st. Accessory structures and storage buildings may not occupy m garden site. 48 . Fences shall not exceed four feet in height, shall be 50 perce Fences the same required setbacks as the planting area. If the communit must be removed. Accessory structure. benches, covered trash receptacles, hoop houses limited to three one greenhouse (limited to 120 square feet), one seasonal farm s required for those structures which are temporary and taken down shall not be placed on the garden site before March 1st of each 1st. Accessory structures and storage buildings may not occupy m garden site. . Fences shall not exceed four feet in height, shall be 50 perce Fences the same required setbacks as the planting area. If the communit must be removed. Signage. permitted. The sign face shall be located parallel to the front . Must be in an enclosed container, limited only to the material Composting be used on site. . The keeping of animals, livestock, or bees is prohibited. Animals or livestock or bees . The garden shall be properly maintained throughout the year wi Maintenance areas, weekly removal of weeds and grasses from the garden, week fruit from the garden area, and weekly collection of all garbage end of each growing season annual vegetation shall be cut down t above ground level. (Peoria, IL §3.20). Warrensburg, Missouri Community gardens are permitted as principle uses by-right in al Neighborhood Business district, and as a conditional use in the Missouri subject to the following regulations: The purpose of the community garden regulations are to ensure t Purpose and intent. gardens are appropriately located and protected to meet needs fo health, community education, environmental enhancement, preserva enjoyment. . The following uses and structures are considered accessory use Accessory uses and structures structures to a community garden use: Greenhouses, hoophouses, cold-frames, and similar structures use season. Benches, bike racks, signs, drinking fountains, raised planting picnic tables, fences, garden art, rain barrel systems, walking Tool sheds, equipment sheds, shade pavilions, rest-rooms facilit Off-street parking areas and sidewalks. 49 General requirements. Accessory structures shall meet the height and setback requireme district in which they are located. Regardless of the underlying zoning district designation, a sign requirements of [the sign provisions of this code pertaining to premises, nonilluminated, limited to four (4) square feet in sur Fences shall meet the requirements of [the fence provisions of t The community garden and accessory uses and structures shall mee requirements of this code: Nothing shall be erected, placed, pl manner as to materially impede vision between a height of two (2 the street grade at the back of the curb of the intersecting str formed by the right-of-way lines and a line connecting them at p of intersection or at equivalent points on private streets.] and egress are allowed no closer than two (2) feet from any stre street right-of-way. The hours of operation shall be limited to one-half hour before sunset daily. No use shall emit an odor that creates a nuisance per [the Code] The site shall be maintained in accordance with [the Code] inclu of weeds, grass and poisonous or harmful vegetation to a greater on the average. All uses shall operate in accordance with the noise standards co Porta potties or equivalent portable restrooms are allowed for a at any one (1) time. (Warrensburg, MO §27-243). Bloomington, Indiana Community gardens are allowed as principle uses by-right in all Indiana. When located in a residential district a community gard Structures utilized for the storage of gardening materials shall percent (15%) of the community garden site lot area. On-site storage containers, compost bins, and other material sto removed from the community garden site at least once a week. 50 Retail sales shall be prohibited on the community garden site, e the community garden. Such sales shall be in compliance with [th permit per calendar year, maximum of 60 consecutive days]. Hours of operation shall be restricted to between 5:00 a.m. and shall adhere to the noise standards in the Bloomington Municip Cultivated areas shall not encroach onto adjacent properties. The community garden site shall be maintained free of high grass Municipal Code. (15,000) square feet. One permanent sign shall be permitted. Such sign shall be limite and four (4) feet in height. (Bloomington, IN §20.05.097). St. Paul, Minnesota The principal use of land for production of food or horticultura is allowed by-right, except as noted below, in all residential a Minnesota. Standards and conditions. Approval of a site plan showing the location of all growing plot with contact information for a site manager. A soil lead test sh one hundred (100) parts per million shall be submitted to the zo plan or raised planting beds with soil barriers and clean, impor In residential, traditional neighborhood, and business districts greater than one (1) acre requires a conditional use permit. The use shall be subject to the minimum property maintenance sta of the city. Keeping of any animals other than bees is prohibited, except res animals, subject to city permit requirements. The use shall be conducted in a manner that controls odor, dust, is in compliance with city standards so as not to create a nuisa enforced through [the nuisance provisions of the city code]. Any tools, equipment, and material shall be stored and concealed structure. When an agriculture use has been discontinued, the property shal planted ground cover to control erosion, dust, and mud. All stru use shall be removed. This requirement may be enforced through [ city code]. 51 Standards and conditions in residential and traditional neighbor an area of less than one (1) acre: On-site sales shall be limited only to products grown on the sit than three (3) sales in any calendar year and may take place onl on property owned, rented, leased, or otherwise lawfully occupie political organization. Sales shall not take place on the public Gardening equipment shall be limited to that which is commonly u Accessory buildings shall not exceed an area greater than ten (1 thousand (1000) square feet, whichever is greater. Temporary str hundred eighty (180) days per year, such as hoophouses, cold fra located above gardening plots and being used to extend the growi building permit is required for any temporary structure covering twenty (120) square feet. St. Paul, MN §65.771). Cedar Rapids, Iowa Urban agriculture uses are allowed as principle uses by-right in Cedar Rapids, Iowa subject to the following regulations: Intent The purpose of this Section is to provide requirements and condi establishment and operation of urban agricultural operations as urban agricultural operations in established residential neighbo Regulations Urban agricultural uses shall be limited to the cultivation of p husbandry, livestock, and bees shall not be considered urban agr Parcels used for urban agricultural uses shall be situated, equi to minimize to the maximum extent possible, using the best avail interference with other land uses and activities in the general Odor control; Debris control; Rodent and pest control; and Secure, enclosed, rodent-proof storage of all seed, fertilizer, operations. Only walk-behind mechanical farm equipment shall be used. Pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers and other chemical product be designed for household use. Pesticides, insecticides, fertili for commercial agricultural operations shall not be permitted. 52 Excess stormwater runoff shall be detained on site in connection redevelopment or land use change related to urban agricultural o for urban agricultural uses. No fence, wall, vegetation or combination of such items exceedin level shall be erected within the required front yard in any dis [the city code]. No encroachments shall be permitted in Corner V city code]. An annual permit shall be required. (Cedar Rapids, IA §32.04.030.A.44). San Francisco, California Large scale agriculture uses are allowed as principle uses by- Production, Distribution, and Repair districts, and as a conditi San Francisco, California. Neighborhood agriculture uses are a zoning districts. The use of land for the production of food or horticultural cro Large-Scale Urban Agriculture. harvested, sold, or donated that occur: (1) on a plot of land 1 cannot meet the physical and operational standards for Neighborh . A use that occupies less than 1 acre for the production of foo Neighborhood Agriculture crops to be harvested, sold, or donated and comply with the cont includes, but is not limited to, home, kitchen, and roof gardens Agricultural use may include, but are not limited to, community market gardens, and private farms. Neighborhood Agricultural use products grown that are used for personal consumption are not re operational standards shall apply to Neighborhood Agriculture: Compost areas must be setback at least 3 feet from dwelling unit If the farmed area is enclosed by fencing, the fencing must be: area that borders a public right-of-way will be covered by plant screening within three (3) years of the fence installation; Use of mechanized farm equipment is generally prohibited in resi however, that during the initial preparation of the land heavy e the land for agriculture use. Landscaping equipment designed for permitted; Farm equipment shall be enclosed or otherwise screened from sigh and 8 p.m.; In all districts, sales, pick-ups, and donations of fresh food a site are permitted. In every district except Residential Distri primary ingredients are grown and produced on-site, are permitte 53 Water Conservation. Any plot of land that exceeds 1,000 square feet and is newly est Agriculture or Large-Scale Urban Agriculture use shall comply wi requirements of [the city administrative code] . (San Francisco, CA §102.35). Harrisonburg, Virginia Business gardens are allowed as a principle use by-right in all Harrisonburg, Virginia subject to the following regulations: A home occupation, where areas of a parcel are managed and main Business garden: individuals residing on the same parcel or adjoining parcels und personal consumption or use. Individuals operating business gardens shall apply for a home oc The residential character of all parcels involved shall be maint All transactions shall occur off-site. No on-site advertising is permitted. Apiculture or other animal husbandry is prohibited. Areas shall be maintained in a healthy growing condition, free o dead or spent plant materials. Such areas are subject to [the co Compost shall be used only to support onsite operations. Area and yard restrictions the area of the parcel involved including areas of multiple, adj Cultivation in accessory structures such as hoophouses, green ho for exterior activities such as storage, compost and disposal ar Activities on or within principal buildings including covered an accessory storage structures, upon rooftops, and vertical growth unless such areas are enclosed with a wall or fence of at least Accessory structures shall be governed by section 10-3-114, acc Accessory structures. this chapter. . Storage of equipment, materials, and compost and disposal area Storage and screening a principal or accessory structure or screened. . Business gardens which have ceased permanent operation or been Abandonment cleared, all structures removed and the area re-vegetated no mor days. (Harrisonburg, VA §10-3-191). 54 Seattle, Washington Urban farms are permitted as an accessory use in residential zon commercial and industrial zones in Seattle, Washington subject t . In all residential zones all urban farms are subject to the fo All Urban Farms in Residential Zones provisions: Only mechanical equipment designed for household use may be use Mechanical equipment. Retail sales and all other public use of the farm shall begin n Sales. 7:00 p.m. every day of the week. Commercial deliveries and pickups are limited to one per day. O Deliveries. commercial pickups. No more than two motor vehicles, each with a gross vehicle weig Motor vehicles. less, may be used for farm operations. The farm shall be located on the same lot as the principal use Location. where the planting area is within 800 feet of the lot where the Signs. On a lot with no principal structure: Structures. Structures for urban farm use may not exceed 12 feet in height, Structures for urban farm use are also subject to the developmen an accessory structure in the zone. Urban Farms Requiring Conditional Use Permits in Residential Zon of planting area]. The applicant shall provide a proposed urban farm management pl Management Plan. addresses any probable impacts of the type described in this sub includes any proposed mitigation measures. The plan shall includ a site plan; description of the type of equipment necessary or intended for u the frequency and duration of anticipated use; disclosure of any intent to spray or otherwise apply agricultura frequency and duration of application, and the plants, diseases, they are intended for; disclosure of whether the operation of the farm would involve 75 land-disturbing activity, or would otherwise require drainage ap 22.800 et seq.; and a proposed sediment and erosion control plan. The Director, in determining whether to approve, approve with Potential Impacts and Mitigation. conditions or deny the application, shall consider the potential 55 Impacts of irrigation run-off on adjacent properties, water bod Water Quality and Soils. and environmentally critical areas, and proposed sediment and er Impacts related to the number of staff onsite during work hours the number of potential visitors regularly associated with the s Visual impacts relating to the proposed nature, location, Visual Impacts and Screening. design, and size of proposed features, structures and activities, includ composting activities and planting areas, and any existing or pr . Impacts related to the location on the lot of the proposed urb Noise and Odor any trash or compost storage areas, any farm stand or additional and any other noise-generating or odor-generating equipment and . Impacts related to the use of chemicals, including any fertili Agricultural Chemicals and pesticide. Impacts related to the operation of equipment, including noise, Mechanical Equipment. odors, and vibration. Conditions of approval may include, without limitation: Conditions of Approval. measures such as landscaping or fences to mitigate potential vis property and public areas; measures such as landscaping, sound barriers or fences, mounding impacts; and measures related to operation of the urban farm consistent with provisions of the urban farm management plan, with any amendment permitted by the Director. In all zones, no odors or fumes from an urban farm shall be all Odors or Fumes. open air in such amounts as to be detrimental to the health of a discomforting or disagreeable so as to offend the sensibilities more than 200 feet from an urban farm. (Seattle, WA §23.42.051). Application Requirements Belding, Michigan An application for [administrative][site plan] [special land use administrator along with the following documentation: Notarized letter signed by the property owner giving permission community garden. A site plan, drawn to scale, showing the property size with dime The site plan shall show the location of all existing structures adjacent properties. 56 The plan shall show the location and setback of all proposed str including any area or structure proposed for the sale of plants The plan shall show the proposed maximum division of garden plot The plan shall include proposed fencing and screening, if requir The plan shall indicate the area reserved for parking and the nu if required. The plan shall identify the source of water that will be used fo (Belding, MI §2.30). St. Paul, Minnesota Approval of a site plan showing the location of all growing plot contact information for a site manager. A soil lead test showing (100) parts per million shall be submitted to the zoning adminis beds with soil barriers and clean, imported soil will be require In residential, traditional neighborhood, and business districts than one (1) acre requires a conditional use permit. The use shall be subject to the minimum property maintenance sta the city. (St. Paul, MN §65.771). Community Gardens on Public Lands Hartford, Connecticut Municipal garden program. The Parks and Recreation Advisory Com develop and administer a program to encourage the use of vacant gardening purposes by the general public. This Commission may: (1) Maintain an inventory of vacant public lands owned by the C (2) Establish and administer a procedure for selection of perso gardening purposes; and (3) Adopt regulations governing the use of vacant public lands charged with the lawful responsibility to manage and control the property for the municipal garden program. Nothing in this secti and take control at any time those public lands being used for t these public lands to any and all individuals when the City deem the City. program from all suits, claims of liability of each name and nat use of public land in the municipal garden program. 57 The Commission may recommend a schedule of user fees to the Coun maintaining the municipal garden program. (Hartford, CT § 26-15). Des Moines, Iowa all areas of the proposed planting or placement, and shall abide entities executing a garden lease shall be exempt from the permi The garden lease shall be denied if such plantings or placement city engineer. For purposes of this article, city right-of-way means the surfac Persons or entities desiring to maintain city property that abut property shall execute a lease which shall set forth the duties (Des Moines, IA §74-201). Season Extenders Cleveland, Ohio Hoophouse means a structure made of PVC piping or other material constructed in a half-round or hoop shape. Coldframe means an unheated outdoor structure consisting of a wo glass or clear plastic, used for protecting seedlings and plantsCleveland, OH §336). Figure 5-10. Cold Frames; Des Moines, IA. Photo courtesy of Lind 58 Wheat Ridge, Colorado the purpose of determining applicability of adopted codes and re by the general public, and that do not contain mechanical or ele exempt from the building code]. (Wheat Ridge, CO §5-76). General Restrictions Cleveland, Ohio Only the following accessory uses and structures shall be permi Accessory uses. District: Greenhouses, hoophouses, cold-frames, and similar structures use season. Buildings shall be set back from property lines of a Residentia Location. Height. The combined area of all buildings, excluding greenhouses and h Building Coverage. Cleveland, OH §336). 59 Figure 5-12. Low Tunnel, Matthew 25 Urban Farm; Cedar Rapids, IA Belding, Michigan Permitted structures. Only the following structures will be perm Greenhouses, storage sheds, shade pavilions, planting preparatio Height. No building or other structure may be greater than fourt Maximum coverage. The combined area of all buildings, excluding exceed three hundred (300) square feet. Hoophouse coverings must be maintained and kept intact. The cove removed during non-growing seasons. (Belding, MI §2.30(D)). Peoria, Illinois the season. Hoophouses shall not be placed on the garden site be be taken down by June 1st. (Peoria, IL §3.20). 60 Residential Districts Accessory Structures Milwaukee, Wisconsin No accessory building shall be located on a lot not containing Principal Building Required. building, unless the principal use of the lot is for the raising commercial farming enterprise. If a principal building on a lot lot shall also be removed within 60 days and the premises made c The following accessory structures supporting the raising of liv Permitted Structures. garden or a commercial farming enterprise shall be permitted: Sheds. Large agricultural structures. Hoop houses. Not more than one shed and one large agricultural structure may Maximum Number. single lot. The number of hoop houses on a single lot is unlimit The total lot coverage of all sheds, large agricultural structu Lot Coverage. a single lot shall not exceed 70% of lot area. The total lot cov structures on a single lot shall not exceed 15% of lot area. Setbacks. The minimum front setback, side street setback or rear street se agricultural structure or hoop house shall be the average plus 5 The minimum side setback or rear setback for a shed, large agric shall be 5 feet. Maximum Height. The maximum height of the sidewall of an agricultural accessory shed, 10 feet for a large agricultural structure and 14 feet for The maximum overall height of an agricultural accessory structur feet for a hoop house, 14 feet for a large agricultural structur height of the principal building for a large agricultural struct building. (Milwaukee, WI §295-505-3). 61 Compost Introduction Composting can be a useful way for urban gardeners to manage veg these materials into compost can be cost-saving, and can produce Compost piles work by creating an environment conducive to micro that oxidize organic matter - are likely the most important orga Proper aeration - The bacteria and organisms that exist in the the functions of decomposition. A compost pile will create som and heated air is force upward; however, as the composting pro between particles in the pile decreases (Smith et al). To ensu the pile must be turned regularly to provide oxygen. The more more rapidly the heat builds (Jauron, 2013). Adequate moisture - Moisture levels also affect the speed at w Oversaturation may cause odor and slow the decomposition of th cause the activity of microorganisms in the pile to slow or ce should have a moisture content between 40-60% (Smith et al). damp sponge a drop or two of water should drip out when tigh Particle size - Items going into a compost bin should be small bulkier items, it is recommend to cut, shred, or mulch these i Porosity can be affected by materials that are too small, howe maintained between the size of materials added to the compost include vegetable waste, coffee grounds, grass clippings, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios are very high in woody materials, a pile will ultimately determine how quickly the composting proc the pile should be between 90-140 degrees Fahrenheit (Smith et internal temperature of the pile feels warmer than air tempera 62 Home Composting Methods Many types of composting systems exist. The most common types of urban context are holding units, turning units, and heaps. Holding units are containers or bins that hold yard and garden m Plastic holding units can be purchased, or they can be easily bu including wire fencing and snow fence. Holding units are the le good for small compost amounts of yard wastes; however, unless t material they are also the slowest way to compost. Turning units allow organic material to be turned on a regular s series of bins, or a horizontally mounted rotating barrel. With of yard waste can be composted in a relatively short time (3 wee a greater expense to buy or effort to build. No structure is required for heap composting; it is simply a pil the pile should be at least one cubic yard in the Midwest to ret or in windy areas may want to consider piles measuring 4 feet x the least expensive way to compost as no physical structure is n as neat and tidy as using holding or turning units. Some munici aesthetic reasons or to minimize pest attraction. Figure 6-1. Three-Bin Backyard Compost; Ames, IA. Photo courtesy 63 Land-Use Concerns Concerns about composting in urban areas are minimal and usually attracting insects or animals. The proper mix of materials in it odors and pests. Issues with odors or pests only arise if a pil and bones are inappropriate for compost piles because they do no animals and insects (Jauron, 2013). Though compost piles do not municipalities it is generally required for aesthetic and health decomposition process. Existing Regulations Survey There is little variation in most local composting regulations. used, or source of material (on-site household materials versus as certain criteria are met. Those criteria usually include the bin(s) or barrel(s), and focus on its size, its location on the Ordinances may also contain language about preventing nuisances, regulated in other sections of the municipal code. The State of Iowa also has administrative regulations, found in that apply to composting operations. IAC 567-105 regulates compo states that the following types of composting are exempt from st Yard waste or household organic waste composted and used on t originated. Yard waste, household organic waste, and agricultural waste g any combination and used on the same premises where they ori Other composting activities that do not meet these criteria may Department of Natural Resources. 64 Code Language General Restrictions Chicago, Illinois shall be exempt from the permit requirements of [this Cod paragraphs (3), (4) or (5) shall promote proper condition following standards, in addition to all applicable local, (a) Nuisance. In no event shall any composting activities be co creates an odor, litter, dust or noise nuisance, or attra (b) Rat and other vector control. The presence of insects, rode grinding the ingredients, providing screens or netting, or in-vessel. (c) Surface water. The composting operation shall be located or prevent the composting material and compost from sitting i (d) Mixing. Composting material shall be mixed or turned at regu mandate to re-mix ingredients, distribute moisture, rebuil breakdown until composting is complete. (e) Moisture level. The moisture level of the composting materi range of 40% to 60% moisture. (f) Sewage restriction. The composting material shall not conta catch basin waste . (3) Garden compost operation. A composting operation that comp exempt from the permit requirements of [this Code] if it (a) Ingredients. The composting operation composts only landsca (b) Noncommercial. The composting operation is not engaged in c composting, the acceptance of landscape waste or commercia (c) Size. The composting operation contains no more than a tota waste, composting material and end product compost on-site written authorization has been issued by the commissioner a greater volume, not to exceed 25 cubic yards. or non-hazardous carbonaceous waste, whether or not lands mixture, shall be exempt from the permit requirements of (a) Ingredients. The composting operation composts only organic 65 carbonaceous waste is conducted in-vessel. This requireme landscape wastes with these wastes. (c) Size. The composting operation contains no more than a tota waste, composting material and end product compost on-site written authorization has been issued by the commissioner a greater volume (d) Compost use. All generated compost is used on-site. (Chicago, IL §7-28-715). Dayton, Ohio Compost structures shall be located in rear yards only. The composting area shall not exceed 250 cubic feet in volume. Christmas trees, meat, bones, fat, oil, whole eggs, dairy produc Standard composting practices are required, including providing to prevent combustion and objectionable odors to adjacent proper Dayton, OH §150.420.1.5). Figure 6-2. Compost Piles, Central College Garden; Pella, IA. P 66 Cincinnati, Ohio Yard waste shall either be incorporated into the soil, household removed. Household compost may consist of ground, shredded, or chopped ya to, grass clippings, shrub trimmings, wood chips, leaves, herbac such plant-derived materials. No person shall create or maintain a household compost pile in s or insect harborage, or that it produces offensive and noxious o or groundwater pollution. Household compost piles shall be located: (a) a maximum practical distance from any occupied structure; (e) ten (10) feet from any roadway, alley, or other public right (f) twenty (20) feet from any natural watercourse; (g) a household compost pile shall not be constructed in a natur Household compost piles shall be maintained in a safe and sanita that produce offensive odors or that harbor insects or rodents s shall have adequate natural drainage, such that any liquids gene shall be absorbed into soil. (Cincinnati, OH §00053-7). Grand Rapids, Michigan Residential composting is only permitted on the premises of an o The compost may not contain animal waste, meat, bones, grease, o The compost receptacle must be located in the rear yard of the r The compost receptacle must be kept tightly covered except when compost materials. The compost receptacle shall have a capacity of no greater than The compost receptacle shall be constructed of rigid and durable any substantially similar materials. (Grand Rapids, MI §9.108). 67 Iowa City, Iowa COMPOST PILE: A collection of yard waste, such as grass, leaves, oil, raw manure and milk products, which collection is screened located in the area between any building and the street right of amendment. (Iowa City, IA §6-1-1). Ames, Iowa Notwithstanding any other Sections in this Chapter, the followin piles: shredded tree and shrub prunings; (b) Kitchen scraps including fruit and vegetable trimmings (incl grounds, and eggshells; (c) Shredded newspapers; (d) Wood ashes (no more than 1 cup per bushel of compost). The following materials shall not be included in composting pile (a) Human or animal feces; (b) Diseased plant material or weeds that have gone to seed; (c) Kitchen scraps that include animal meat, bones or fat; (d) All other materials not listed in Section 1 above. All composting shall comply with the state regulations contained Administrative Code. (Ames, IA §10.26). Iowa Administrative Code The following projects are exempt from this 567105.2(455B,455D) Exemptions. chapter. This exemption is not a defense to a nuisance action br chapter 657. Yard waste or household organic waste composted and used on the 105.2(1) where it originated. Composting facilities involving agricultural waste, excluding d 105.2(2) wood waste which is necessary as bulking agent and which is free Use of any other materials as bulking agent shall require prior agricultural waste is mixed with other wastes including dead ani composting, then this chapter shall apply unless the other waste department as necessary as bulking agent. Yard waste, household organic waste, and agricultural waste gen 105.2(3) together in any combination and used on the same premises where 68 Urban Agriculture Districts Introduction Unlike the previous chapters of this report, which review differ zoning code provisions enabling those practices, this chapter is protecting land in urban areas for the production of local foods In many cities with thriving urban food systems the lands placed neglected spaces with low market value for other uses. A challen agricultural production as the market for other uses increases a UADs are the most direct method of protecting tillable land in u commercial or industrial use. While allowing community gardens, permitted uses in other zoning districts is a positive promotion can still easily be converted to other uses permitted in those d the public. The typical A-1 Agricultural districts found in man residential development by-right without a rezoning or condition is necessary to convert a parcel from agriculture to another use to comment on the loss of urban agricultural land and its effect with other land uses. Land-Use Concerns UADs could be used to zone small parcels or large tracts of unde The same concerns over crop agriculture and animal husbandry hig activities in UADs. In addition, if food processing and product should be written to keep those uses accessory to agricultural p the area to industrial or retail over time. Existing Regulations Survey Wisconsin in their entirety. The activities regulated by thes provisions for community gardens and urban farms. A community provisions from any other chapters in this report. If a communi concerning beekeeping in its UAD, for example, language from Cha Boston, Massachusetts allows for the designation of Open Space ( to public lands, or to private property with landowner consent. conjunction with one of nine OS subdistrict designations to allo Community Garden is one of the nine subdistricts. The Community commodity on any size parcel of land. 69 Code Language Cleveland, Ohio The Urban Garden District is hereby established as part of the Purpose. urban garden areas are appropriately located and protected to me community health, community education, garden-related job traini preservation of green space, and community enjoyment on sites fo highest and best use for the community. means an area of land managed and maintained by a group of indiv Community garden or group use, consumption or donation. Community gardens may be for cultivation by one (1) or more individuals or may be farmed group and may include common areas maintained and used by group means an area of land managed and maintained by an individual o Market garden Greenhouse means a structure made of PVC piping or other material covered Hoophouse plastic, constructed in a half-round or hoop shape. means an unheated outdoor structure consisting of a wooden or c Coldframe top of glass or clear plastic, used for protecting seedlings and Permitted Main Uses Only the following main uses shall be permitted in an Urban Gard Community gardens which may have occasional sales of items grown Market gardens, including the sale of crops produced on the site Permitted Accessory Uses Only the following accessory uses and structures shall be permit Greenhouses, hoophouses, cold-frames, and similar structures use season; Open space associated with and intended for use as garden areas; where the sponsorship information is clearly secondary to other particular sign, in conformance with the [supplemental regulatio areas; Buildings, limited to tool sheds, shade pavilions, barns, rest-r toilets, and planting preparation house, in conformance with the Off-street parking and walkways, in conformance with the [supple 70 Supplemental Regulations Uses and structures in an Urban Garden District shall be develop the following regulations. Buildings shall be set back from property lines of a Residentia Location. Height. . The combined area of all buildings, excluding greenhouses and Building Coverage Off-street parking shall be permitted only for those garden sit Parking and Walkways. to ten percent (10%) of the garden site lot area and shall be ei gravel or similar loose material or shall be paved with previous be unpaved except as necessary to meet the needs of individuals Signs shall not exceed four (4) square feet in area per side an Signs. feet in height. . Seasonal farm stands shall be removed from the premises or sto Seasonal Farm Stands inside a building on the premises during that time of the year w public use. Fences if they are taller than four (4) feet, and shall be constructed a location that is subject to design review and approval by the Landmarks Commission, no fence shall be installed without review on behalf of the Commission, who may confer with a neighborhood if one exists, so that best efforts are taken to ensure that the and placement with the character of nearby properties. (Cleveland, OH §336). Madison, Wisconsin The purpose of [the Urban Agriculture District] is to ensure th Purpose. appropriately located and protected to meet needs for local food health, community education, garden-related job training, natura green space, and community enjoyment. Because urban agriculture residential and other uses, concern will be given to ensuring co 71 Permitted and Conditional Uses [partial list] Permitted usesConditional uses Some forms of cultivationSome forms of cultivation Some community eventsSome community events Some public utility and public Some public utility and public service usesservice uses Some outdoor cooking operationsSome outdoor cooking operations Community garden Market gardenAnimal husbandry CompostingClear-cutting Keeping of honeybeesGreenhouse, nursery On-site farm stand Selective cutting of timber Mobile grocery store Solar energy systems Transit stops Composting . Requirements represent minimums unless Dimensional Requirements, Permitted and Conditional Uses otherwise noted. Dimensions are in feet unless otherwise noted. 15,000 Lot area sq. ft.Lot area of less than 15,000 square feet may be allowed as a conditional use Lot width50 15 or the setback of the adjacent district, Front yard setback (structures) whichever is greater 6 or the setback of the adjacent district, whichever Side yard setback (structures) is greater 20 or the setback of the adjacent district, Rear yard setback (structures) whichever is greater Maximum height25 Maximum lot coverage (buildings and paved 15% (excluding greenhouses and hoophouses) areas) (Madison, WI §28.093). 72 Boston, Massachusetts Open space subdistricts may be established by the Zoning Commiss district. An open space subdistrict designation imposes land use use restrictions pertaining to OS districts . An open space subd contained within one or more open space districts, provided that owned by a Public Agency, including but not limited to the City Conservation Commission, the Boston Parks and Recreation Departm Redevelopment Authority, the Boston School Department, the Massa of Environmental Quality Engineering, the Massachusetts Port Aut Commission, the Boston Public Facilities Department, the Boston the Boston Water and Sewer Commission; or owned by a private person, entity, or conservation trust, such a which consents in writing to the establishment of an open space Any property owner, or property owner representing a Planning an Neighborhood Council, or the Boston Redevelopment Authority, or may petition the Zoning Commission to establish or to substantia subdistrict within an open space (OS) district. There shall be no minimum land area requirement for an open spac Community Garden Open Space Subdistrict Community Garden open space (OS-G) subdistricts shall consist of tillage of soil and the production, cultivation, growing, and ha (Boston, MA §33). 73 Direct-to-Consumer Sales: CSA Drop-Sites, Farm Stands, Farmers Markets Introduction Direct-to-consumer sales - when consumers buy agricultural produ enjoyed explosive growth over the past twenty years. According of Agriculture, 163,675 farmers sold an estimated $6.1 billion i et al, 2015). Farms with local food sales represent 7.8 percent account for only 1.5 percent of the value of U.S. agricultural p food marketing has far exceeded the growth of total agricultural of Agriculture, from 1997-2007 direct-to-consumer food marketing agricultural sales increased by only 47.6 percent. (Diamond and activities can bring fresh produce into areas where access to nu more generally bring agricultural products to food deserts. The Regulatory Dilemma Naturally, growth of direct-to-consumer agricultural sales of th regulatory challenges in many communities. While municipal zoni districts that permit growing crops and produce, and may allow s districts, many codes prohibit the commercial sale of such produ place in commercial zoning districts. Direct-to-consumer sales are occasional or seasonal. Purchasing land in commercial zonin activities is cost prohibitive for most urban producers. Three common areas where direct-to-consumer sales and municipal Support Agriculture (CSA) drop-sites, farm stands, and farmers m Community Supported Agriculture - CSA Drop-Sites CSAs have become a popular way for consumers to buy local, seaso CSA, a producer offers a certain number of shares to the publi the farm products grown by the producer. Interested consumers pu a subscription) and in return receive seasonal produce each we notion of shared risk is fundamental to the operation of CSAs: i for the whole season and the farmers do their best to provide an factors, members may see a bumper crop for one vegetable, but a The majority of CSA farms are located outside the city limits, a shareholders that takes place on-farm is not a concern of munici CSA operates, however, shares may be distributed at a designated (drop-site) in the city, closer to the shareholders (DeMuth, 1 municipal zoning is written or interpreted to prevent the locati such as parks, parking lots, or vacant lots in other locations i 74 Figure 8-1. Turtle Farm and CSA Residential Drop-Site; West Des Farm Stands Though the farm stand may be a common site in rural areas, they Farm stands have historically been on-site structures where prod the case for farm stands selling from urban farms. Increasingly, looking to bring their products closer to consumers via temporar from the farm) in nearby cities. Farm stands differ from CSA drop-sites in that sales transaction that a farm stand is a single producer, not a collection of prod when the commercial activity of the farm stand is prohibited in activity is required to be a single primary use on a lot in a co the USDA as a multi-stall market at which farmer-producers sell musicians and other entertainment; food and drink for sale; and merchandise. coupons, and vouchers are allowed as forms of payment for produc increasing access to fresh food for those who need it most (Woot 75 Figure 8-2. Des Moines Farmers Market; Des Moines, IA. Photo cou list of rules and regulations. In order to fund the market, fees in the market. include public parks, institutions such as schools or churches, is allowed, while others simply will allow the market in certain They are usually operated during the local growing season, but c same reasons as described above for CSA drop-sites and farm stan markets and the land use characteristics they bring to a locatio Land-Use Concerns one time perceived to have an unfair competitive advantage over retailers. This perception has been largely dispelled, with stat market that is open 20 to 30 days a year to a retail store that 76 Existing Regulations Survey To address the most common land use concerns, most controls over address hours of operation, days of operation, and parking requi site farm stands are often treated as temporary uses, and regula zoning code. either through the licensing process or the zoning ordinance its Other guidelines may include giving priority to vendors that are they are selling. Many require the market to identify a contact Code Language CSA Drop-Sites Portland, Oregon Delivery Days are days when deliveries of food or other goods ar Delivery Days. Membership Distribution Sites for later pick-up by members of Fo Supported Agriculture Organizations. A site where items ordered through a Food Buying Club or Food Membership Distribution Site. Community Supported Agriculture Organization are picked up by th membership organizations. The members, as a group, buy food and distributors, growers, and others. All products are pre-ordered products are food. are membership organizations. Individuals or Community Supported Agriculture Organizations output in advance. Members receive food items from the producer Food Membership Distribution is accessory to most use categorie Use. The regulations of this subsection apply to sites in residential Residential zones. Institutional use. 1. The maximum number of members who may come to the site to pic 2. The operator of a site must select a maximum number of delive of members who may come to the site, and is responsible for that apply to the combination of delivery days and maximum n come to the site. This may require limiting the number of me order, or moving some deliveries to other locations. 3. Members may pick up items at the site only between 7 AM and 9 77 4. Truck deliveries are allowed between 8 AM and 5 PM. 5. Exterior activities, except delivery and pick up, may not occ building and any street lot line. (Portland, OR §33.237.200, §33.910). Table 237-2 (edited) Maximum Delivery days per calender year members visiting site per Up to 56 to 2627 to 5253 to 104>104 delivery day Allowed with Up to 12AllowedAllowedAllowedneighbor Not allowed Allowed with Allowed with Allowed with 13 to 56Allowedneighbor neighbor neighbor Not allowed Allowed with Allowed with 57 to 100Allowedneighbor neighbor Not allowed >100Not allowedNot allowedNot allowedNot allowedNot allowed 78 Farm Stands South Windsor, Connecticut Roadside stands of a temporary and removable nature on a farm fo on the premises shall be allowed, provided that such stand is re use in each calendar year. Roadside stands of a temporary and removable nature other than o farm produce grown in South Windsor shall be allowed provided th a. These roadside stands shall be allowed only during the growin 120 days of use in each calendar year. b. They shall be located not less than 20 feet from a street lin street intersection. this section. (South Windsor, CT §3.2.1(D)). Nolensville, Tennessee Farm stands operating as a temporary use shall be open for no mo feet in area. The sign(s) may contain the name of the stand but to the produce sold at the stand. This type of sign will not re The stand shall neither block nor be located within any right-of feet from the paved surface of the road. When located at inters clear-view distance requirements [found elsewhere in the code]. Nolensville, TN §4.1.3(E)). Figure 8-3. Des Moines Farmers Market; Des Moines,IA. Photo courtesy of Downtown Community Alliance 79 Cleveland, Ohio Agricultural uses in Residential Districts shall be subject to t The sale of produce and the placement of farm stands shall be Farm Stands and Sale of Produce. permitted only in accordance with the following regulations: Where such sales have been permitted by the Board of Zoning App Sale of Produce. agricultural products, plants, eggs and honey grown or produced thousand (1,000) feet of the subject property may be sold on the in a Residential District if the agricultural use is the only us addition, foods prepared on site or off site may be sold if the produced on the subject property or within one thousand (1,000) No sales shall be made before 8:00 a.m. or after dusk. Food sale Ordinances. Where a farm stand has been permitted by the Board of Zoning Ap Farm Stands. farm stand located in a required front yard area in a One-Family removed from the front yard or stored inside a building on the p year when the garden or farm is not open for public use. Farm st Districts, farm stands also shall not exceed two hundred (200) s property. A farm stand shall be set back at least eighteen (18) Board of Zoning Appeals Approval. No agricultural produce or rel the property of an agricultural use and no farm stand for the sa on the property unless the Board of Zoning Appeals determines, a hearing, that the farm stand and sales will meet a community nee neighborhood. In making this determination, the Board shall cons factors: A. The nature of nearby uses of land with respect to their sens associated with farm stand sales; B. The proximity of the farm stand to one (1) family and two (2 D. The availability of off-street or on- street parking to serv E. The proximity of other farm stands serving the immediate are F. The maintenance of a substantially unobstructed view in the include a clear view through the farm stand above a height (Cleveland, OH §337.25). 80 Minneapolis, Minnesota Farmstands shall be allowed accessory to a community garden, mar the following: The farmstand shall only sell products of the farm or garden occ producer within the City of Minneapolis. Sales shall be limited to between 7:00 a.m. and sunset. Farmstands must be removed from the premises or stored inside a operation. Only one (1) farmstand is permitted per zoning lot. One (1) sign may be displayed during the growing season but must premises or stored inside a structure at other times of the year considered to be the months of April through October. (Minneapolis, MN §537.110). Missoula, Montana Farmers markets may be established in the city limits, within th The commodities sold at a farmers market established pursuant to Montana; Any other commodity must be approved for sale at any ta adopted by-laws for the farmers market. The farmers markets shall be open only as designated by the city [D]uring the hours of operation of any city approved farmers ma street vending operations on public property or public right-of- in the resolutions creating the farmers market or street market approved farmers market or street market operation. Participatin street market must keep their vending operations within the city market during the operating hours of the farmers market or stree When established, such markets shall operate only during the mon September and October of each year. dairy products, or anything else that may be a health concern sh regulations of the City of Missoula, the city-county health depa 81 A farmers market is generally described as an open space, public booths and stalls for the various sellers where there is a gathe and selling things especially items related to farm and garden p to establish a farmers market shall request an enabling resoluti purpose, boundary, days and hours of operation of the farmers ma A current copy of the by-laws or other operational documents per inspection. (Missoula, MT §8.20). Salem, Ohio Farmers Market means a location where producers congregate in one or more of the following food items for sale: Producer, for purposes of this chapter, means a person who rai or leased by themselves. of any City board or commission, that does not otherwise have a A special event Farmers Market shall be established for the sale and plants. Said Market shall be open only to producers of their Organizations may contract with the City of Salem for the purpos subject to all rules and regulations of the Service and Safety D state laws. The location of a Farmers Market shall be at 568-600 East State Service and Safety Director in accordance with all local, state A Farmers Market may be held weekly at 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. fr October 30 of each calendar year subject to the approval of the An organization responsible for coordinating a Farmers Market sh Safety Director a list of vendors who will be participating in a the name, address, and contact number of each producer or other of participation in a Farmers Market and any other information r Director. Along with the above referenced list, the City Service copy of any required food service licenses or other applicable l Rules and regulations governing the operation of and participati established by the City Service and Safety Director and shall be Farmers Market. 82 Chapter. Any item sold must meet all federal, state, county and local hea No person shall purchase in a Farmers Market any produce or item the same again in the market or elsewhere in the City during mar The City Service and Safety Director, or his or her designee may or other vendor if there is an infraction of the City Health Cod issue as determined by the City Service and Safety Director or h products or articles expressly prohibited in this Chapter or by Market. Failure to remove the same to the extent that it accumul an authorized vendor may result in the immediate or future revoc Farmers Market. (Salem, OH §727). Wichita, Kansas districts within the City of Wichita: LC, OW, GC, IP, CBD, LI, G licenses as may be required, including Sec. 3.94 of the Code of agricultural, farm, garden aquacultural products, or fruits grow or growers and their agents are exempt from licensing under Sect Wichita. Prior to issuance of required licenses, the market operator shal buildings, parking lots, right-of-ways or other such areas, and attention getting devices. The Zoning Administrator shall approv required licenses. unless such is indicated on the site plan and approved by the Zo Vendors whose goods are primarily fresh produce, grains, fruits, month only Monday through Friday during the months of April thro There shall be no permanent storage allowed upon the site, other No additional lighting, other than that approved for the princip 83 No additional signage, other than that approved for the principa in the site plan approved by the Zoning Administrator. approved special district that does not allow the uses of the L or more intense shall not be licensed, except as authorized by w applicable amendment. Activities of such nature as to be considered an amusement ride, or wild animal show per the Code of the City of Wichita shall be applicable governing agencies. Wichita, KS §III-D.6.jj). Figure 8-4. Des Moines Farmers Market; Des Moines,IA. Photo cour Portland, Oregon Farmers Markets are allowed on a site with an institutional us zones. The Market may be open up to 70 days per calendar year. . [The following] calculations are based on the number of vendor Vendors footage. Those who do not sell any products or services, such as not included in these calculations. Agricultural Producers. At least 50 percent of vendors must be Category One: as jams and jellies, they have grown, raised, or produced from p raised. : Other Food. Up to 50 percent of market vendors may be those wh Category Two available for immediate consumption on site, cheesemakers who do and the like. 84 All Other. Up to 20 percent of market vendors are not required Category Three: agriculture or food. For example, a market may have 50 percent o 30 percent in Category Two, and 20 percent in Category Three. An percent of vendors in Category One, 10 percent in Category Two, Three. A third may have 60 percent of vendors in Category One, 3 5 percent in Category Three. The market cannot obstruct a path that is part of a required ped manager, and that also includes a phone number for the market mPortland, OR §33.296.030(A) (3)c). Gainesville, Florida The city manager or designee is authorized to issue a revocable Permit. farmers market on public or private property for one year at a m . The applicant for the permit must provide a scaled plan of the Requirements location of any tents in relation to rights-of-way, sidewalks, b other features that affect accessibility to the site. The plan s equipment that will not be under tents. Tents and other structur exit. They shall be a minimum of 25 feet from any intersection. The city manager or designee shall review the documentation pro Grant or denial. and shall grant or deny the permit within ten days of receiving be denied if the location and accessibility to the site pose a p In the event a permit holder has been found to be in violation Revocation. section, or of any other city, county, state or federal regulati market, including, but not limited to, state or local health req after notice and opportunity for a hearing, revoke the permit. N shall be able to get another permit for one year after the revoc Tents. tent permit must be obtained each year at the time of applicatio located on public property must be taken down, and the area clea the next day. The farmers market must comply with the [Gainesville noise ordi prohibited noise and procuring special permits for noise. The farmers market must meet the sign requirements established Signs. forth [in the Gainsville City Code]. Individual tents may have t extend no wider than the tent and are high enough to allow adequ The city manager or designee shall require the operator of the Bond. cleanup of the sales area for any farmers market located on publ be determined by the square footage of area used by the market. 85 Sales by individuals who are not members of the farmers market Non-members. peddling and not permitted under this section. (Gainesville, FL §30-115 ). Figure 8-5. Des Moines Farmers Market; Des Moines,IA. Photo cour 86 Food Trucks and Pushcarts Introduction Pushcarts (a.k.a. food carts) and food trucks continue to grow i trucks and pushcarts may sell prepackaged food or food cooked in wagons. The latest styles of food trucks, for example, include cooking equipment and sanitation systems for preparing gourmet s cost as much as $300,000 when purchased new and fully equipped. Kurcab, 2012). Food trucks have seen amazing growth across the nation. They ar urban environments. Food trucks and pushcarts can bring food opt including business parks, apartment complexes and some retail ar grocery-type items to areas that are considered food deserts. entrepreneurs who may not be able to afford the start-up costs o myth that mobile vending poses a threat to public health, modern same public health standards as brick-and-mortar establishments. existing regulations prohibit food trucks from stopping at a loc customers waiting. For the rolling restaurants that many food t before serving customers, and time to break down once the last c Figure 9-1. Powered by Fries Food Truck; Des Moines, IA. Photo c 87 Land-Use Concerns Several criticisms are often leveled at food trucks and pushcart cause congestion on sidewalks and in parking areas where trucks usually necessary for customers of mobile vendors to line up on anyone who has watched customers of food trucks queue to place t maintain good relations with businesses and customers. In this regulation. Another common concern is that mobile vending results in litter and napkins after consuming their food. Most municipalities, ho trash receptacles. Moreover it is again in the interest of the neighborhoods they frequent, and so most make special efforts to was when they arrived. Perhaps the most often cited reason for restrictive regulations have an unfair competitive advantage over brick-and-mortar resta term harm to those businesses. In Gall and Kurcab (2012) Seven Myths and Realities About Food Trucks, list several disadvantages that mobile vendors face that offset Mobile vendors are at the mercy of the weather; Seating cannot be provided by mobile vendors; By necessity, mobile vendors must offer a much smaller selecti Mobile vendors can serve only a fraction of the customers of a Comparing mobile vendors to brick-and-mortar restaurants is an a appeal to different clientele, generally in different locations, in many cities have started their own food truck businesses in o experiment with new offerings to reach different customers. Existing Regulations Survey All regulations surveyed subject food trucks and pushcarts to a The city offers a limited number of permits to operate downtown, on several criteria, including successful experience working in Browne v. City of Iowa 846 N.W.2d 529 (Iowa App. 2014). City, Other common provisions include: geographic areas of the city. Some cities require the mobile vendor to locate on a lot that locating on private property); in other words, the mobile vend of the lot. entrances and driveways. 88 Use of signage separate from what may appear on the side of th prohibited. Use of sound systems for any purpose is generally prohibited. Trash receptacles must be provided by the vendor. Liability insurance is generally required as part of the licen Code Language Food Trucks Raleigh, North Carolina . A licensed, motorized vehicle or mobile food unit which is tem Food Truck where food items are sold to the general public. (Raleigh, NC §6.4.10 (D)). Oakland, California The sale of ready-to-consume prepared foods from trucks located Vehicular food vending. property on a semi-permanent basis during hours of operation. Ve following characteristics: 1. Food is ordered and served from a take-out counter that is in 2. Food is paid for prior to consumption; 3. Catering trucks from which the food is sold typically have a customer queuing; 4. Food and beverages are served in disposable wrappers, plates 5. Food and beverages are prepared and sold for off-site consump Vehicular food vendor - A person who is engaged in vehiculaOakland, CA §8.09.010-§8.09.030). Greensboro, North Carolina A vehicle-mounted, vehicle-towed, or vehicle-carried, food serv Mobile food unit. Mobile food vendor. general public on a recurring basis from a vehicle-mounted, vehi establishment designed to be readily moved and shall be either a vendor. Motorized mobile food vendor. Administrative Rules]. (Greensboro, NC §26-231). 89 Licensing Greensboro, North Carolina The permit required shall be issued only after the issuance of a mobile food vendor, motorized or mobile food vendor, pushcart fo The application for a permit shall include: The name, home and business address of the applicant, the name a the vending business, or of the pushcart to be used in the opera other than the applicant; A description of the types of food and beverages to be sold; A description (including the size) and a photograph of any pushc in the operation of the business, including, if applicable, the any vehicle used in the operation of the business to restock or Two (2) prints of a full-face photograph, taken not more than th the application of any person who will sell or offer for sale an A copy of any approval required by the Guilford County Health De governing the sanitation of restaurants and other food handling approval required by a governmental unit for the preparation and Proof of an insurance policy, issued by an insurance company lic State of North Carolina, protecting the permittee and the city f property and bodily injury, including death, which may arise fro connection with the permit. Such insurance shall name the city a provide that the policy shall not terminate or be canceled prior one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00) per person bodily inj per occurrence property damage. All items listed in the permit application are required annuallyGreensboro, NC §26-231 -§26-243). Locational Restrictions Oakland, California Vehicular food vending shall be permitted on private property l Streets. High Street between Interstate 880 to the west and Foothill Boul between 19th Avenue to the north and MacArthur Boulevard to the between First Avenue to the north and 105th Avenue to the south, Fruitvale Avenue to the north and 98th Avenue to the south. East west and 23rd Avenue to the east, 14th Avenue between East 11th Street in the north. Within the program permitted area, vehicula on private property with an address on and visible from the abov 90 On the streets listed above, vehicular food vending shall be pe Zoning Districts. C-20 Shopping Center Commercial, C-28 Commercial Shopping Distri Commercial, C-40 Community Thoroughfare Commercial, M-20 Light I and M-40 Heavy Industrial zoning districts. Vehicular food vendi zoning district. No vehicular food vending use shall be located or maintained on other city of Oakland regulations. (Oakland, CA §8.09.010-§8.09.030). Figure 9-2. The Spot Food Truck at Des Moines Social Club; Des M Raleigh, North Carolina Food trucks can only be located on a lot containing a principal of food trucks per lot is limited as follows: Maximum of 2 food trucks on lots of one-half acre or less; Maximum of 3 food trucks on lots between one-half acre and 1 acr Maximum of 4 food trucks on lots greater than 1 acre. Food trucks must be located at least 100 feet from the main entr similar food service business, 100 feet from any outdoor dining vending cart location, as measured from the designated location truck. In the event that one or more of the aforementioned uses requirement subsequent to food truck location being approved, no from continuing to operate at the approved location until the fo Food trucks must be located at least 5 feet from the edge of any box and must not locate within any area of the lot that impedes, hydrant. (Raleigh, NC §6.4.10(D)). 91 Greensboro, North Carolina No vendor selling from a mobile food unit shall: Vend within three hundred (300) feet of any church, while such c service .. Vend on any paved or traveled portion of a street or on any side loading area; or any grass or landscaped area . hours, unless the restaurant gives written permission to the ven building entrance or exit or emergency call box. Pour waste products, (including hot water and drainage from cool (Greensboro, NC §26-231 -§26-243). General Restrictions Raleigh, North Carolina of the food truck business. Food trucks and associated seating, if any, must not occupy park Food trucks must not occupy any handicap accessible parking spac Outdoor seating areas associated with a food trucks vending oper or greater in size. Hours of operation are limited to the hours between 6 AM and 3 A the lot accommodating food truck is located within 150 feet of t dwelling in which case the hours of operation are limited to the The food truck operator or their designee must be present at all Food trucks and associated outdoor seating must be removed from impermissible hours of operation and must not be stored, parked, sidewalk. The food truck vendor is responsible for the proper disposal of operation. City trash receptacles are not to be used for this pu trash from their approved location at the end of each day or as of the public. The vendor must keep all areas within 5 feet of t clean of grease, trash, paper, cups or cans associated with the grease is to be disposed in tree pits, storm drains or onto the 92 With the exception of allowable outdoor seating areas, all equip distribution made in compliance with all applicable County, Stat regulations. A zoning permit must be obtained by the property owner (as liste any lot proposed to accommodate one or more food trucks. If at a lot is being used other than in compliance with these regulation and void, and the owner punished for the violation. This zoning annually. A food truck permit must be obtained for food truck business and permits and licenses must be clearly displayed on the food truck permit and zoning permit shall be kept in the food truck. The ap truck permit shall be clearly delineated on the improved surface permit, the vendor must provide evidence of having obtained a Ci Environmental Services Vending Permit and a means for the dispo grease disposal facility. This food truck permit is required to of the improper disposal of liquid waste or grease is discovered and void and the food truck business will be required to cease o food truck business will be punished for the violation. If at any time, Wake County revokes or suspends the issued food food truck business will be revoked or suspended simultaneously.Raleigh, NC §6.4.10(D)). Chapel Hill, North Carolina Temporary connections to potable water are prohibited. All plumb accordance with the State Building Code. Grease must be contained and disposed of in an approved grease r commissary. Grey water must be contained and disposed of in the sanitary sew must also be on the truck. Fire extinguishers shall be maintaine Association (NFPA) standard 10. A food truck vendor shall not operate the food truck as a drive- A trash receptacle shall be provided for customers. If the food truck is proposed to operate after dark, the food tr No signage shall be allowed other than signs permanently attache menu sign no more than six (6) square feet in display area on th (Chapel Hill, NC §§10-6610-73). 93 Greensboro, North Carolina No mobile food vendor shall: Vend between the hours of 3:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. of the followi Leave any pushcart or mobile food unit unattended on a city righ Store, park or leave any pushcart or mobile food unit overnight Sell food or beverages for immediate consumption unless the vend use and being no more than ten (10) feet distant from the pushca products spilled on the sidewalk within twenty (20) feet of the Allow any items relating to the operation of the vending busines than in, on or under the pushcart except that pushcart mobile fo Set up, maintain or permit the use of any table, crate, carton, increase the selling or display capacity of the pushcart. Solicit or conduct business with persons other than pedestrians. Sell anything other than that which the vendor is licensed to ve Sound or permit the sounding of any device which produces noise, attention of the public. All mobile food vendors shall be subjec of the City of Greensboro Noise Ordinance, Offenses of Unreason the City of Greensboro Outdoor Lighting Ordinance and other appl and regulations. (Greensboro, NC §26-231 -§26-243). Figure 9-3. The Spot Food Truck at Des Moines Social Club; Des M 94 Code Language Pushcarts Mobile Vending Cart - A nonmotorized structure on wheels that is (Iowa City, IA §9-4-16). Pushcart - A piece of vending equipment with a maximum length of feet, and a maximum height of eight feet. Pushcarts are intended related to the vending activity, and are easily moved by a perso Pushcart food vendor - a person who owns and operates a business vendor shall be issued more than one city of Oakland Pushcart Fo Vending - The business of selling or causing to be sold any of t prepared foods and beverages, prepackaged foods and non-alcoholi Vending equipment - Includes but is not limited to any materials tables, or other items owned by, in the possession of, or associ and the licensed pushcart food vendor. (Oakland, CA §5.49). Pushcart - Any mobile piece of equipment or vehicle from which a Greensboro, NC §26-231 -§26-243). Pushcart a mobile piece of equipment or vehicle which serves h been prepared, pre-portioned, and individually pre-wrapped at a Carolina Administrative Code). Licensing Oakland, California The building division shall issue up to sixty (60) permits. Perm Holders of Alameda Health Agency, Environmental Health Services for available permits. served basis for entry onto a permit waiting list. Should a perm available permit. At no time shall more than sixty (60) permits be active. The permit applicant shall obtain the permit within fourteen (14 application shall expire. (Oakland, CA §5.49). 95 Location Restrictions Oakland, California Pushcart food vending shall only occur in the following geograph Pushcart food vending shall be permitted on public sidewalks l Sidewalks. and High Street between Interstate 880 to the south and Foothill between 19th Avenue to the west and Macarthur Boulevard to the e First Avenue to the west and 105th Avenue to the east, San Leand to the north and 98th Avenue to the south, East 12th Street betw Avenue in the east, 14th Avenue between East 11th Street in the Vendors may transport pushcart vending equipment throughout the including selling, offering for sale, or soliciting offers to pu Along the street sections described above, pushcart food vendin Zones. C-20 Shopping Center Commercial, C-28 Commercial Shopping Distri Commercial, C-40 Community Thoroughfare Commercial, M-20 Light I and M-40 Heavy Industrial zoning districts. Vendors may vend at any location within permitted zones and alon vendors shall maintain a one hundred (100)-foot distance between sale, or soliciting offers to purchase food. The pushcart food vendor shall not locate within two hundred (20 or public park. Pushcart food vendors shall not vend or locate equipment adjacen for disabled access, driveways, entries and exits from buildings intersections where equipment may obstruct vehicle and pedestria Pushcart food vendors may vend at assemblies within two blocks o Pushcart food vendors may travel along any public right-of-way w vending shall be limited to the permitted locations. Pushcart fo expose or otherwise advertise merchandise, solicit sales, or loi (Oakland, CA §5.49). Greensboro, North Carolina No vendor selling from a pushcart shall: of any other driveway or of any alley. Vend within ten (10) feet of the crosswalk at any intersection. Vend within twenty (20) feet of any bus stop sign. 96 Allow the pushcart or any other item to rest upon, against or ha Vend within one hundred (100) feet of any other pushcart. Pour waste products, (including hot water and drainage from cool regulations pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act mustGreensboro, NC §26- 231 -§26-243). General Restrictions Oakland, California Vending shall only occur within the hours of seven a.m. to ten p a.m. to ten p.m. Saturday and Sunday. The city of Oakland may re nuisances. All pushcart food vendors shall adhere to designated time and da hour set-up and one hour breakdown and travel time before and af No pushcart food vendor shall sell, offer for sale, or solicit o truck. Pushcart food vendors shall engage in their activities in design a manner that at all times there shall remain an open pedestrian as measured from the line perpendicular to the pushcart food ven consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Vending equipment and merchandise shall occupy the pushcart only otherwise placed in the public right-of-way or on public propert Vending equipment shall be regulated in the following manner: Vending equipment, merchandise offered for sale or otherwise ass vendor shall not block, impede or in any way hamper ingress or e pedestrian movement or cause or allow to cause any hazard to ped Vending equipment shall be easily moved and shall be self-suppor equipment be attached, tied or locked to trees, hydrants or any or bench. Any vending equipment shall have the maximum length of eight fee and a maximum height of eight feet. Up to two signs may be attached to the pushcart, with a maximum water, and telecommunications. 97 No tables, chairs, fences or other site furniture (temporary or conjunction with the pushcart vending equipment. (Oakland, CA §5.49). Raleigh, North Carolina Vendors shall maintain their sales location in a clean, hazard-f clean the vending location of waste shall be cause for revocatio all damages or injury to persons or property proximately caused any hazardous or negligent conditions maintained at their sales Vendors shall not discharge materials onto the sidewalk, guttersRaleigh, NC §6.4.10(D)). 98 References Introduction CAST. (2002). Council on Urban and Agricultural Communities: Opportunities for Common Gro Agriculture and Science Technology. No 138. Diamond, A. and Soto, R. (2009). Facts on Direct-to-Consumer Food Marketing: Incorporating Data f USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service. the 2007 Census of Agriculture. Low, S. and 11 others. (2015). , AP-068, USDA, Trends in U.S. Local and Regional Food Systems Economic Research Service. Meck, S. (1996). in Modernizing State Model Planning and Zoning Enabling Legislation: A Short History Planning Statutes: The Growing Smart Working Papers Volume One. Association. 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Burlington, VT §13.1.2 Cedar Rapids, IA §32.04.030(4), §32.09.020 (1P) Evanston, IL §56-O-14 Minneapolis, MN §537.110 San Jose, CA §20.200.110.5 Somerville, MA 12.B (2015, proposed), Bees References and Resources Backyard Beekepers Association. (n.d.). Honeybee Facts. Chandler, P. J. (2009). A Simple, Sustainable Approach to Small-scale Beekeeping Using T (3rd ed.). England: PJ Chandler. Collison, C., & Frazier, M. (2004) . MAAREC. Beekeeping Basics Drees, B., & Jackson, J. (1999, January 1). Texas A&M Extension. Honey Bee. IA Dept. of Ag. and Land Stewardship. (2008, April 1). American Foulbrood Disease. Iowa State. Entomology Index of Internet Resources. (n.d.). Moore, L. J., & Kosut, M. (2013). New York: New Buzz: Urban Beekeeping and the Power of the Bee. York University Press. Nabors, R. (2000). Beekeeping Tips for Beginners. G7600. 100 New Jersey Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Best Management Practices for Beekeepers in Populated Areas. Pennsylvania State Extension. (2013). Penn State Extension. Obtaining Honey Bees - Start Farming. Tew, J. (2004). . Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Backyard Beekeeping Codes and Ordinances Ann Arbor, MI §9:39 Dayton, OH §150.420.1 Evanston, Ill §9-4-19 Fort Collins, CO §4-226-§4-237 Madison, WI §28.151 Pittsburgh, PA §911.04.A.2 Seattle, WA §23.42.052 Tuscaloosa, AL §4-1 Chickens References and Resources Akers, D., Akers, P., & Latour, M. (2002). . Purdue Choosing a Chicken Breed: Eggs, Meat, or Exhibition University Extension Services, AS-518-W. Backyard Chicken Keeping. (2012). 101 Normal Behaviors of Chickens in Small and Backyard Poultry Flock Hady, A., & Kean, R. (2011). UW Extension, A3908-03. Poultry in Urban Areas. Hawes, R. (2009). . Maine Cooperative Extension Publications. Hatching Your Own Chicks Heinrichs, C., & Schrider, D. (n.d.). . Mother Earth News. Enjoy Heritage Chickens Sander, J., Lacy, M., & Dunkley, C. (2013). UGA Extension, C Management Guide for the Backyard Flock. 969. Seattle Tilth. (n.d.). . Seattle Tilth. FAQs about City Chickens Wabeck, C. (1992). Maryland Cooperative Extension Service, MEP Raising Your Home Chicken Flock. 300. Wieland, B & Nolden, N. (n.d.). . University of Minnesota Extension. Backyard Chicken Basics Codes and Ordinances Ann Arbor, MI §9:42 Bloomington, IN §20.05.092 Cedar Rapids, IA §23A Chattanooga, TN §38.451- §38.453 Fort Collins, CO §4.117 Herndon, VA §78-402.7 102 Little Rock, AR §6-44 Madison, WI §28.151 Pittsburgh, PA §911.04.0.2 Portland, OR §13.05.015 Seattle, WA §23.42.052 Stanford, CT §111-3 §111-6 Topeka, KS §6.40.010 Goats References and Resources Adams, A.L. (2000). FDA Veterinarian Newsletter. Goats as Pets. Adams, R. & Van Metre, D. (n.d.). Healthy Living with Backyard Goats. Berg, J., Robinson, P., & Giraud, D. (2005). University of California ANR, 8160. Raising Dairy Goat Kids. Duffy, M., & Calvert, J. (2010). . Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, 21. Dairy Goats dairy-goats.pdf Kooy, H. (n.d.). . Backyard Ecosystem. Oklahoma State University. (1995, February 22). Goats: (Capra hircus). Breeds of Livestock. 103 Seniow, B. (n.d.). Goldenbrook Farm. Goat Management Tips. Steevens, B., Ricketts, R., & Ace, D. (1993). . University of Missouri Feeding and Housing Dairy Goats Extension. Codes and Ordinances Bloomington, IN §20.05.092 Chattanooga, TN §38-451- §38-453 Fort Collins, CO §4-121 Portland City Code §13.05.015 San Diego, California §44.0307 Seattle, WA §23.42.052 Stanford, CT §111-3 §111-6 Crop Agriculture in the Urban Environment Front-Yard Gardening References and Resources Kurutz, S. (2012, December 19). NY times. The Battlefront in the Front Yard. Schettler, E. (2013, February 6). Des Moines Register. Front Yard. 104 Codes and Ordinances Kansas City, MO §88-312 Northbrook, IL §25-31 ; see also North Redington Beach, FL §30-57(f) Orlando, FL §60.223 Sacramento, CA §17.612.010 Private Gardening on Vacant Lots References and Resources Cornell University. (2013, January 30). . Northeast Beginning Farmer Land Access and Tenure Project. EPA. (2011). US Maloney, S. (2013). Putting Paradise in the Parking Lot: Using Zoning to Promote Urb . Notre Dame Law Review , 88(5), 102-150. SSRN database. Agriculture Yuen, J. (2014). City Farms on CLTs: How Community Land Trusts Are Supporting Urb Land Lines. Agriculture. Codes and Ordinances Annapolis, MD §21.60.020 105 Des Moines, IA §74-201 Hartford, CT §26-15 Peoria, IL §3.20 Portland, OR §33.920.460 Seattle, WA §23.43.006 Community Gardens References and Resources Arroyo-Rodriquez, A., & Germain, C. (2012). . Ohio EPA. Urban Agriculture, Composting, and Zoning Brown, K., & Carter, A. (2003). Urban Agriculture and Community Food Security in the United . Community Food Security Coalition. States: Farming from the City Center to the Urban Fringe Hodgson, K., Campbell, M. C., & Bailkey, M. (2011). Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Chicago, Ill.: American Planning Association Sustainable Places. Lee, V. (n.d.). . University of Washington. Community Gardens pdf Oregon State Extension (n.d.). Public Health Law Center. (2012). . Public Health Law Center. Community Garden Policy Reference Guide Raja, S., Born, B., & Russell, J. (2008). A Planners Guide to Community and Regional Food Planning: American Planning Association. 554. Transforming Food Environments, Facilitating Healthy Eating. Raleigh. (2011). . City of Raleigh. Urban Agriculture and Community Gardens in the City of Raleigh html 106 Codes and Ordinances Anchorage, AK §21.04.020 Chapter%204.pdf Belding, MI §2.30 S2.30COGA Bloomington, IN §20.05.092 Chicago, IL §17-17-0103-F Detroit, MI §61-16-124 El Cajon, CA §17.105.020 Fitchburg, WI §22-6 Harrisonburg, VA §10-3-191 Kansas City, MO §88-312 Long Beach, CA §21.15.605 Peoria, IL §3.20 Philadelphia, PA §14-601(11) 107 Portland, OR §33.237.200 Safety Harbor, FL §41.00 St. Paul, MN §65.771 Warrensburg, MO §27-243 Urban Farms References and Resources Hodgson, K., Campbell, M. C., & Bailkey, M. (2011). Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy, Chicago, Ill.: American Planning Association Sustainable Place. Codes and Ordinances Cedar Rapids, IA §32.04.030.A.44 Detroit, MI §61-16-124; §61-12-326- 61-12-339 Fort Collins, CO §3.8.31 Kansas City, MO §88-312 Philadelphia, PA §14-601(11) San Francisco, CA §102.35 Seattle, WA §23.42.051 108 Season Extenders References and Resources DeLong, E. (2001). . Cornell Cooperative Extension. Cold Frames & Hot Beds Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). Urban Agriculture Code Audit: Milwaukee Wisconsin. acknowledge.pdf Masson-Minock, M., & Stockmann, D. (2010). Creating a Legal Framework for Urban Agriculture: . Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Developmen Lessons from Flint, Michigan 91104 NOAA. (n.d.). NOAA. Climate of Iowa. Patterson, P. (n.d.). University of Alaska Fairbanks. Greenhouses and Season Extenders. Codes and Ordinances Belding, MI §2.30(D) S2.30COGA Boston, MA §89-4 Cleveland, OH §336 Milwaukee, WI §295-505-4 (p) Peoria, IL §3.20 Wheatridge, Co §26-123; §5-76 109 Compost References and Resources Jauron, R. (2013). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach Publication Composting Yard Waste. PM 683. Rosen, C., Halbach, T., Mugaas, R., & Unger, P. (n.d.). Composting and Mulching: a Guide to Managing University of Minnesota Extension. Organic Yard Wastes. : Yard and Garden. Smith, M., Friend, D., & Johnson, H. (n.d.). University of Illinois Composting for the Homeowner. Extension. Starbuck, C. (2010). Missouri Extension. Making and Using Compost. Codes and Ordinances Ames, IA §10.26 Chicago, IL §7-28-715 Cincinnati, OH §00053-7 Dayton, OH §150.420.1.5 Grand Rapids, MI §9.108 Iowa City, IA §6-1-1 Santa Cruz, CA §6.12.140 Whitewater, WI §9.06.015 Urban Agriculture District References and Resources 110 Leib, E. (2012). Good Laws, Good Food: Putting Local Food Policy to Work for Our Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic, 1, 1-104. Codes and Ordinances Boston, MA §33-8. Cleveland, OH §336 Madison, WI §28.093 Direct-to-Consumer Sales Diamond, A. and Soto, R. (2009). Facts on Direct-to-Consumer Food Marketing: Incorporating Data f USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service. the 2007 Census of Agriculture. Low, S. and 11 others. (2015)., AP-068, USDA, Trends in U.S. Local and Regional Food Systems Economic Research Service. CSA Drop-sites References and Resources Diamond, A. and Soto, R. (2009). Facts on Direct-to-Consumer Food Marketing: Incorporating Data f USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service. the 2007 Census of Agriculture. DeMuth, S. (1993). . USDA. Low, S. and 11 others. (2015). , AP-068, USDA, Trends in U.S. Local and Regional Food Systems Economic Research Service. Codes and Ordinances Kansas City, MO §88-312-02-C. Minneapolis, MN §537.110 111 Portland, OR §33.237.200, §33.910 Farms Stands References and Resources Maloney, S. (2013). Putting Paradise in the Parking Lot: Using Zoning to Promote Urb . Notre Dame Law Review, 88(5). Agriculture Codes and Ordinances Cleveland, OH §337.25 Minneapolis, MN §537.110 Nolensville, TN §4.1.3(E) Peoria, IL §3.20 South Windsor, CT §3.2.1(D) Farmers Markets References and Resources PHLP. (2009). . Public Health Law & Policy. Salkin, P., & Lavine, A. (2011). Regional Foodsheds: Are Our Local Zoning and Land Use . Fordham Environmental Law Review, 22(599), 1-35. Regulations Healthy? USDA. (2014). . USDA. Wooten, H., & Ackerman, A. (2013). From the Ground Up: Land Use Policies to Protect and Promote Change Lab Solutions. 112 Codes and Ordinances Gainesville, FL §30-115 Lafayette, IN §4.06 CH4.06LAFAMA Minneapolis, MN §535.360(5); §§265.360-265.400 Missoula, MT §8.20 North Kingstown, RD §9-330 Portland, OR §33.296.030(A)(3)c Salem, OH §727 Wichita, KS §III-D.6.jj County%20Zoning%20Code.pdf Food Trucks and Pushcarts References and Resources Browne v. City of Iowa City, 846 N.W.2d 529 (Iowa App. 2014). Morales, A., & Kettles, G. (2009). Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy, 26(20), 1-29. Sidewalk Fruit Vendors. Gall, B. and Kurcab, L. (2012). Seven Myths and Realities about Food Trucks: Why the Facts Suppo Institute for Justice. Food Truck Freedom. Iowa City, IA §9-4-16 National League of Cities. Food on Wheels: Mobile Vending Goes Mainstream. 113 Codes and Ordinances Boston, MA §17-10 Chapel Hill, NC §§10-6610-73 ARTIVREFOTRBU Council Bluffs, IA §3.58.020 Greensboro, NC §26-231 -§26-243 Oakland, CA §5.49 and §8.09.010-§8.09.030 Portland, ME §§19-119-45 Raleigh, NC §6.4.10(D) Wilmington, NC §18-340(c)(8) 114 This project was funded in whole or in part by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. Established by the 1987 Iowa Groundwater Protection Act, the Leopold Center supports farming systems that conserve natural resources. . . . and justice for all Iowa State University Extension and Outreach programs are available to all without regard to race, color, age, religion, n origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information martial status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquiri be directed to the Director of Equal Opportunity and Compliance, 3280 Beardshear Hall, (515)294-7612. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Cathann A. Kress, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Agenda Item 9.a. Pollinator Policy Forum October 22, 2015, 6:30 pm Maplewood Community Center 2100 White Bear Avenue Maplewood, Minnesota 55109 Agenda Welcome: Rep. Leon M. Lillie (Sen. Chuck Wiger, Rep. Peter Fischer, and Rep. JoAnn Ward) Introductions: Rep. Rick Hansen Karen Oberhauser,Associate Professor Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota Vera Krischik,Associate Professor Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota Erik Runquist, Butterfly Conservation Biologist Minnesota Zoo Bryan K. Lueth,Wildlife Habitat Program Manager Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Kevin Cavanaugh,Pesticide Advisor (Pesticide and Fertilizer Management Division) Minnesota Department of Agriculture Dan Shaw,Native Vegetation Specialist/Landscape Ecologist Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources Lex Horan, Organizer Pesticide Action Network Erin Rupp Pollinate Minnesota Virginia Gaynor and Oakley Biesanz Maplewood Nature Center DuWayne Konewko, Parks and Recreation Director City of Maplewood Bruce Fisher Local Beekeeper Questions: Rep. Rick Hansen Thank you: Rep. Leon M. Lillie Agenda Item 9.b. Strategic Materials and Resources Recovery Technologies Tour Wednesday, October 28, 2015 5 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Work Plans: The 2015 Recycling and Trash Hauling Work plans detailed two tours to be arranged by the City’s recycling and trash hauling contractors as follows: 2015 Recycling Work Plan: Tennis Recycling will set-up a tour for the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission and City Council at local mills and/or processing facilities to see how recycling materials from Maplewood are made back into reusable items. 2015 Trash Hauling Work Plan: Republic Services will schedule a tour for the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission and City Council at the Resource Recovery Technologies Facility in Newport where Maplewood’s residential trash is processed. Another alternative includes a tour of Republic Services’ Inver Grove Heights facility. The dispatch center for Maplewood’s trash service is located in Inver Grove Heights including customer service and trash cart storage. Tour Details: Tennis Recyclingand Republic Services have scheduled a tour at Strategic Materialswhere the City’s recycled glass is processed and the Resource Recovery Technologiesfacility where the City’s trash is processed.Both tours are scheduled for Wednesday, October 28, 2015. Tour schedule follows: 4:30 p.m.: Meet at City Hall if you want to Ride Share 5 p.m.: Ride Share Arrives andOthers Meet at Strategic Materials 195 Minnehaha Avenue East,St. Paul 5 to 6 p.m.: Strategic Materials Tour 6 p.m.: Ride Share or Drive to RRT Facility 6:30: Ride Share Arrives and Others Meet at RRT Facility 2901 Maxwell Avenue, Newport 6:30 to 7:30p.m.: RRT FacilityTour 7:30 p.m.: Depart RRT – Ride Share Back to Strategic (if needed) and City Hall 8:00 p.m.:Ride Share Arrives at City Hall Agenda Item 9.e. a ·;© ·;©{·;Þ ©7/;©·zEz- ·z© zzm{-w;7Ò; Jan19 68pm*AllwatershedsLocationTBD Cost:TuitionfortheMasterWaterSteward Feb2 68pm CRWD program$200persteward. Feb16 68pm CRWD Thisincludesallclassroomtime,materials, March1 68pm CRWD andaccesstoinstructors.Askyour March15 68pm CRWD watersheddistrictaboutscholarships. March29 68pm RWMWD April9 93WatershedTour April30 912Rainscaping1(Tentativetime)RWMWD May3 68pmRainscaping2 RWMWD InformationSessions: May17 68pm RCWD May31 68pm RCWD Oct.6 6:307:30pmWilderFoundation June14 68pm RCWD Oct27 6:307:30pmRosevilleCityHall June28 68pm RCWD July12 68pm*AllwatershedsLocationTBD WÒä·w©Òmwh-·,;©azzÒE ;;·zmÞz·w· EEE©/ ¦·;t©;-·a;·©zm /w5/ ¦z·w;mz ·;©w;75z·©z-· 9;©mät ©5©urÔ r{·ut Òrab wa5(RamseyWashingtonMetroWatershedDistrict)2665NoelDr.,LittleCanada,MN55117 w/5wz-;/©;; ·;©w;75z·©z-· tw; ·wz7m;5©ub9rÔ . z;rab vÒ zEz;7 ¦¦z- ·Ò·t Bearesidentinthewatersheddistrict. Completeapplicationprocess includingoneinformationalmeeting(applicationduebyDec.15) BeproficientinbasiccomputerskillssuchasMicrosoftOffice,internetbrowsingandbewilling tolearnnewprograms. Becomfortablewithpublicspeakingandmeetingfacilitation. Bewillingtoserveasacommunityresourceforenvironmentalandwatershedinformation. CompleteallclasssessionsintheMasterWaterStewardcertificationprocess(attendanceatall sessionsismandatory). CompleteaCapstoneProject. Certificationmaintenanceisexpected.Tomaintaincertification,aMasterWaterStewardmust: Complete50volunteerhoursoncleanwaterprojectsinyourwatershedin2017,and25hours annuallyin2018andbeyond. Attendatleast8hoursofContinuingEducation. Agenda Item 9.f. MEMORANDUM TO: Environmental and Natural Resources Commission FROM: Shann Finwall, AICP, Environmental Planner DATE: October 15, 2015 for the October 19 ENR Commission Meeting SUBJECT: Resolution of Appreciation for Joe Ballandby Introduction Joe Ballandby was a member of the Minnesota GreenCorps, doing service in the City of Maplewoodwith a focus on energy goals. In particular, Joe worked on the Energize Maplewood! Energy Action Plan. The plan will educate and empower the communityto participate in energy actions that will move Maplewood towards carbon neutrality. Background Joe Ballandby’s service with the City was for eleven months, from October 2014 to August 2015. In that time Joe assisted the City in advancing our energy goals. Recommendation Approve the attached Resolution of Appreciation for Joe Ballandby for his service with the City of Maplewood as a Minnesota GreenCorps member. Attachment Resolution of Appreciationfor Joe Ballandby RESOLUTION OF APPRECIATION WHEREAS, Joe Ballandby was a Minnesota GreenCorps member doing his service at the City of Maplewood with a focus on energy; and WHEREAS, Joe’sservice with the City as a Minnesota GreenCorps member was for eleven months, serving fromOctober 2014 to August 2015. Mr. Ballandby served faithfully in thatcapacity; and WHEREAS, the Environmental and Natural Resources Commission has appreciated his assistance in advancing the City’s energy goals; and NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED for and on behalf of the City of Maplewood, Minnesota, and its citizens that Joe Ballandby is hereby extended our gratitude and appreciation for his dedicated service. Passed by the Maplewood Environmental and Natural ResourcesCommission on October 19, 2015. ______________________________ Dale Trippler, Chairperson